CI/CD
UK

The following table provides summary statistics for contract job vacancies with a requirement for CI/CD skills. Included is a benchmarking guide to the contractor rates offered in vacancies that have cited CI/CD over the 6 months to 29 April 2024 with a comparison to the same period in the previous 2 years.

6 months to
29 Apr 2024
Same period 2023 Same period 2022
Rank 30 21 18
Rank change year-on-year -9 -3 0
Contract jobs citing CI/CD 2,481 4,763 7,707
As % of all contract jobs advertised in the UK 5.69% 7.98% 8.68%
As % of the Processes & Methodologies category 6.59% 8.88% 9.59%
Number of daily rates quoted 1,757 3,388 5,435
10th Percentile £405 £450 £438
25th Percentile £463 £500 £503
Median daily rate (50th Percentile) £550 £600 £600
Median % change year-on-year -8.33% - +14.29%
75th Percentile £650 £688 £688
90th Percentile £750 £775 £775
UK excluding London median daily rate £550 £550 £530
% change year-on-year - +3.77% +11.58%
Number of hourly rates quoted 34 75 55
10th Percentile £47.73 £53.75 £35.00
25th Percentile £56.25 £60.91 £48.28
Median hourly rate £65.00 £65.61 £65.00
Median % change year-on-year -0.92% +0.93% +44.44%
75th Percentile £70.00 £74.38 £67.18
90th Percentile £72.13 £75.30 £78.12
UK excluding London median hourly rate £65.00 £65.50 £60.00
% change year-on-year -0.76% +9.17% +3.45%

All Process and Methodology Skills
UK

CI/CD is in the Processes and Methodologies category. The following table is for comparison with the above and provides summary statistics for all contract job vacancies with a requirement for process or methodology skills.

Contract vacancies with a requirement for process or methodology skills 37,621 53,662 80,392
As % of all contract IT jobs advertised in the UK 86.30% 89.91% 90.59%
Number of daily rates quoted 24,254 37,244 56,449
10th Percentile £300 £325 £340
25th Percentile £413 £438 £425
Median daily rate (50th Percentile) £525 £550 £525
Median % change year-on-year -4.55% +4.76% +7.69%
75th Percentile £638 £650 £638
90th Percentile £750 £750 £738
UK excluding London median daily rate £500 £500 £475
% change year-on-year - +5.26% +9.20%
Number of hourly rates quoted 2,437 1,746 1,925
10th Percentile £12.75 £11.00 £12.50
25th Percentile £16.00 £16.25 £15.25
Median hourly rate £35.50 £37.30 £25.00
Median % change year-on-year -4.83% +49.20% -
75th Percentile £59.95 £65.00 £49.25
90th Percentile £72.50 £75.00 £64.32
UK excluding London median hourly rate £36.50 £36.00 £20.00
% change year-on-year +1.39% +80.00% -7.24%

CI/CD
Job Vacancy Trend

Job postings citing CI/CD as a proportion of all IT jobs advertised.

Job vacancy trend for CI/CD in the UK

CI/CD
Contractor Daily Rate Trend

3-month moving average daily rate quoted in jobs citing CI/CD.

Daily rate trend for CI/CD in the UK

CI/CD
Daily Rate Histogram

Daily rate distribution for jobs citing CI/CD over the 6 months to 29 April 2024.

Daily rate histogram for CI/CD in the UK

CI/CD
Contractor Hourly Rate Trend

3-month moving average hourly rates quoted in jobs citing CI/CD.

Hourly rate trend for CI/CD in the UK

CI/CD
Hourly Rate Histogram

Hourly rate distribution of jobs citing CI/CD over the 6 months to 29 April 2024.

Hourly rate histogram for CI/CD in the UK

CI/CD
Top 16 Contract Locations

The table below looks at the demand and provides a guide to the median contractor rates quoted in IT jobs citing CI/CD within the UK over the 6 months to 29 April 2024. The 'Rank Change' column provides an indication of the change in demand within each location based on the same 6 month period last year.

