Behaviour-Driven Development (BDD)
UK

The following table provides summary statistics for contract job vacancies with a requirement for BDD skills. Included is a benchmarking guide to the contractor rates offered in vacancies that have cited BDD over the 6 months to 12 May 2024 with a comparison to the same period in the previous 2 years.

6 months to
12 May 2024
Same period 2023 Same period 2022
Rank 278 187 130
Rank change year-on-year -91 -57 -31
Contract jobs citing BDD 351 833 1,809
As % of all contract jobs advertised in the UK 0.82% 1.43% 2.06%
As % of the Processes & Methodologies category 0.95% 1.59% 2.28%
Number of daily rates quoted 267 594 1,341
10th Percentile £350 £419 £406
25th Percentile £431 £500 £469
Median daily rate (50th Percentile) £525 £600 £550
Median % change year-on-year -12.50% +9.09% +4.76%
75th Percentile £631 £695 £653
90th Percentile £738 £743 £725
UK excluding London median daily rate £525 £500 £500
% change year-on-year +5.00% - +11.11%
Number of hourly rates quoted 2 24 16
10th Percentile - £61.63 £45.63
25th Percentile - £70.00 £61.66
Median hourly rate £56.25 £72.50 £69.02
Median % change year-on-year -22.41% +5.04% +67.32%
75th Percentile - £75.00 £78.94
90th Percentile - - £82.75
UK excluding London median hourly rate £56.25 £72.50 £50.00
% change year-on-year -22.41% +45.00% +19.05%

All Process and Methodology Skills
UK

BDD is in the Processes and Methodologies category. The following table is for comparison with the above and provides summary statistics for all contract job vacancies with a requirement for process or methodology skills.

Contract vacancies with a requirement for process or methodology skills 37,097 52,247 79,383
As % of all contract IT jobs advertised in the UK 86.26% 89.81% 90.60%
Number of daily rates quoted 23,888 36,212 55,718
10th Percentile £300 £325 £343
25th Percentile £413 £438 £428
Median daily rate (50th Percentile) £525 £550 £530
Median % change year-on-year -4.55% +3.77% +8.48%
75th Percentile £638 £650 £638
90th Percentile £750 £750 £738
UK excluding London median daily rate £500 £500 £475
% change year-on-year - +5.26% +8.57%
Number of hourly rates quoted 2,438 1,719 1,895
10th Percentile £12.75 £11.00 £12.50
25th Percentile £16.00 £16.23 £15.58
Median hourly rate £36.50 £36.00 £25.68
Median % change year-on-year +1.39% +40.19% +4.82%
75th Percentile £60.00 £65.00 £49.50
90th Percentile £72.50 £75.00 £65.00
UK excluding London median hourly rate £38.06 £35.00 £20.00
% change year-on-year +8.74% +75.00% -6.98%

BDD
Job Vacancy Trend

Job postings citing BDD as a proportion of all IT jobs advertised.

Job vacancy trend for BDD in the UK

BDD
Contractor Daily Rate Trend

3-month moving average daily rate quoted in jobs citing BDD.

Daily rate trend for BDD in the UK

BDD
Daily Rate Histogram

Daily rate distribution for jobs citing BDD over the 6 months to 12 May 2024.

Daily rate histogram for BDD in the UK

BDD
Contractor Hourly Rate Trend

3-month moving average hourly rates quoted in jobs citing BDD.

Hourly rate trend for BDD in the UK

BDD
Top 16 Contract Locations

The table below looks at the demand and provides a guide to the median contractor rates quoted in IT jobs citing BDD within the UK over the 6 months to 12 May 2024. The 'Rank Change' column provides an indication of the change in demand within each location based on the same 6 month period last year.

