Test-Driven Development (TDD)
UK

The following table provides summary statistics for contract job vacancies with a requirement for TDD skills. Included is a benchmarking guide to the contractor rates offered in vacancies that have cited TDD over the 6 months to 3 May 2024 with a comparison to the same period in the previous 2 years.

6 months to
3 May 2024
Same period 2023 Same period 2022
Rank 124 75 55
Rank change year-on-year -49 -20 -7
Contract jobs citing TDD 802 1,870 3,757
As % of all contract jobs advertised in the UK 1.85% 3.16% 4.23%
As % of the Processes & Methodologies category 2.14% 3.51% 4.67%
Number of daily rates quoted 536 1,398 2,777
10th Percentile £363 £449 £406
25th Percentile £456 £508 £475
Median daily rate (50th Percentile) £550 £605 £575
Median % change year-on-year -9.09% +5.22% +9.52%
75th Percentile £700 £738 £675
90th Percentile £825 £807 £750
UK excluding London median daily rate £500 £550 £500
% change year-on-year -9.09% +10.00% +9.59%
Number of hourly rates quoted 49 45 44
10th Percentile - £57.75 -
25th Percentile £61.25 £65.00 £35.00
Median hourly rate £65.00 £67.00 £65.52
Median % change year-on-year -2.99% +2.26% +31.04%
75th Percentile - £75.00 £76.13
90th Percentile - - £79.28
UK excluding London median hourly rate £65.00 £65.00 £63.62
% change year-on-year - +2.18% +41.37%

All Process and Methodology Skills
UK

TDD is in the Processes and Methodologies category. The following table is for comparison with the above and provides summary statistics for all contract job vacancies with a requirement for process or methodology skills.

Contract vacancies with a requirement for process or methodology skills 37,452 53,231 80,444
As % of all contract IT jobs advertised in the UK 86.33% 89.85% 90.62%
Number of daily rates quoted 24,130 36,930 56,488
10th Percentile £300 £325 £341
25th Percentile £413 £438 £425
Median daily rate (50th Percentile) £525 £550 £530
Median % change year-on-year -4.55% +3.77% +8.72%
75th Percentile £638 £650 £638
90th Percentile £750 £750 £738
UK excluding London median daily rate £500 £500 £475
% change year-on-year - +5.26% +8.57%
Number of hourly rates quoted 2,454 1,752 1,920
10th Percentile £12.75 £11.00 £12.50
25th Percentile £16.00 £16.25 £15.50
Median hourly rate £35.95 £36.00 £25.00
Median % change year-on-year -0.14% +44.00% +2.04%
75th Percentile £60.00 £65.00 £49.25
90th Percentile £72.50 £75.00 £64.53
UK excluding London median hourly rate £37.50 £35.00 £20.00
% change year-on-year +7.14% +75.00% -6.98%

TDD
Job Vacancy Trend

Job postings citing TDD as a proportion of all IT jobs advertised.

Job vacancy trend for TDD in the UK

TDD
Contractor Daily Rate Trend

3-month moving average daily rate quoted in jobs citing TDD.

Daily rate trend for TDD in the UK

TDD
Daily Rate Histogram

Daily rate distribution for jobs citing TDD over the 6 months to 3 May 2024.

Daily rate histogram for TDD in the UK

TDD
Contractor Hourly Rate Trend

3-month moving average hourly rates quoted in jobs citing TDD.

Hourly rate trend for TDD in the UK

TDD
Hourly Rate Histogram

Hourly rate distribution of jobs citing TDD over the 6 months to 3 May 2024.

Hourly rate histogram for TDD in the UK

TDD
Top 15 Contract Locations

The table below looks at the demand and provides a guide to the median contractor rates quoted in IT jobs citing TDD within the UK over the 6 months to 3 May 2024. The 'Rank Change' column provides an indication of the change in demand within each location based on the same 6 month period last year.