Location Rank Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Matching
Contract
IT Job Ads
Median
Daily Rate
Past 6 Months
Median Daily Rate
% Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Live
Jobs
England -8 2,103 £561 -6.46% 1,151
London -8 1,297 £565 -9.24% 518
Work from Home -11 917 £550 -8.33% 685
UK excluding London -10 877 £550 - 699
North of England -4 302 £550 -1.79% 199
North West -1 195 £582 +5.82% 127
South East -20 175 £600 +4.35% 143
Scotland -10 145 £500 +2.56% 71
South West -25 119 £595 -0.83% 110
Yorkshire +9 97 £538 -4.87% 54
Midlands -32 65 £475 -11.71% 82
West Midlands -27 50 £475 -12.04% 56
East of England 0 44 £500 -3.85% 65
Wales +12 28 £513 -12.54% 25
East Midlands +4 12 £398 -6.47% 25
North East -23 10 £469 -21.88% 20

CI/CD
Co-occurring Skills and Capabilities by Category

The follow tables expand on the table above by listing co-occurrences grouped by category. The same employment type, locality and period is covered with up to 20 co-occurrences shown in each of the following categories:

Application Platforms
1 89 (3.59%) Confluence
2 68 (2.74%) Apache Spark
3 65 (2.62%) Apache
4 64 (2.58%) Apache Airflow
5 34 (1.37%) OpenStack
6 30 (1.21%) nginx
7 26 (1.05%) Microsoft Exchange
8 21 (0.85%) SharePoint
9 14 (0.56%) CMS
10 13 (0.52%) Anypoint
11 12 (0.48%) BizTalk Server
11 12 (0.48%) JBoss
12 10 (0.40%) IIS
13 9 (0.36%) SAS
14 6 (0.24%) Adobe Experience Manager
14 6 (0.24%) NServiceBus
14 6 (0.24%) Tornado
15 5 (0.20%) Apache Solr
15 5 (0.20%) Mule
15 5 (0.20%) Mule ESB
Applications
1 14 (0.56%) Chatbot
2 8 (0.32%) Microsoft Office
3 6 (0.24%) Microsoft Excel
4 3 (0.12%) Microsoft PowerPoint
4 3 (0.12%) Windchill
5 1 (0.040%) CPLEX
5 1 (0.040%) Gliffy
5 1 (0.040%) MS Visio
5 1 (0.040%) PlantUML
5 1 (0.040%) Trello
Business Applications
1 13 (0.52%) Dynamics CRM
2 8 (0.32%) Loan IQ
3 6 (0.24%) Endur
3 6 (0.24%) NEC Housing
3 6 (0.24%) Salesforce CRM
3 6 (0.24%) SAP Hybris
4 4 (0.16%) Distributed Ledger
5 3 (0.12%) ENOVIA
5 3 (0.12%) Remedy ITSM
5 3 (0.12%) SAP S/4HANA
5 3 (0.12%) Shopify
5 3 (0.12%) Teamcenter
6 2 (0.081%) BusinessWorks
7 1 (0.040%) Aareon QL
7 1 (0.040%) Magento
7 1 (0.040%) Markit EDM
7 1 (0.040%) MIS ActiveH
7 1 (0.040%) NetSuite
7 1 (0.040%) OPENHousing
7 1 (0.040%) Oracle EBS
Cloud Services
1 942 (37.97%) AWS
2 844 (34.02%) Azure
3 368 (14.83%) Azure DevOps
4 319 (12.86%) Serverless
5 280 (11.29%) GitHub
6 267 (10.76%) GCP
7 185 (7.46%) AWS Lambda
8 180 (7.26%) Amazon S3
9 133 (5.36%) Entra ID
10 132 (5.32%) Amazon EC2
11 104 (4.19%) OpenShift
12 100 (4.03%) GitHub Actions
13 99 (3.99%) AWS CloudFormation
14 95 (3.83%) Amazon EKS
14 95 (3.83%) Azure Functions