Location Rank Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Matching
Contract
IT Job Ads
Median
Daily Rate
Past 6 Months
Median Daily Rate
% Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Live
Jobs
England -93 298 £543 -9.58% 244
London -44 208 £550 -12.70% 115
Work from Home -77 108 £500 -10.71% 203
UK excluding London -86 92 £525 +5.00% 141
South East -19 28 £550 +10.00% 29
North of England -39 28 £500 -11.11% 29
South West -14 17 £590 +18.00% 24
Yorkshire -8 14 £550 -12.00% 5
North West 0 11 £500 -4.31% 22
Midlands +12 8 £425 +13.33% 28
Scotland +13 7 £498 +7.33% 9
West Midlands +11 7 £450 +10.77% 21
Wales +22 3 £363 - 5
North East +2 3 - - 2
East Midlands +11 1 £398 +41.96% 7
East of England -2 1 £500 -8.59% 15

BDD
Co-occurring Skills and Capabilities by Category

The follow tables expand on the table above by listing co-occurrences grouped by category. The same employment type, locality and period is covered with up to 20 co-occurrences shown in each of the following categories:

Application Platforms
1 23 (6.55%) Confluence
2 5 (1.42%) Drupal
3 4 (1.14%) SharePoint
4 3 (0.85%) OpenStack
5 2 (0.57%) Apache
5 2 (0.57%) Apache Spark
5 2 (0.57%) Microsoft Exchange
6 1 (0.28%) Appian
6 1 (0.28%) CMS
6 1 (0.28%) IIS
6 1 (0.28%) JBoss
6 1 (0.28%) Red Hat Fuse
6 1 (0.28%) WebLogic
Applications
1 2 (0.57%) Mingle
2 1 (0.28%) Trello
Business Applications
1 8 (2.28%) NEC Housing
2 4 (1.14%) Dynamics CRM
3 3 (0.85%) Endur
3 3 (0.85%) RMDS
4 2 (0.57%) FLEXCUBE
4 2 (0.57%) Oracle BPM
5 1 (0.28%) Aareon QL
5 1 (0.28%) Distributed Ledger
5 1 (0.28%) MIS ActiveH
5 1 (0.28%) OPENHousing
Cloud Services
1 94 (26.78%) AWS
2 92 (26.21%) Azure
3 38 (10.83%) Azure DevOps
4 34 (9.69%) Serverless
5 32 (9.12%) GitHub
6 20 (5.70%) AWS Lambda
7 17 (4.84%) GCP
7 17 (4.84%) Power Platform
8 14 (3.99%) Amazon EC2
9 13 (3.70%) PowerApps
10 11 (3.13%) AWS Step Functions
10 11 (3.13%) Azure Service Bus
10 11 (3.13%) Power Automate
11 10 (2.85%) Amazon S3
12 9 (2.56%) Amazon CloudWatch
13 8 (2.28%) Azure Functions
13 8 (2.28%) BrowserStack
14 7 (1.99%) Amazon EKS
14 7 (1.99%) Azure Logic Apps
14 7 (1.99%) Azure Storage
Communications & Networking
1 13 (3.70%) HTTP
2 7 (1.99%) SSH
3 5 (1.42%) Internet
4 3 (0.85%) BGP
4 3 (0.85%) Cisco IOS
4 3 (0.85%) IOS XR
5 2 (0.57%) Unified Communications
6 1 (0.28%) Intranet
6 1 (0.28%) PuTTY
Database & Business Intelligence
1 32 (9.12%) MongoDB
2 26 (7.41%) NoSQL
2 26 (7.41%) SQL Server
3 23 (6.55%) PostgreSQL
4 14 (3.99%) MySQL
5 10 (2.85%) Apache Cassandra
5 10 (2.85%) Relational Database
6 9 (2.56%) Azure SQL Database
7 7 (1.99%) Big Data
7 7 (1.99%) Data Lake
7 7 (1.99%) Data Warehouse
7 7 (1.99%) OLTP
7 7 (1.99%) Power BI
8 6 (1.71%) Redis