Location Rank Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Matching
Contract
IT Job Ads
Median
Daily Rate
Past 6 Months
Median Daily Rate
% Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Live
Jobs
England -40 724 £563 -10.00% 516
London -23 490 £600 -7.69% 204
UK excluding London -76 259 £500 -9.09% 321
Work from Home -66 245 £500 -16.67% 438
North of England -75 64 £550 -2.22% 101
East of England +6 59 £493 -15.52% 43
South East -26 59 £475 -18.10% 86
Scotland -17 38 £463 -13.06% 16
Yorkshire -31 32 £585 -2.50% 16
North West -54 28 £525 -4.55% 76
South West -30 27 £580 +5.45% 33
Midlands -23 12 £435 -25.64% 36
West Midlands -21 11 £450 -24.37% 20
North East -2 4 £375 -34.78% 10
East Midlands +3 1 £398 -43.21% 16

TDD
Co-occurring Skills and Capabilities by Category

The follow tables expand on the table above by listing co-occurrences grouped by category. The same employment type, locality and period is covered with up to 20 co-occurrences shown in each of the following categories:

Application Platforms
1 32 (3.99%) Confluence
2 21 (2.62%) nginx
3 19 (2.37%) CMS
4 15 (1.87%) Apache
5 9 (1.12%) Apache Spark
5 9 (1.12%) Drupal
6 7 (0.87%) OpenStack
7 6 (0.75%) SAS
8 5 (0.62%) SharePoint
9 4 (0.50%) Apache Airflow
10 3 (0.37%) Cloud Foundry
10 3 (0.37%) IIS
10 3 (0.37%) JBoss
11 2 (0.25%) Anypoint
11 2 (0.25%) Apache Solr
11 2 (0.25%) Jadu
11 2 (0.25%) Microsoft Exchange
11 2 (0.25%) NServiceBus
12 1 (0.12%) EPiServer
12 1 (0.12%) Oracle Coherence
Applications
1 6 (0.75%) Microsoft Office
2 3 (0.37%) Chatbot
2 3 (0.37%) Microsoft Project
3 1 (0.12%) Trello
Business Applications
1 7 (0.87%) NEC Housing
2 6 (0.75%) Shopify
3 5 (0.62%) Dynamics CRM
4 2 (0.25%) RMDS
5 1 (0.12%) Aareon QL
5 1 (0.12%) Distributed Ledger
5 1 (0.12%) Endur
5 1 (0.12%) Magento
5 1 (0.12%) MIS ActiveH
5 1 (0.12%) NetSuite
5 1 (0.12%) OPENHousing
Cloud Services
1 256 (31.92%) AWS
2 246 (30.67%) Azure
3 116 (14.46%) Azure DevOps
4 89 (11.10%) GCP
5 74 (9.23%) Serverless
6 72 (8.98%) Azure Service Bus
7 52 (6.48%) Azure Cosmos DB
8 47 (5.86%) GitHub
9 41 (5.11%) Azure Monitor
10 30 (3.74%) AWS Lambda
11 27 (3.37%) Amazon S3
12 25 (3.12%) Azure Functions
13 23 (2.87%) Azure API Management
14 22 (2.74%) PaaS
15 21 (2.62%) AWS Elastic Beanstalk
15 21 (2.62%) Power Platform
16 18 (2.24%) Amazon EKS
16 18 (2.24%) Azure Logic Apps
16 18 (2.24%) Azure Pipelines
17 17 (2.12%) Azure Key Vault
Communications & Networking
1 37 (4.61%) Modbus
1 37 (4.61%) RS-422
1 37 (4.61%) RS-485
2 34 (4.24%) HTTP
3 13 (1.62%) TCP/IP
4 11 (1.37%) FTP
5 8 (1.00%) Ethernet
6 5 (0.62%) Internet
6 5 (0.62%) SSH
7 4 (0.50%) SSL
8 2 (0.25%) 5G
8 2 (0.25%) DNS
8 2 (0.25%) IP Telephony
8 2 (0.25%) Unified Communications
9 1 (0.12%) DHCP
9 1 (0.12%) Firewall
9 1 (0.12%) HTTPS
9 1 (0.12%) PuTTY
9 1 (0.12%) VLAN
9 1 (0.12%) VSAN
Database & Business Intelligence
1 123 (15.34%) SQL Server
2 68 (8.48%) NoSQL
3 60 (7.48%) PostgreSQL
4 49 (6.11%) MongoDB
5 47 (5.86%) Relational Database
6 35 (4.36%) Apache Cassandra