15 84 (3.39%) Amazon CloudWatch
15 84 (3.39%) Azure Cosmos DB
16 80 (3.22%) PaaS
17 71 (2.86%) Azure Monitor
18 70 (2.82%) Azure Data Factory
Communications & Networking
1 156 (6.29%) Firewall
2 106 (4.27%) VPN
3 63 (2.54%) DNS
4 49 (1.98%) TCP/IP
5 45 (1.81%) HTTP
6 41 (1.65%) Network Security
7 37 (1.49%) SSL
8 23 (0.93%) DHCP
9 18 (0.73%) BGP
10 15 (0.60%) VSAN
11 13 (0.52%) Ethernet VPN
11 13 (0.52%) MPLS
11 13 (0.52%) SAN
12 12 (0.48%) Radio Access Network
13 9 (0.36%) Internet
13 9 (0.36%) Wi-Fi
14 8 (0.32%) Ethernet
14 8 (0.32%) SNA
15 7 (0.28%) DSL
15 7 (0.28%) FTP
Database & Business Intelligence
1 191 (7.70%) SQL Server
2 175 (7.05%) NoSQL
3 143 (5.76%) PostgreSQL
4 127 (5.12%) MongoDB
5 94 (3.79%) Relational Database
6 80 (3.22%) Elasticsearch
7 75 (3.02%) Amazon RDS
8 71 (2.86%) Data Warehouse
9 68 (2.74%) Azure SQL Database
10 67 (2.70%) Data Lake
11 63 (2.54%) MySQL
12 62 (2.50%) Big Data
13 52 (2.10%) Power BI
14 50 (2.02%) DynamoDB
15 39 (1.57%) Amazon Redshift
16 29 (1.17%) BigQuery
17 27 (1.09%) Oracle Database
18 26 (1.05%) Amazon Aurora
19 25 (1.01%) Hadoop
20 24 (0.97%) Amazon Athena
Development Applications
1 574 (23.14%) Jenkins
2 449 (18.10%) Git
3 319 (12.86%) GitLab
4 209 (8.42%) JIRA
5 122 (4.92%) Selenium
6 110 (4.43%) Cypress.io
7 100 (4.03%) Cucumber
8 72 (2.90%) TeamCity
9 69 (2.78%) JUnit
10 66 (2.66%) Bitbucket
10 66 (2.66%) Postman
11 65 (2.62%) Maven
12 59 (2.38%) SpecFlow
13 49 (1.98%) Visual Studio
14 48 (1.93%) SonarQube
15 47 (1.89%) Atlassian Bamboo
16 39 (1.57%) JMeter
17 38 (1.53%) Artifactory
18 34 (1.37%) Mockito
18 34 (1.37%) WebDriver
General
1 516 (20.80%) Social Skills
2 433 (17.45%) Finance
3 265 (10.68%) Public Sector
4 187 (7.54%) Analytical Skills
5 156 (6.29%) Banking
6 59 (2.38%) Front Office
7 56 (2.26%) Retail
8 45 (1.81%) Inclusion and Diversity
8 45 (1.81%) Presentation Skills
9 43 (1.73%) Telecoms
10 35 (1.41%) Investment Banking
11 31 (1.25%) Law
12 29 (1.17%) Financial Institution
13 27 (1.09%) Legal
13 27 (1.09%) Marketing
13 27 (1.09%) Pharmaceutical
14 24 (0.97%) Manufacturing
15 23 (0.93%) Documentation Skills
15 23 (0.93%) Electronics
16 21 (0.85%) Back Office
Job Titles
1 707 (28.50%) Developer
2 374 (15.07%) DevOps Engineer
3 342 (13.78%) Senior
4 236 (9.51%) Architect
5 224 (9.03%) Lead
6 148 (5.97%) Java Developer
7 142 (5.72%) Azure Engineer
7 142 (5.72%) Senior Developer
8 139 (5.60%) AWS Engineer
9 112 (4.51%) Data Engineer
10 109 (4.39%) Full Stack Developer
10 109 (4.39%) Software Engineer
11 96 (3.87%) AWS DevOps
12 92 (3.71%) Cloud Engineer
13 85 (3.43%) Python Developer
14 82 (3.31%) AWS DevOps Engineer
