CI/CD
UK

The table below provides summary statistics for permanent job vacancies requiring CI/CD skills. It includes a benchmarking guide to the annual salaries offered in vacancies that cited CI/CD over the 6 months leading up to 9 May 2025, comparing them to the same period in the previous two years.

6 months to
9 May 2025
Same period 2024 Same period 2023
Rank 41 31 25
Rank change year-on-year -10 -6 -7
Permanent jobs citing CI/CD 3,063 6,066 8,509
As % of all permanent jobs advertised in the UK 5.65% 6.12% 8.40%
As % of the Processes & Methodologies category 6.03% 7.15% 8.78%
Number of salaries quoted 2,047 3,252 5,438
10th Percentile £50,000 £44,299 £47,500
25th Percentile £58,000 £55,000 £57,500
Median annual salary (50th Percentile) £72,500 £70,000 £75,000
Median % change year-on-year +3.57% -6.67% +3.45%
75th Percentile £93,778 £87,500 £93,750
90th Percentile £115,000 £105,000 £110,000
UK excluding London median annual salary £67,500 £62,500 £65,000
% change year-on-year +8.00% -3.85% -

All Process and Methodology Skills
UK

CI/CD falls under the Processes and Methodologies category. For comparison with the information above, the following table provides summary statistics for all permanent job vacancies requiring process or methodology skills.

Permanent vacancies with a requirement for process or methodology skills 50,790 84,812 96,895
As % of all permanent jobs advertised in the UK 93.76% 85.58% 95.62%
Number of salaries quoted 26,810 59,843 56,946
10th Percentile £30,000 £29,000 £34,000
25th Percentile £42,500 £40,000 £45,000
Median annual salary (50th Percentile) £57,500 £55,000 £61,180
Median % change year-on-year +4.55% -10.10% +1.97%
75th Percentile £75,000 £72,500 £81,250
90th Percentile £98,474 £92,500 £100,000
UK excluding London median annual salary £52,500 £50,000 £55,000
% change year-on-year +5.00% -9.09% +4.76%

CI/CD
Job Vacancy Trend

Job postings citing CI/CD as a proportion of all IT jobs advertised.

Job vacancy trend for CI/CD in the UK

CI/CD
Salary Trend

3-month moving average salary quoted in jobs citing CI/CD.

Salary trend for CI/CD in the UK

CI/CD
Salary Histogram

Salary distribution for jobs citing CI/CD over the 6 months to 9 May 2025.

Salary histogram for CI/CD in the UK

CI/CD
Top 17 Job Locations

The table below looks at the demand and provides a guide to the median salaries quoted in IT jobs citing CI/CD within the UK over the 6 months to 9 May 2025. The 'Rank Change' column provides an indication of the change in demand within each location based on the same 6 month period last year.

Location Rank Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Matching
Permanent
IT Job Ads
Median Salary
Past 6 Months
Median Salary
% Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Live
Jobs
England +10 2,727 £75,000 +7.14% 3,522
UK excluding London -24 1,678 £67,500 +8.00% 2,350
Work from Home +12 1,389 £72,500 +7.41% 2,200
London +15 1,255 £85,000 - 1,873
North of England -12 502 £69,384 +11.01% 639
South East +11 383 £65,000 +1.56% 830
North West -30 310 £70,000 +12.00% 392
Midlands +6 235 £65,000 +4.00% 261
Scotland -31 205 £66,000 +1.54% 135
South West +6 199 £68,525 +5.42% 250
West Midlands +3 163 £62,500 -3.85% 157
Yorkshire +23 160 £70,000 +7.69% 191
East of England +52 119 £65,000 +4.00% 177
East Midlands +13 72 £65,000 +8.33% 93
Wales +4 40 £65,000 +18.18% 57
North East +14 32 £65,000 +3.17% 59
Northern Ireland +41 14 £55,000 -10.20% 60

