CSS (Cascading Style Sheets)
UK

The following table provides summary statistics for permanent job vacancies with a requirement for CSS skills. Included is a benchmarking guide to the salaries offered in vacancies that have cited CSS over the 6 months to 8 May 2024 with a comparison to the same period in the previous 2 years.

6 months to
8 May 2024
Same period 2023 Same period 2022
Rank 57 43 36
Rank change year-on-year -14 -7 -12
Permanent jobs citing CSS 4,125 6,466 13,295
As % of all permanent jobs advertised in the UK 4.16% 6.37% 8.45%
As % of the Libraries, Frameworks & Software Standards category 19.55% 21.11% 20.74%
Number of salaries quoted 2,896 3,263 5,990
10th Percentile £31,500 £37,000 £32,500
25th Percentile £38,750 £44,546 £40,000
Median annual salary (50th Percentile) £52,500 £57,052 £55,000
Median % change year-on-year -7.98% +3.73% +10.00%
75th Percentile £68,750 £75,294 £70,000
90th Percentile £80,000 £92,500 £87,500
UK excluding London median annual salary £50,000 £52,500 £48,500
% change year-on-year -4.76% +8.25% +7.78%

All Software Libraries and Frameworks
UK

CSS is in the Software Libraries and Frameworks category. The following table is for comparison with the above and provides summary statistics for all permanent job vacancies with a requirement for technical specification, industry standards, software libraries and framework skills.

Permanent vacancies with a requirement for technical specification, industry standards, software libraries and framework skills 21,097 30,626 64,106
As % of all permanent jobs advertised in the UK 21.27% 30.16% 40.72%
Number of salaries quoted 15,763 18,846 30,127
10th Percentile £36,250 £41,000 £37,500
25th Percentile £45,000 £50,000 £47,500
Median annual salary (50th Percentile) £60,000 £67,500 £62,750
Median % change year-on-year -11.11% +7.57% +14.09%
75th Percentile £78,750 £87,500 £82,500
90th Percentile £100,000 £106,250 £100,000
UK excluding London median annual salary £55,000 £57,500 £55,000
% change year-on-year -4.35% +4.55% +10.00%

CSS
Job Vacancy Trend

Job postings citing CSS as a proportion of all IT jobs advertised.

Job vacancy trend for CSS in the UK

CSS
Salary Trend

3-month moving average salary quoted in jobs citing CSS.

Salary trend for CSS in the UK

CSS
Salary Histogram

Salary distribution for jobs citing CSS over the 6 months to 8 May 2024.

Salary histogram for CSS in the UK

CSS
Top 17 Job Locations

The table below looks at the demand and provides a guide to the median salaries quoted in IT jobs citing CSS within the UK over the 6 months to 8 May 2024. The 'Rank Change' column provides an indication of the change in demand within each location based on the same 6 month period last year.

Location Rank Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Matching
Permanent
IT Job Ads
Median Salary
Past 6 Months
Median Salary
% Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Live
Jobs
England -17 3,385 £52,500 -8.70% 932
UK excluding London -19 3,225 £50,000 -4.76% 674
Work from Home -1 1,691 £55,000 -0.75% 470
North of England -16 764 £47,500 -8.65% 185
London -37 756 £70,000 - 309
South East -23 712 £55,000 +4.76% 116
North West -15 500 £50,000 -0.47% 115
Midlands -23 442 £46,000 -16.36% 156
South West +22 430 £50,000 +5.26% 89
Scotland -7 427 £60,000 +14.29% 39
East of England +4 283 £50,000 -9.09% 66
East Midlands +8 231 £45,000 -14.69% 64
West Midlands -49 206 £47,500 -13.64% 91
Yorkshire -13 204 £45,000 -11.76% 53
Wales +7 104 £50,000 +11.11% 22
Northern Ireland +16 63 £45,000 -14.29% 12
North East -6 60 £42,500 -22.73% 18

CSS
Co-occurring Skills and Capabilities by Category

The follow tables expand on the table above by listing co-occurrences grouped by category. The same employment type, locality and period is covered with up to 20 co-occurrences shown in each of the following categories:

Application Platforms
1 291 (7.05%) ArcGIS
2 282 (6.84%) GeoServer
3 243 (5.89%) WordPress
4 230 (5.58%) CMS
5 86 (2.08%) SharePoint
6 70 (1.70%) IIS
7 53 (1.28%) FileNet
8 52 (1.26%) Drupal
9 46 (1.12%) Umbraco
10 39 (0.95%) Apache
11 35 (0.85%) nginx
12 25 (0.61%) SAS
13 20 (0.48%) Cloud Foundry
14 19 (0.46%) Confluence
15 15 (0.36%) Apache Solr
16 12 (0.29%) Headless CMS
17 11 (0.27%) Microsoft Exchange
18 10 (0.24%) Sitecore CMS
19 8 (0.19%) Moodle
20 7 (0.17%) Joomla!
Applications
1 62 (1.50%) Photoshop
2 47 (1.14%) Adobe XD
3 34 (0.82%) Microsoft Excel
4 32 (0.78%) Adobe Illustrator
4 32 (0.78%) Microsoft Office
5 30 (0.73%) Adobe Creative Suite
6 25 (0.61%) Sketch
7 12 (0.29%) InVision
8 9 (0.22%) Trello
9 8 (0.19%) Adobe After Effects
10 7 (0.17%) Acrobat
10 7 (0.17%) InDesign
10 7 (0.17%) Microsoft PowerPoint
11 5 (0.12%) Adobe Premiere
12 4 (0.097%) SPSS
13 3 (0.073%) Final Cut Pro
13 3 (0.073%) Spreadsheet
13 3 (0.073%) UserZoom
14 2 (0.048%) FileZilla
15 1 (0.024%) SketchUp
Business Applications
1 65 (1.58%) Magento
2 52 (1.26%) Shopify
3 38 (0.92%) Dynamics CRM
4 27 (0.65%) SDL Web 8
5 23 (0.56%) Remedy ITSM
6 20 (0.48%) Payment Gateway
7 11 (0.27%) Salesforce CRM
8 6 (0.15%) SAP PLM
8 6 (0.15%) Teamcenter
9 5 (0.12%) NetSuite
10 3 (0.073%) Maximo
10 3 (0.073%) Sage 200
10 3 (0.073%) SAP Business One
11 2 (0.048%) CiviCRM
11 2 (0.048%) nopCommerce
11 2 (0.048%) SAP GRC
12 1 (0.024%) Dynamics NAV
12 1 (0.024%) Sage 50
12 1 (0.024%) Towers Watson Igloo
Cloud Services
1 1,563 (37.89%) Azure
2 857 (20.78%) AWS
3 409 (9.92%) Azure DevOps
4 238 (5.77%) IBM Cloud
5 209 (5.07%) Serverless
6 174 (4.22%) SaaS
7 158 (3.83%) Azure Functions
8 150 (3.64%) Azure Service Bus
9 143 (3.47%) Azure Logic Apps
9 143 (3.47%) GitHub
10 129 (3.13%) Power Platform
11 125 (3.03%) Azure API Management
12 90 (2.18%) Figma
13 88 (2.13%) GCP
14 84 (2.04%) Amazon S3
15 65 (1.58%) Power Automate
16 59 (1.43%) PowerApps
17 57 (1.38%) Dynamics 365
17 57 (1.38%) Google Analytics
18 53 (1.28%) Microsoft 365
Communications & Networking
1 80 (1.94%) Internet
2 56 (1.36%) HTTP
2 56 (1.36%) TCP/IP
3 51 (1.24%) DNS
4 38 (0.92%) SSL
5 23 (0.56%) MQTT
6 22 (0.53%) Firewall
7 17 (0.41%) SSH
8 16 (0.39%) SNMP
9 15 (0.36%) VPN
10 14 (0.34%) Network Security
11 13 (0.32%) Modbus
12 8 (0.19%) Intranet
13 7 (0.17%) OpenVPN
14 6 (0.15%) Wi-Fi
15 5 (0.12%) FTP
15 5 (0.12%) Reverse Proxy
15 5 (0.12%) VoIP
16 4 (0.097%) Broadband
16 4 (0.097%) SMS
Database & Business Intelligence
1 804 (19.49%) SQL Server
2 694 (16.82%) PostgreSQL
3 474 (11.49%) MySQL
4 428 (10.38%) NoSQL
5 334 (8.10%) MongoDB
6 332 (8.05%) Relational Database
7 312 (7.56%) GIS
8 282 (6.84%) QGIS
9 240 (5.82%) DB2
10 186 (4.51%) Azure SQL Database
11 108 (2.62%) Elasticsearch
12 82 (1.99%) Power BI
13 55 (1.33%) Apache Cassandra
14 42 (1.02%) Redis
15 35 (0.85%) Tableau
16 26 (0.63%) Looker
17 23 (0.56%) Oracle Database