15 76 (3.06%) Software Developer
16 70 (2.82%) Consultant
17 67 (2.70%) Solutions Architect
18 65 (2.62%) Technical Architect
Libraries, Frameworks & Software Standards
1 280 (11.29%) Node.js
2 271 (10.92%) .NET
3 268 (10.80%) React
4 255 (10.28%) REST
5 169 (6.81%) Spring
6 155 (6.25%) Spring Boot
7 147 (5.93%) HTML
8 141 (5.68%) Kafka
8 141 (5.68%) XML
9 137 (5.52%) CSS
10 131 (5.28%) RESTful
11 113 (4.55%) .NET Core
12 107 (4.31%) AngularJS
13 103 (4.15%) Elastic Stack
14 98 (3.95%) JSON
15 88 (3.55%) YAML
16 81 (3.26%) .NET Framework
17 73 (2.94%) ARM Templates
18 61 (2.46%) GraphQL
18 61 (2.46%) RabbitMQ
Miscellaneous
1 140 (5.64%) Product Ownership
2 107 (4.31%) Public Cloud
3 90 (3.63%) Cloud Native
4 74 (2.98%) Distributed Systems
5 59 (2.38%) Algorithms
6 56 (2.26%) Data Structures
7 54 (2.18%) Greenfield Project
8 53 (2.14%) Mobile App
9 49 (1.98%) Linux Command Line
10 43 (1.73%) Data Centre
11 39 (1.57%) Data Protection Act
12 38 (1.53%) Legacy Systems
13 36 (1.45%) Derivative
14 35 (1.41%) Management Information System
15 34 (1.37%) Onboarding
16 28 (1.13%) Enterprise Software
16 28 (1.13%) Fixed Income
17 26 (1.05%) PKI
17 26 (1.05%) Self-Motivation
18 22 (0.89%) Virtual Team
Operating Systems
1 430 (17.33%) Linux
2 226 (9.11%) Windows
3 115 (4.64%) Unix
4 96 (3.87%) Windows Server
5 82 (3.31%) Android
6 67 (2.70%) Apple iOS
7 64 (2.58%) Red Hat Enterprise Linux
8 37 (1.49%) CentOS
9 21 (0.85%) VMS
10 18 (0.73%) Ubuntu
10 18 (0.73%) Windows Server 2016
11 17 (0.69%) Windows Server 2019
12 8 (0.32%) Solaris
13 6 (0.24%) Embedded Linux
14 5 (0.20%) Alpine Linux
15 4 (0.16%) AIX
15 4 (0.16%) VxWorks
16 3 (0.12%) Windows 10
16 3 (0.12%) Windows Server 2012
17 2 (0.081%) Mac OS
Processes & Methodologies
1 1,400 (56.43%) DevOps
2 1,079 (43.49%) Agile
3 496 (19.99%) Infrastructure as Code
4 475 (19.15%) Test Automation
5 433 (17.45%) Continuous Integration
6 382 (15.40%) Microservices
7 354 (14.27%) Software Engineering
8 334 (13.46%) Problem-Solving
9 329 (13.26%) Containerisation
10 325 (13.10%) Scrum
11 247 (9.96%) TDD
12 242 (9.75%) SDLC
13 225 (9.07%) Full Stack Development
14 188 (7.58%) Migration
15 168 (6.77%) Continuous Deployment
16 166 (6.69%) Continuous Delivery
17 157 (6.33%) Configuration Management
18 154 (6.21%) Analytics
19 153 (6.17%) Computer Science
20 135 (5.44%) Unit Testing
Programming Languages
1 851 (34.30%) Python
2 557 (22.45%) Java
3 458 (18.46%) SQL
4 354 (14.27%) JavaScript
5 314 (12.66%) PowerShell
6 309 (12.45%) C#
7 218 (8.79%) TypeScript
8 204 (8.22%) Bash
9 138 (5.56%) Go
10 100 (4.03%) Shell Script
11 75 (3.02%) Bicep
12 73 (2.94%) Perl
13 72 (2.90%) C++
14 53 (2.14%) Kotlin