CI/CD
Co-occurring Skills and Capabilities by Category

The follow tables expand on the table above by listing co-occurrences grouped by category. The same employment type, locality and period is covered with up to 20 co-occurrences shown in each of the following categories:

Application Platforms
1 251 (8.19%) Confluence
2 140 (4.57%) Apache Spark
3 111 (3.62%) Apache Airflow
4 108 (3.53%) Apache
5 37 (1.21%) SharePoint
6 31 (1.01%) nginx
7 30 (0.98%) CMS
8 15 (0.49%) Tomcat
9 14 (0.46%) Headless CMS
10 13 (0.42%) Apache Solr
10 13 (0.42%) OpenStack
11 11 (0.36%) Microsoft Exchange
12 8 (0.26%) IIS
12 8 (0.26%) SAS
13 5 (0.16%) CICS
13 5 (0.16%) Luigi
13 5 (0.16%) Oracle SOA Suite
14 4 (0.13%) Cloud Foundry
14 4 (0.13%) Ethereum
14 4 (0.13%) GemFire
Applications
1 11 (0.36%) Maya
2 9 (0.29%) Microsoft Excel
3 6 (0.20%) Chatbot
4 4 (0.13%) MS Visio
5 3 (0.098%) Microsoft Office
5 3 (0.098%) Microsoft Project
6 2 (0.065%) Adobe XD
6 2 (0.065%) Simulink
6 2 (0.065%) Sketch
6 2 (0.065%) S-PLUS
7 1 (0.033%) AutoCAD
7 1 (0.033%) Microsoft PowerPoint
7 1 (0.033%) Revit
7 1 (0.033%) Trello
Business Applications
1 41 (1.34%) Dynamics CRM
2 16 (0.52%) Oracle EBS
3 6 (0.20%) Oracle BPM
4 5 (0.16%) Payment Gateway
5 4 (0.13%) Remedy ITSM
5 4 (0.13%) Sparx Enterprise Architect
6 3 (0.098%) Endur
6 3 (0.098%) Fidessa
6 3 (0.098%) SAP CX
7 2 (0.065%) Cloudability
7 2 (0.065%) Oracle Subledger Accounting
7 2 (0.065%) SAP S/4HANA
7 2 (0.065%) Sprinklr
8 1 (0.033%) Dynamics NAV
8 1 (0.033%) Magento
8 1 (0.033%) SAP Hybris
8 1 (0.033%) SAP IBP
8 1 (0.033%) SAP MM
8 1 (0.033%) SAP PP
8 1 (0.033%) SAP SD
Cloud Services
1 1,612 (52.63%) Azure
2 1,489 (48.61%) AWS
3 669 (21.84%) GCP
4 464 (15.15%) Azure DevOps
5 421 (13.74%) Serverless
6 321 (10.48%) GitHub
7 258 (8.42%) AWS Lambda
8 212 (6.92%) SaaS
9 195 (6.37%) AWS CloudFormation
10 176 (5.75%) Amazon ECS
11 165 (5.39%) Amazon S3
12 164 (5.35%) Power Platform
13 162 (5.29%) GitHub Actions
14 148 (4.83%) Amazon EKS
15 146 (4.77%) PaaS
16 128 (4.18%) Amazon EC2
17 125 (4.08%) dbt
18 106 (3.46%) Azure Data Factory
19 100 (3.26%) Azure Monitor
20 99 (3.23%) Azure Synapse Analytics
Communications & Networking
1 92 (3.00%) Firewall
2 66 (2.15%) Network Security
3 62 (2.02%) DNS
4 61 (1.99%) VPN
5 50 (1.63%) TCP/IP
6 31 (1.01%) HTTP
7 26 (0.85%) WAN
8 20 (0.65%) Internet
9 18 (0.59%) SD-WAN
10 14 (0.46%) Modbus
10 14 (0.46%) MQTT
11 12 (0.39%) Intrusion Detection
12 11 (0.36%) HTTPS
13 10 (0.33%) IPsec
14 8 (0.26%) SAN
14 8 (0.26%) SSL