7 34 (4.24%) Azure SQL Database
8 22 (2.74%) MySQL
9 16 (2.00%) Data Lake
10 15 (1.87%) Data Warehouse
11 13 (1.62%) Power BI
12 12 (1.50%) Amazon Aurora
12 12 (1.50%) Redis
13 11 (1.37%) Oracle Database
14 10 (1.25%) DynamoDB
15 9 (1.12%) KDB
16 8 (1.00%) Elasticsearch
17 7 (0.87%) Big Data
17 7 (0.87%) OLTP
18 6 (0.75%) Flink
Development Applications
1 174 (21.70%) Git
2 103 (12.84%) Jenkins
3 76 (9.48%) JIRA
4 55 (6.86%) JUnit
5 46 (5.74%) Cucumber
6 45 (5.61%) Postman
7 39 (4.86%) Selenium
8 38 (4.74%) Cypress.io
9 37 (4.61%) Mockito
10 32 (3.99%) TeamCity
11 31 (3.87%) Visual Studio
12 21 (2.62%) SpecFlow
13 19 (2.37%) JMeter
14 16 (2.00%) WebDriver
15 15 (1.87%) Maven
16 13 (1.62%) GitLab
16 13 (1.62%) Gradle
16 13 (1.62%) NUnit
16 13 (1.62%) SoapUI
17 11 (1.37%) REST Assured
General
1 172 (21.45%) Finance
2 167 (20.82%) Social Skills
3 76 (9.48%) Public Sector
4 71 (8.85%) Front Office
5 60 (7.48%) Banking
6 44 (5.49%) Electronics
7 42 (5.24%) Back Office
8 41 (5.11%) Analytical Skills
9 23 (2.87%) Investment Banking
10 22 (2.74%) Retail
11 18 (2.24%) Presentation Skills
12 17 (2.12%) Marketing
13 13 (1.62%) Inclusion and Diversity
14 10 (1.25%) Advertising
14 10 (1.25%) Manufacturing
15 9 (1.12%) Law
15 9 (1.12%) Military
15 9 (1.12%) Telecoms
16 8 (1.00%) Tech for Good
17 6 (0.75%) Influencing Skills
Job Titles
1 470 (58.60%) Developer
2 170 (21.20%) Senior
3 128 (15.96%) Java Developer
3 128 (15.96%) Software Engineer
4 106 (13.22%) Senior Developer
5 65 (8.10%) Lead
6 63 (7.86%) Full Stack Developer
7 60 (7.48%) .NET Developer
8 49 (6.11%) C# Developer
9 47 (5.86%) Scala Developer
10 41 (5.11%) Senior Java Developer
11 39 (4.86%) Python Developer
12 36 (4.49%) C++ Software Engineer
13 35 (4.36%) Front-End Developer (Client-Side Developer)
14 28 (3.49%) Developer/Software Engineer
14 28 (3.49%) Finance Manager
15 27 (3.37%) .NET Software Developer
15 27 (3.37%) .NET Software Engineer
16 25 (3.12%) Software Asset Manager
16 25 (3.12%) Software Manager
Libraries, Frameworks & Software Standards
1 201 (25.06%) .NET
2 166 (20.70%) React
3 136 (16.96%) Spring
4 126 (15.71%) REST
5 117 (14.59%) Kafka
6 112 (13.97%) CSS
7 110 (13.72%) .NET Core
8 103 (12.84%) Spring Boot
9 97 (12.09%) HTML
10 89 (11.10%) Node.js
11 76 (9.48%) RESTful
12 70 (8.73%) Web Services
13 67 (8.35%) AngularJS
14 63 (7.86%) Redux
15 44 (5.49%) ASP.NET
16 40 (4.99%) Sass
17 36 (4.49%) .NET Framework
17 36 (4.49%) GraphQL
18 35 (4.36%) Akka
19 34 (4.24%) Laravel
Miscellaneous
1 59 (7.36%) Derivative
2 53 (6.61%) Fixed Income
3 43 (5.36%) Product Ownership
4 41 (5.11%) Self-Motivation
5 40 (4.99%) Foreign Exchange (FX)
6 33 (4.11%) Hedge funds
7 30 (3.74%) Distributed Systems
8 28 (3.49%) Equities
9 21 (2.62%) Algorithms
10 20 (2.49%) Data Structures
11 15 (1.87%) Enterprise Software
12 12 (1.50%) Cloud Native
12 12 (1.50%) Mobile App
13 10 (1.25%) Data Protection Act
14 9 (1.12%) Legacy Systems
15 8 (1.00%) Linux Command Line
15 8 (1.00%) Public Cloud
