Large Language Model (LLM)
UK

The following table provides summary statistics for contract job vacancies with a requirement for LLM skills. Included is a benchmarking guide to the contractor rates offered in vacancies that have cited LLM over the 6 months to 21 May 2024 with a comparison to the same period in the previous 2 years.

6 months to
21 May 2024
Same period 2023 Same period 2022
Rank 475 694 -
Rank change year-on-year +219 - -
Contract jobs citing LLM 96 2 0
As % of all contract jobs advertised in the UK 0.23% 0.004% -
As % of the Processes & Methodologies category 0.26% 0.004% -
Number of daily rates quoted 60 2 0
10th Percentile £400 £706 -
25th Percentile £463 £772 -
Median daily rate (50th Percentile) £575 £888 -
Median % change year-on-year -35.21% - -
75th Percentile £626 £997 -
90th Percentile £826 £1,059 -
UK excluding London median daily rate £563 - -

All Process and Methodology Skills
UK

LLM is in the Processes and Methodologies category. The following table is for comparison with the above and provides summary statistics for all contract job vacancies with a requirement for process or methodology skills.

Contract vacancies with a requirement for process or methodology skills 36,539 50,904 80,008
As % of all contract IT jobs advertised in the UK 86.04% 89.75% 90.61%
Number of daily rates quoted 23,560 35,264 56,167
10th Percentile £300 £325 £344
25th Percentile £413 £440 £430
Median daily rate (50th Percentile) £525 £550 £530
Median % change year-on-year -4.55% +3.77% +7.07%
75th Percentile £638 £650 £638
90th Percentile £750 £750 £738
UK excluding London median daily rate £500 £500 £480
% change year-on-year - +4.17% +9.09%
Number of hourly rates quoted 2,438 1,684 1,915
10th Percentile £12.75 £10.63 £12.50
25th Percentile £16.00 £15.75 £15.52
Median hourly rate £36.27 £36.00 £25.68
Median % change year-on-year +0.76% +40.19% +7.00%
75th Percentile £60.00 £65.00 £49.51
90th Percentile £72.50 £75.00 £65.00
UK excluding London median hourly rate £38.00 £35.00 £20.00
% change year-on-year +8.57% +75.00% -6.21%

LLM
Job Vacancy Trend

Job postings citing LLM as a proportion of all IT jobs advertised.

Job vacancy trend for LLM in the UK

LLM
Contractor Daily Rate Trend

3-month moving average daily rate quoted in jobs citing LLM.

Daily rate trend for LLM in the UK

LLM
Daily Rate Histogram

Daily rate distribution for jobs citing LLM over the 6 months to 21 May 2024.

Daily rate histogram for LLM in the UK

LLM
Top 10 Contract Locations

The table below looks at the demand and provides a guide to the median contractor rates quoted in IT jobs citing LLM within the UK over the 6 months to 21 May 2024. The 'Rank Change' column provides an indication of the change in demand within each location based on the same 6 month period last year.

Location Rank Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Matching
Contract
IT Job Ads
Median
Daily Rate
Past 6 Months
Median Daily Rate
% Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Live
Jobs
England +173 77 £575 -35.21% 189
London +156 60 £575 -35.21% 147
Work from Home +149 39 £600 -32.39% 91
UK excluding London - 9 £563 - 76
North of England - 5 £475 - 10
Yorkshire - 3 - -
South East - 2 £650 - 52
South West - 2 - - 6
North East - 1 - - 2
North West - 1 £475 - 8

LLM
Co-occurring Skills and Capabilities by Category

The follow tables expand on the table above by listing co-occurrences grouped by category. The same employment type, locality and period is covered with up to 20 co-occurrences shown in each of the following categories:

Application Platforms
1 3 (3.13%) Confluence
2 2 (2.08%) Apache Spark
3 1 (1.04%) Apache Airflow
3 1 (1.04%) Cloud Foundry
3 1 (1.04%) SharePoint
Applications
1 3 (3.13%) MS Visio
2 2 (2.08%) Chatbot
2 2 (2.08%) Microsoft Office
Cloud Services
1 40 (41.67%) AWS
2 19 (19.79%) Azure
3 10 (10.42%) Cloud Computing
3 10 (10.42%) GCP
4 6 (6.25%) Vertex AI
5 5 (5.21%) AWS Lambda
5 5 (5.21%) Azure Cognitive Services
5 5 (5.21%) Serverless
6 4 (4.17%) Amazon SageMaker
7 3 (3.13%) Azure Data Factory
7 3 (3.13%) Azure DevOps
7 3 (3.13%) Azure Machine Learning
7 3 (3.13%) ChatGPT
7 3 (3.13%) Lucidchart
7 3 (3.13%) Power Platform
8 2 (2.08%) Azure Cognitive Search
8 2 (2.08%) Microsoft 365
8 2 (2.08%) OpenShift
8 2 (2.08%) Slack
8 2 (2.08%) WhatsApp
Communications & Networking
1 2 (2.08%) VPN
Database & Business Intelligence
1 20 (20.83%) NoSQL
2 5 (5.21%) Relational Database
3 4 (4.17%) Big Data
3 4 (4.17%) Bigtable
3 4 (4.17%) Cloud Spanner
3 4 (4.17%) Data Mining
4 3 (3.13%) Data Warehouse
4 3 (3.13%) Power BI
5 2 (2.08%) Data Lake
5 2 (2.08%) MySQL
5 2 (2.08%) PostgreSQL
5 2 (2.08%) SQL Server
5 2 (2.08%) Tableau
6 1 (1.04%) DynamoDB
6 1 (1.04%) Hadoop
6 1 (1.04%) MongoDB
6 1 (1.04%) Pinecone
6 1 (1.04%) SAP HANA
Development Applications
1 6 (6.25%) Git
2 3 (3.13%) JIRA
3 2 (2.08%) Bitbucket
4 1 (1.04%) CircleCI
4 1 (1.04%) MLflow
General
1 14 (14.58%) Finance
1 14 (14.58%) Social Skills
2 7 (7.29%) Public Sector
3 6 (6.25%) Analytical Skills
4 4 (4.17%) Banking
4 4 (4.17%) Financial Institution
5 3 (3.13%) Electronics
5 3 (3.13%) Health Technology
5 3 (3.13%) Manufacturing
5 3 (3.13%) Marketing
5 3 (3.13%) Presentation Skills
5 3 (3.13%) Retail
5 3 (3.13%) Telecoms
6 2 (2.08%) Pharmaceutical
7 1 (1.04%) Hungarian Language
7 1 (1.04%) Law
7 1 (1.04%) Legal
7 1 (1.04%) Publishing
Job Titles
1 25 (26.04%) Developer
2 15 (15.63%) Architect
3 13 (13.54%) Senior
4 12 (12.50%) Artificial Intelligence Engineer
4 12 (12.50%) Data Scientist
4 12 (12.50%) Software Developer
5 11 (11.46%) Python Developer
6 9 (9.38%) Software Engineer
7 8 (8.33%) Machine Learning Engineer
8 7 (7.29%) AWS Engineer
8 7 (7.29%) Lead
9 6 (6.25%) .NET Architect
9 6 (6.25%) .NET Software Engineer
9 6 (6.25%) AWS Architect
9 6 (6.25%) AWS Software Engineer
9 6 (6.25%) Azure Engineer
9 6 (6.25%) Data Engineer
9 6 (6.25%) Lead Software Architect
9 6 (6.25%) Lead Software Engineer
9 6 (6.25%) Software Architect
Libraries, Frameworks & Software Standards
1 20 (20.83%) PyTorch
1 20 (20.83%) RESTful
2 19 (19.79%) TensorFlow
3 18 (18.75%) FastAPI
4 11 (11.46%) .NET
4 11 (11.46%) scikit-learn
4 11 (11.46%) WebSockets