15 7 (0.23%) 3GPP
15 7 (0.23%) 5G
16 6 (0.20%) Multicast
16 6 (0.20%) SMS
Database & Business Intelligence
1 412 (13.45%) SQL Server
2 242 (7.90%) NoSQL
3 222 (7.25%) PostgreSQL
4 157 (5.13%) Relational Database
5 156 (5.09%) MySQL
6 126 (4.11%) MongoDB
7 115 (3.75%) Power BI
8 105 (3.43%) Data Lake
9 101 (3.30%) Data Warehouse
10 99 (3.23%) Amazon RDS
11 97 (3.17%) Elasticsearch
12 93 (3.04%) Amazon Athena
13 75 (2.45%) Apache Ignite
13 75 (2.45%) Big Data
14 73 (2.38%) Amazon Redshift
15 71 (2.32%) Apache Arrow
15 71 (2.32%) Apache Iceberg
15 71 (2.32%) Dremio
16 69 (2.25%) Azure SQL Database
17 62 (2.02%) BigQuery
Development Applications
1 541 (17.66%) Git
2 436 (14.23%) GitLab
3 421 (13.74%) Jenkins
4 405 (13.22%) JIRA
5 315 (10.28%) Selenium
6 282 (9.21%) Bitbucket
7 279 (9.11%) SonarQube
8 277 (9.04%) Maven
9 270 (8.81%) Cucumber
10 265 (8.65%) Sonatype Nexus
11 114 (3.72%) JUnit
12 97 (3.17%) Artifactory
13 62 (2.02%) Postman
14 56 (1.83%) JMeter
15 52 (1.70%) Cypress.io
16 48 (1.57%) Mockito
16 48 (1.57%) TeamCity
17 42 (1.37%) CircleCI
17 42 (1.37%) Visual Studio
18 40 (1.31%) webpack
General
1 1,061 (34.64%) Finance
2 762 (24.88%) Social Skills
3 499 (16.29%) Banking
4 365 (11.92%) Inclusion and Diversity
5 290 (9.47%) Analytical Skills
6 143 (4.67%) Front Office
6 143 (4.67%) Law
7 139 (4.54%) Public Sector
8 136 (4.44%) Retail
9 103 (3.36%) Marketing
10 77 (2.51%) Investment Banking
11 54 (1.76%) Corporate Banking
12 51 (1.67%) Manufacturing
13 50 (1.63%) Games
14 48 (1.57%) Telecoms
15 39 (1.27%) Financial Institution
16 35 (1.14%) Legal
17 30 (0.98%) Advertising
18 28 (0.91%) Presentation Skills
19 27 (0.88%) Tech for Good
Job Titles
1 744 (24.29%) Senior
2 649 (21.19%) Developer
3 592 (19.33%) Software Engineer
4 406 (13.25%) Lead
5 353 (11.52%) DevOps Engineer
6 225 (7.35%) Data Engineer
7 201 (6.56%) Architect
8 188 (6.14%) AWS Engineer
9 183 (5.97%) Senior Developer
10 177 (5.78%) Cloud Engineer
11 173 (5.65%) Senior Software Engineer
12 162 (5.29%) AWS DevOps
13 149 (4.86%) Azure Engineer
14 143 (4.67%) Python Engineer
15 137 (4.47%) AWS DevOps Engineer
16 117 (3.82%) Platform Engineer
17 98 (3.20%) Software Developer
18 96 (3.13%) Full-Stack Developer
19 92 (3.00%) Java Developer
19 92 (3.00%) Senior DevOps
Libraries, Frameworks & Software Standards
1 642 (20.96%) React
2 502 (16.39%) .NET
3 466 (15.21%) Kafka
4 397 (12.96%) Spring Boot
5 393 (12.83%) Spring
6 366 (11.95%) HTML
7 365 (11.92%) CSS
8 336 (10.97%) RESTful
9 323 (10.55%) REST