15 51 (2.06%) Ruby
16 50 (2.02%) Scala
17 36 (1.45%) C
18 34 (1.37%) Groovy
19 29 (1.17%) PHP
20 24 (0.97%) T-SQL
Qualifications
1 508 (20.48%) Security Cleared
2 389 (15.68%) SC Cleared
3 179 (7.21%) Degree
4 114 (4.59%) DV Cleared
5 102 (4.11%) Computer Science Degree
6 42 (1.69%) AWS Certification
7 25 (1.01%) Master's Degree
8 23 (0.93%) Azure Certification
9 21 (0.85%) BPSS Clearance
10 20 (0.81%) AWS Certified DevOps Engineer
11 17 (0.69%) ISTQB
12 15 (0.60%) ITIL Foundation Certificate
13 12 (0.48%) AWS Certified Solutions Architect
13 12 (0.48%) CISSP
14 7 (0.28%) Microsoft Certification
15 6 (0.24%) AAT
16 5 (0.20%) CISM
16 5 (0.20%) ISTQB Foundation Certification
17 4 (0.16%) ISEB
18 3 (0.12%) CRISC
Quality Assurance & Compliance
1 150 (6.05%) QA
2 69 (2.78%) Accessibility
3 39 (1.57%) Data Quality
4 23 (0.93%) ISO/IEC 27001
5 18 (0.73%) NIST
6 16 (0.64%) SLA
6 16 (0.64%) WCAG
7 15 (0.60%) Disclosure Scotland
8 12 (0.48%) PCI DSS
9 11 (0.44%) GDPR
9 11 (0.44%) MISRA
10 9 (0.36%) NCSC
11 6 (0.24%) HMG Security Policy Framework
12 5 (0.20%) HIPAA
12 5 (0.20%) ISO 9001
13 4 (0.16%) ISO 20022
13 4 (0.16%) MiFID
13 4 (0.16%) MISRA C
13 4 (0.16%) PMO
14 3 (0.12%) Cyber Essentials
System Software
1 521 (21.00%) Docker
2 160 (6.45%) Active Directory
3 76 (3.06%) Virtual Machines
4 31 (1.25%) VMware Infrastructure
5 27 (1.09%) VMware NSX
6 18 (0.73%) Virtual Desktop
7 16 (0.64%) Apache ZooKeeper
8 15 (0.60%) VMware ESXi
9 11 (0.44%) HDFS
9 11 (0.44%) vSphere
10 10 (0.40%) vCloud
11 5 (0.20%) Firmware
12 3 (0.12%) Hyper-V
12 3 (0.12%) LXC
13 1 (0.040%) Apache Flume
13 1 (0.040%) Ceph
13 1 (0.040%) IAG
13 1 (0.040%) NFS
13 1 (0.040%) Oracle RAC
13 1 (0.040%) XenDesktop
Systems Management
1 650 (26.20%) Terraform
2 611 (24.63%) Kubernetes
3 366 (14.75%) Ansible
4 153 (6.17%) Grafana
5 133 (5.36%) Prometheus
6 79 (3.18%) Puppet
7 70 (2.82%) Progress Chef
8 63 (2.54%) Kibana
9 36 (1.45%) logstash
10 29 (1.17%) Packer
11 23 (0.93%) PowerCLI
12 22 (0.89%) Active Directory Federation Services
12 22 (0.89%) Consul
12 22 (0.89%) Single Sign-On
13 19 (0.77%) Istio
14 18 (0.73%) Docker Swarm
14 18 (0.73%) SCOM
14 18 (0.73%) vCenter Server
15 17 (0.69%) Argo
15 17 (0.69%) Microsoft Intune
Vendors
1 347 (13.99%) Microsoft
2 121 (4.88%) Google
3 119 (4.80%) Oracle
4 70 (2.82%) VMware
5 68 (2.74%) Splunk
6 67 (2.70%) Databricks
7 55 (2.22%) ServiceNow
8 51 (2.06%) SAP
9 48 (1.93%) Red Hat
10 46 (1.85%) IBM
11 44 (1.77%) Salesforce
12 42 (1.69%) Atlassian
13 32 (1.29%) MuleSoft
14 28 (1.13%) CyberArk
14 28 (1.13%) Dell
15 23 (0.93%) HP
16 22 (0.89%) BeyondTrust
17 19 (0.77%) F5
17 19 (0.77%) TIBCO
18 17 (0.69%) Cisco