16 7 (0.87%) Greenfield Project
16 7 (0.87%) Management Information System
16 7 (0.87%) Virtual Team
Operating Systems
1 89 (11.10%) Linux
2 69 (8.60%) Unix
3 23 (2.87%) Mac OS X
4 16 (2.00%) Windows
5 9 (1.12%) Android
6 3 (0.37%) Red Hat Enterprise Linux
7 1 (0.12%) Ubuntu
Processes & Methodologies
1 538 (67.08%) Agile
2 325 (40.52%) DevOps
3 252 (31.42%) CI/CD
4 233 (29.05%) Microservices
5 223 (27.81%) BDD
5 223 (27.81%) Software Engineering
6 209 (26.06%) Test Automation
7 195 (24.31%) Continuous Integration
8 160 (19.95%) Pair Programming
9 140 (17.46%) Full Stack Development
10 137 (17.08%) Scrum
11 134 (16.71%) Unit Testing
12 118 (14.71%) Clean Code
13 95 (11.85%) OO
14 77 (9.60%) Kanban
15 76 (9.48%) Continuous Improvement
16 72 (8.98%) Software Testing
17 68 (8.48%) API Management
18 63 (7.86%) OOD
19 59 (7.36%) Mentoring
Programming Languages
1 270 (33.67%) Java
2 254 (31.67%) C#
3 220 (27.43%) JavaScript
4 175 (21.82%) SQL
5 163 (20.32%) TypeScript
6 118 (14.71%) Python
7 61 (7.61%) Scala
8 60 (7.48%) C++
9 55 (6.86%) Bicep
10 52 (6.48%) PHP
11 48 (5.99%) C
12 23 (2.87%) Kotlin
13 22 (2.74%) Go
14 19 (2.37%) PowerShell
15 16 (2.00%) Shell Script
16 12 (1.50%) Ruby
17 11 (1.37%) Groovy
18 10 (1.25%) Bash
19 9 (1.12%) PL/SQL
20 6 (0.75%) Perl
Qualifications
1 92 (11.47%) Security Cleared
2 79 (9.85%) SC Cleared
3 46 (5.74%) Degree
4 21 (2.62%) Computer Science Degree
5 11 (1.37%) Master's Degree
6 10 (1.25%) ISTQB
7 9 (1.12%) ISTQB Foundation Certification
8 8 (1.00%) DV Cleared
9 4 (0.50%) CTC Cleared
10 3 (0.37%) ISEB
10 3 (0.37%) PMI Certification
10 3 (0.37%) PMP
11 2 (0.25%) Azure Certification
11 2 (0.25%) HNC
11 2 (0.25%) Microsoft Certification
11 2 (0.25%) Numerate Degree
12 1 (0.12%) BPSS Clearance
12 1 (0.12%) SANS
Quality Assurance & Compliance
1 71 (8.85%) Accessibility
1 71 (8.85%) QA
2 22 (2.74%) WCAG
3 10 (1.25%) MiFID
4 5 (0.62%) Data Quality
5 3 (0.37%) PMO
6 2 (0.25%) Disclosure Scotland
6 2 (0.25%) HL7
6 2 (0.25%) PCI DSS
7 1 (0.12%) GDPR
7 1 (0.12%) ISO 20022
7 1 (0.12%) NIST
7 1 (0.12%) SLA
System Software
1 113 (14.09%) Docker
2 49 (6.11%) Active Directory
3 4 (0.50%) zsh
4 1 (0.12%) GridGain
4 1 (0.12%) Hyper-V
4 1 (0.12%) Virtual Desktop
4 1 (0.12%) VMware NSX
Systems Management
1 131 (16.33%) Kubernetes
2 51 (6.36%) Terraform
3 40 (4.99%) Grafana
4 15 (1.87%) Ansible
4 15 (1.87%) Kibana
4 15 (1.87%) Prometheus
5 5 (0.62%) Puppet
5 5 (0.62%) Single Sign-On
6 3 (0.37%) Istio
6 3 (0.37%) logstash
6 3 (0.37%) Netcool
7 2 (0.25%) Progress Chef
8 1 (0.12%) Docker Swarm
8 1 (0.12%) Microsoft Intune
Vendors
1 122 (15.21%) Microsoft
2 49 (6.11%) Oracle
3 18 (2.24%) Google
3 18 (2.24%) Typelevel
4 14 (1.75%) SAP
5 11 (1.37%) Salesforce
6 9 (1.12%) ION Trading
7 8 (1.00%) Atlassian
7 8 (1.00%) Databricks
7 8 (1.00%) Splunk
8 7 (0.87%) NEC
9 5 (0.62%) Adobe
9 5 (0.62%) AppDynamics
9 5 (0.62%) New Relic
9 5 (0.62%) Sitecore
10 4 (0.50%) Optimizely
10 4 (0.50%) TIBCO
11 3 (0.37%) CA Agile Central
11 3 (0.37%) IBM
12 2 (0.25%) Embarcadero