10 273 (8.91%) Node.js
11 241 (7.87%) Redux
12 217 (7.08%) JPA
13 214 (6.99%) Hibernate
14 174 (5.68%) AngularJS
15 125 (4.08%) Jest
16 116 (3.79%) .NET Core
16 116 (3.79%) PySpark
17 111 (3.62%) .NET Framework
18 98 (3.20%) HTML5
19 96 (3.13%) Web Services
Miscellaneous
1 372 (12.14%) Product Ownership
2 282 (9.21%) Cloud Native
3 273 (8.91%) Enterprise Software
4 146 (4.77%) Distributed Systems
5 130 (4.24%) Public Cloud
6 127 (4.15%) Management Information System
7 104 (3.40%) Mobile App
8 68 (2.22%) Algorithms
9 55 (1.80%) Security Posture
10 54 (1.76%) Virtual Team
11 52 (1.70%) Greenfield Project
12 49 (1.60%) Cyberattack
13 47 (1.53%) Legacy Systems
14 41 (1.34%) Hybrid Cloud
15 40 (1.31%) Data Centre
16 39 (1.27%) Data Structures
17 35 (1.14%) Private Cloud
18 30 (0.98%) Onboarding
19 29 (0.95%) IoT
20 25 (0.82%) Reinsurance
Operating Systems
1 436 (14.23%) Linux
2 190 (6.20%) Windows
3 115 (3.75%) Android
4 81 (2.64%) Unix
5 57 (1.86%) Apple iOS
6 47 (1.53%) Windows Server
7 31 (1.01%) Red Hat Enterprise Linux
8 20 (0.65%) CentOS
9 15 (0.49%) VMS
9 15 (0.49%) zOS
10 12 (0.39%) Solaris
11 10 (0.33%) Embedded Linux
11 10 (0.33%) Ubuntu
12 6 (0.20%) Debian
13 5 (0.16%) Windows Server 2008
13 5 (0.16%) Windows Server 2012
13 5 (0.16%) Windows Server 2016
13 5 (0.16%) Windows Server 2019
14 3 (0.098%) Rocky
15 2 (0.065%) CoreOS
Processes & Methodologies
1 1,897 (61.93%) DevOps
2 1,602 (52.30%) Agile
3 1,074 (35.06%) Software Engineering
4 842 (27.49%) Containerisation
5 782 (25.53%) Microservices
6 699 (22.82%) Test Automation
7 637 (20.80%) Infrastructure as Code
8 586 (19.13%) Problem-Solving
9 536 (17.50%) Mentoring
10 483 (15.77%) Full-Stack Development
11 474 (15.48%) SDLC
12 458 (14.95%) Continuous Improvement
13 441 (14.40%) TDD
14 370 (12.08%) Continuous Integration
15 325 (10.61%) Front End Development
16 322 (10.51%) Analytics
17 311 (10.15%) Performance Optimisation
18 296 (9.66%) Computer Science
19 294 (9.60%) Scrum
20 276 (9.01%) Clean Code
Programming Languages
1 1,112 (36.30%) Python
2 931 (30.40%) Java
3 835 (27.26%) SQL
4 793 (25.89%) JavaScript
5 508 (16.59%) C#
6 400 (13.06%) TypeScript
7 267 (8.72%) PowerShell
8 252 (8.23%) Go
9 193 (6.30%) Bash
10 130 (4.24%) C++
11 117 (3.82%) Rust
12 101 (3.30%) Bicep
13 64 (2.09%) PHP
14 50 (1.63%) Scala
15 43 (1.40%) Ruby
16 36 (1.18%) C
16 36 (1.18%) Kotlin
17 34 (1.11%) Shell Script
18 33 (1.08%) T-SQL
19 32 (1.04%) Swift
Qualifications
1 421 (13.74%) Degree
2 297 (9.70%) Security Cleared