5 9 (9.38%) React
6 8 (8.33%) CSS
7 7 (7.29%) Kafka
7 7 (7.29%) LangChain
8 6 (6.25%) .NET Core
8 6 (6.25%) Hugging Face
9 5 (5.21%) REST
10 3 (3.13%) AngularJS
10 3 (3.13%) Google JAX
10 3 (3.13%) PySpark
11 2 (2.08%) ModSecurity
11 2 (2.08%) NumPy
11 2 (2.08%) Vue
Miscellaneous
1 9 (9.38%) Algorithms
2 7 (7.29%) Distributed Systems
3 5 (5.21%) Public Cloud
4 4 (4.17%) Distributed Computing
4 4 (4.17%) Greenfield Project
5 3 (3.13%) Life Science
5 3 (3.13%) Security Posture
5 3 (3.13%) Team-Oriented Environment
6 2 (2.08%) PKI
6 2 (2.08%) Product Ownership
6 2 (2.08%) Renewable Energy
7 1 (1.04%) Blockchain
7 1 (1.04%) Cloud Native
7 1 (1.04%) Data Fabric
7 1 (1.04%) Data Protection Act
7 1 (1.04%) Mobile App
Operating Systems
1 2 (2.08%) Linux
1 2 (2.08%) Windows
Processes & Methodologies
1 67 (69.79%) Artificial Intelligence
2 63 (65.63%) Machine Learning
3 25 (26.04%) Analytics
4 22 (22.92%) Data Science
5 21 (21.88%) API Development
6 20 (20.83%) Generative AI
6 20 (20.83%) Software Engineering
7 16 (16.67%) Natural Language Processing
8 14 (14.58%) Computer Science
9 12 (12.50%) Problem-Solving
9 12 (12.50%) Unit Testing
10 11 (11.46%) Data Encryption
10 11 (11.46%) Data Engineering
10 11 (11.46%) End-to-End Testing
10 11 (11.46%) Integration Testing
10 11 (11.46%) Use Case
11 10 (10.42%) Open Source
12 9 (9.38%) CI/CD
13 8 (8.33%) Agile
13 8 (8.33%) Visualisation
Programming Languages
1 71 (73.96%) Python
2 27 (28.13%) SQL
3 22 (22.92%) Java
4 14 (14.58%) C#
5 10 (10.42%) JavaScript
6 6 (6.25%) Clojure
6 6 (6.25%) Haskell
6 6 (6.25%) Rust
6 6 (6.25%) T-SQL
6 6 (6.25%) TypeScript
7 5 (5.21%) PowerShell
8 4 (4.17%) Scala
9 3 (3.13%) Go
9 3 (3.13%) Kusto Query Language
9 3 (3.13%) R
10 2 (2.08%) C++
11 1 (1.04%) Bash
11 1 (1.04%) C
11 1 (1.04%) Ruby
Qualifications
1 20 (20.83%) SC Cleared
1 20 (20.83%) Security Cleared
2 17 (17.71%) Degree
3 7 (7.29%) Master's Degree
4 4 (4.17%) Computer Science Degree
5 3 (3.13%) Azure Certification
5 3 (3.13%) CTC Cleared
6 2 (2.08%) Numerate Degree
6 2 (2.08%) PhD
Quality Assurance & Compliance
1 1 (1.04%) Accessibility
1 1 (1.04%) GDPR
1 1 (1.04%) ISO/IEC 27001
1 1 (1.04%) NIST
System Software
1 13 (13.54%) Docker
2 2 (2.08%) VMware Infrastructure
2 2 (2.08%) VMware NSX
Systems Management
1 18 (18.75%) Kubernetes
2 3 (3.13%) Terraform
3 2 (2.08%) Ansible
3 2 (2.08%) OPNET
3 2 (2.08%) PowerCLI
4 1 (1.04%) Kubeflow
Vendors
1 24 (25.00%) OpenAI
2 9 (9.38%) Google
3 7 (7.29%) Microsoft
4 4 (4.17%) SAP
5 3 (3.13%) Databricks
5 3 (3.13%) Genesys
6 2 (2.08%) Atlassian
6 2 (2.08%) Cisco
6 2 (2.08%) VMware
7 1 (1.04%) Dataiku
7 1 (1.04%) DataRobot