9 5 (1.42%) KDB
10 4 (1.14%) Amazon Redshift
11 3 (0.85%) DynamoDB
11 3 (0.85%) MariaDB
11 3 (0.85%) Tableau
12 2 (0.57%) RavenDB
Development Applications
1 101 (28.77%) Cucumber
2 79 (22.51%) Git
3 77 (21.94%) Selenium
4 68 (19.37%) JIRA
5 57 (16.24%) Jenkins
6 43 (12.25%) Postman
7 38 (10.83%) SpecFlow
8 35 (9.97%) JUnit
9 32 (9.12%) WebDriver
10 29 (8.26%) JMeter
11 24 (6.84%) Mockito
12 23 (6.55%) Cypress.io
12 23 (6.55%) REST Assured
12 23 (6.55%) TestNG
13 20 (5.70%) Visual Studio
14 19 (5.41%) SoapUI
15 17 (4.84%) GitLab
16 15 (4.27%) Appium
17 13 (3.70%) Bitbucket
18 12 (3.42%) Maven
General
1 81 (23.08%) Social Skills
2 68 (19.37%) Finance
3 56 (15.95%) Banking
4 34 (9.69%) Public Sector
5 31 (8.83%) Analytical Skills
6 29 (8.26%) Investment Banking
7 12 (3.42%) Front Office
8 10 (2.85%) Back Office
9 6 (1.71%) Retail
9 6 (1.71%) Tech for Good
10 5 (1.42%) Presentation Skills
10 5 (1.42%) Telecoms
11 4 (1.14%) Inclusion and Diversity
12 3 (0.85%) Electronics
12 3 (0.85%) Law
12 3 (0.85%) Manufacturing
12 3 (0.85%) Marketing
12 3 (0.85%) Wholesale Banking
13 2 (0.57%) Financial Institution
13 2 (0.57%) Local Government
Job Titles
1 147 (41.88%) Developer
2 79 (22.51%) Senior
3 50 (14.25%) Java Developer
4 38 (10.83%) Senior Developer
5 35 (9.97%) Software Engineer
6 34 (9.69%) Tester
7 31 (8.83%) Scala Developer
8 28 (7.98%) Analyst
9 27 (7.69%) Test Engineer
10 23 (6.55%) Lead
11 21 (5.98%) Senior Java Developer
12 17 (4.84%) Full Stack Developer
13 16 (4.56%) Automation Tester
13 16 (4.56%) Test Automation Engineer
14 14 (3.99%) Software Developer
15 13 (3.70%) QA Engineer
16 12 (3.42%) Automation Engineer
16 12 (3.42%) Business Analyst
16 12 (3.42%) Java Engineer
16 12 (3.42%) Senior Test Engineer
Libraries, Frameworks & Software Standards
1 75 (21.37%) .NET
2 64 (18.23%) REST
3 54 (15.38%) React
4 46 (13.11%) Spring
5 42 (11.97%) Kafka
6 40 (11.40%) AngularJS
6 40 (11.40%) Web Services
7 34 (9.69%) RESTful
8 31 (8.83%) .NET Framework
9 27 (7.69%) JSON
10 26 (7.41%) Spring Boot
11 25 (7.12%) ActiveMQ
11 25 (7.12%) HTML
12 24 (6.84%) XML
13 23 (6.55%) Node.js
14 22 (6.27%) SOAP
15 21 (5.98%) CSS
15 21 (5.98%) JAX-RS
16 20 (5.70%) GraphQL
17 19 (5.41%) Playwright
Miscellaneous
1 16 (4.56%) Derivative
2 14 (3.99%) Product Ownership
3 12 (3.42%) Foreign Exchange (FX)
4 11 (3.13%) Enterprise Software
5 10 (2.85%) Linux Command Line
5 10 (2.85%) Self-Motivation
6 8 (2.28%) Distributed Systems
7 6 (1.71%) Greenfield Project
7 6 (1.71%) Management Information System
7 6 (1.71%) Public Cloud
8 5 (1.42%) Hybrid Cloud
9 4 (1.14%) Algorithms
9 4 (1.14%) Data Centre
9 4 (1.14%) Data Protection Act
9 4 (1.14%) Fixed Income
9 4 (1.14%) Interest Rate Derivative