3 188 (6.14%) Computer Science Degree
4 177 (5.78%) SC Cleared
5 133 (4.34%) Azure Certification
6 106 (3.46%) AWS Certification
7 92 (3.00%) Master's Degree
8 91 (2.97%) DV Cleared
9 50 (1.63%) AWS Certified Solutions Architect
10 41 (1.34%) BPSS Clearance
11 37 (1.21%) ISTQB
12 35 (1.14%) Microsoft Certification
13 23 (0.75%) Cisco Certification
14 21 (0.69%) DBS Check
15 20 (0.65%) PhD
16 19 (0.62%) CISSP
17 17 (0.56%) ISTQB Foundation Certification
18 16 (0.52%) (ISC)2 CCSP
18 16 (0.52%) TOGAF Certification
19 12 (0.39%) CCSP
Quality Assurance & Compliance
1 415 (13.55%) QA
2 127 (4.15%) GDPR
3 124 (4.05%) Accessibility
4 89 (2.91%) ISO/IEC 27001
5 88 (2.87%) Data Quality
6 67 (2.19%) NIST
7 51 (1.67%) Sarbanes-Oxley
8 47 (1.53%) HIPAA
9 36 (1.18%) PCI DSS
10 25 (0.82%) NCSC
11 24 (0.78%) SOC 2
12 12 (0.39%) COBIT
13 9 (0.29%) SLA
14 8 (0.26%) Basel III
14 8 (0.26%) Cyber Essentials
14 8 (0.26%) IFRS
14 8 (0.26%) IFRS 9
15 7 (0.23%) Basel II
15 7 (0.23%) Dodd-Frank
16 6 (0.20%) California Consumer Privacy Act
System Software
1 1,141 (37.25%) Docker
2 54 (1.76%) Virtual Machines
3 49 (1.60%) Active Directory
4 46 (1.50%) VMware Infrastructure
5 14 (0.46%) Firmware
5 14 (0.46%) Hyper-V
6 12 (0.39%) vSphere
7 11 (0.36%) Virtual Desktop
8 9 (0.29%) Embedded Firmware
8 9 (0.29%) VMware ESXi
9 6 (0.20%) HDFS
10 5 (0.16%) Apache Flume
11 3 (0.098%) Dovecot
11 3 (0.098%) KVM
11 3 (0.098%) Postfix
11 3 (0.098%) Veritas Cluster Server
11 3 (0.098%) Xen
12 2 (0.065%) RACF
12 2 (0.065%) SRDF
12 2 (0.065%) VMware NSX
Systems Management
1 1,236 (40.35%) Kubernetes
2 869 (28.37%) Terraform
3 412 (13.45%) Ansible
4 124 (4.05%) Grafana
5 115 (3.75%) Prometheus
6 69 (2.25%) Progress Chef
7 67 (2.19%) Puppet
8 34 (1.11%) Microsoft Intune
9 33 (1.08%) Kibana
10 27 (0.88%) Argo
11 26 (0.85%) Istio
12 21 (0.69%) Podman
12 21 (0.69%) Single Sign-On
13 18 (0.59%) SCCM
14 15 (0.49%) Packer
15 12 (0.39%) CASB
16 11 (0.36%) AWS Copilot
16 11 (0.36%) Kustomize
17 10 (0.33%) Nagios
18 8 (0.26%) Red Hat Satellite
Vendors
1 428 (13.97%) Microsoft
2 216 (7.05%) Solace
3 189 (6.17%) Google
4 185 (6.04%) Databricks
5 114 (3.72%) Oracle
6 76 (2.48%) VMware
7 72 (2.35%) Salesforce
8 60 (1.96%) ServiceNow
9 59 (1.93%) Atlassian
10 55 (1.80%) Red Hat
10 55 (1.80%) Splunk
11 42 (1.37%) IBM
12 40 (1.31%) SAP
13 31 (1.01%) MuleSoft
14 30 (0.98%) Dynatrace
15 26 (0.85%) Informatica
16 22 (0.72%) Adobe
16 22 (0.72%) Salesforce Marketing Cloud
17 18 (0.59%) New Relic
17 18 (0.59%) Palo Alto