9 4 (1.14%) Market Risk
9 4 (1.14%) Mobile App
9 4 (1.14%) Private Cloud
10 3 (0.85%) Virtual Team
Operating Systems
1 41 (11.68%) Linux
2 39 (11.11%) Unix
3 23 (6.55%) Mac OS X
4 3 (0.85%) Windows
5 1 (0.28%) Android
5 1 (0.28%) Red Hat Enterprise Linux
5 1 (0.28%) Windows Server
Processes & Methodologies
1 225 (64.10%) TDD
2 215 (61.25%) Agile
3 167 (47.58%) Test Automation
4 119 (33.90%) CI/CD
5 113 (32.19%) DevOps
6 102 (29.06%) Microservices
7 77 (21.94%) Scrum
8 64 (18.23%) Continuous Integration
8 64 (18.23%) Software Engineering
9 46 (13.11%) Kanban
10 45 (12.82%) Full Stack Development
11 44 (12.54%) Pair Programming
11 44 (12.54%) Problem-Solving
12 43 (12.25%) SDLC
13 40 (11.40%) Test Strategy
14 38 (10.83%) Continuous Deployment
15 34 (9.69%) OO
16 33 (9.40%) Software Testing
16 33 (9.40%) User Stories
17 32 (9.12%) ATDD
Programming Languages
1 169 (48.15%) Java
2 77 (21.94%) SQL
3 68 (19.37%) JavaScript
4 65 (18.52%) C#
5 59 (16.81%) Python
6 54 (15.38%) TypeScript
7 41 (11.68%) Scala
8 19 (5.41%) PowerShell
9 12 (3.42%) Bash
10 9 (2.56%) Go
10 9 (2.56%) Perl
11 8 (2.28%) Shell Script
12 7 (1.99%) C
13 6 (1.71%) C++
13 6 (1.71%) Groovy
13 6 (1.71%) Ruby
14 5 (1.42%) PHP
15 4 (1.14%) Bicep
16 3 (0.85%) Kotlin
16 3 (0.85%) T-SQL
Qualifications
1 76 (21.65%) Security Cleared
2 61 (17.38%) SC Cleared
3 25 (7.12%) Degree
4 9 (2.56%) Computer Science Degree
4 9 (2.56%) ISTQB
5 8 (2.28%) DV Cleared
5 8 (2.28%) ISTQB Foundation Certification
6 6 (1.71%) Master's Degree
7 3 (0.85%) ISEB
8 2 (0.57%) Numerate Degree
9 1 (0.28%) Azure Certification
9 1 (0.28%) Microsoft Certification
Quality Assurance & Compliance
1 63 (17.95%) QA
2 30 (8.55%) Accessibility
3 6 (1.71%) WCAG
4 2 (0.57%) Disclosure Scotland
4 2 (0.57%) HL7
5 1 (0.28%) Data Quality
5 1 (0.28%) GDPR
5 1 (0.28%) PCI DSS
5 1 (0.28%) SLA
System Software
1 56 (15.95%) Docker
2 1 (0.28%) Active Directory
2 1 (0.28%) Hyper-V
2 1 (0.28%) Terminal Services
2 1 (0.28%) vSphere
Systems Management
1 57 (16.24%) Kubernetes
2 39 (11.11%) Terraform
3 27 (7.69%) Ansible
4 14 (3.99%) Grafana
5 7 (1.99%) Prometheus
6 5 (1.42%) HP ALM
6 5 (1.42%) Kibana
6 5 (1.42%) Progress Chef
6 5 (1.42%) Puppet
7 4 (1.14%) Nagios
8 2 (0.57%) logstash
9 1 (0.28%) HP Quality Center
9 1 (0.28%) Istio
9 1 (0.28%) vRealize
Vendors
1 41 (11.68%) Microsoft
2 24 (6.84%) Oracle
3 8 (2.28%) NEC
3 8 (2.28%) Salesforce
3 8 (2.28%) SAP
4 7 (1.99%) Splunk
5 6 (1.71%) CA Agile Central
5 6 (1.71%) Typelevel
6 5 (1.42%) Atlassian
6 5 (1.42%) Perfecto Mobile
7 4 (1.14%) HP
7 4 (1.14%) ION Trading
7 4 (1.14%) New Relic
8 3 (0.85%) Cisco
8 3 (0.85%) Google
8 3 (0.85%) Solace
8 3 (0.85%) TOWER Software
9 2 (0.57%) IBM
9 2 (0.57%) Murex
9 2 (0.57%) Planview