18 22 (0.53%) DynamoDB
18 22 (0.53%) Geospatial Data
18 22 (0.53%) SQL Server Reporting Services
Development Applications
1 791 (19.18%) Git
2 198 (4.80%) JIRA
3 177 (4.29%) Visual Studio
4 141 (3.42%) JUnit
5 138 (3.35%) Cypress.io
6 109 (2.64%) Selenium
7 95 (2.30%) Jasmine
8 81 (1.96%) Karma Test Runner
9 68 (1.65%) GitLab
10 65 (1.58%) WebDriver
11 62 (1.50%) Jenkins
11 62 (1.50%) Protractor
11 62 (1.50%) webpack
12 56 (1.36%) Bitbucket
13 50 (1.21%) Visual Studio Code
14 47 (1.14%) gulp
14 47 (1.14%) Team Foundation Server
15 44 (1.07%) NUnit
16 43 (1.04%) TeamCity
17 42 (1.02%) Moq
General
1 796 (19.30%) Social Skills
2 572 (13.87%) Finance
3 468 (11.35%) Inclusion and Diversity
4 447 (10.84%) Marketing
5 341 (8.27%) Public Sector
6 312 (7.56%) Law
7 190 (4.61%) Banking
8 181 (4.39%) Analytical Skills
9 170 (4.12%) Retail
10 102 (2.47%) Investment Banking
10 102 (2.47%) Legal
11 81 (1.96%) Advertising
12 64 (1.55%) Games
13 52 (1.26%) Manufacturing
14 45 (1.09%) Telecoms
15 42 (1.02%) Organisational Skills
16 31 (0.75%) Electronics
17 27 (0.65%) Presentation Skills
18 26 (0.63%) Back Office
18 26 (0.63%) Tech for Good
Job Titles
1 2,641 (64.02%) Developer
2 900 (21.82%) Senior
3 704 (17.07%) Software Engineer
4 550 (13.33%) .NET Developer
5 517 (12.53%) Full Stack Developer
6 488 (11.83%) Senior Developer
7 337 (8.17%) Lead
8 305 (7.39%) Software Developer
9 296 (7.18%) Front-End Developer (Client-Side Developer)
9 296 (7.18%) PHP Developer
10 280 (6.79%) Senior Software Engineer
11 253 (6.13%) C# Developer
12 242 (5.87%) Full Stack Engineer
13 224 (5.43%) Web Developer
14 174 (4.22%) Azure Developer
15 168 (4.07%) C# .NET Developer
16 134 (3.25%) Lead Software Engineer
16 134 (3.25%) React Developer
17 126 (3.05%) Lead Developer
18 117 (2.84%) Java Engineer
Libraries, Frameworks & Software Standards
1 3,525 (85.45%) HTML
2 1,844 (44.70%) .NET
3 1,726 (41.84%) React
4 1,088 (26.38%) AngularJS
5 942 (22.84%) jQuery
6 924 (22.40%) ASP.NET
7 826 (20.02%) .NET Core
8 781 (18.93%) HTML5
9 698 (16.92%) Vue
10 641 (15.54%) Twitter Bootstrap
11 627 (15.20%) Node.js
12 579 (14.04%) CSS3
13 572 (13.87%) Web Services
14 569 (13.79%) REST
15 436 (10.57%) Entity Framework
16 423 (10.25%) .NET Framework
17 383 (9.28%) RESTful
18 380 (9.21%) ASP.NET MVC
19 366 (8.87%) JSON
20 355 (8.61%) Laravel
Miscellaneous
1 375 (9.09%) Data Structures
2 343 (8.32%) Algorithms
3 248 (6.01%) Blockchain
4 238 (5.77%) Hybrid Cloud
5 165 (4.00%) Greenfield Project
6 139 (3.37%) Cloud Native
7 128 (3.10%) Mobile App
8 122 (2.96%) Self-Motivation
9 119 (2.88%) e-Learning
10 114 (2.76%) Product Ownership
11 61 (1.48%) CMDB
12 60 (1.45%) Onboarding
13 50 (1.21%) Public Cloud
14 48 (1.16%) Legacy Systems
15 45 (1.09%) IoT
16 40 (0.97%) Enterprise Software
16 40 (0.97%) Management Information System
17 39 (0.95%) Social Media
17 39 (0.95%) Virtual Team
18 36 (0.87%) Graphic Design
Operating Systems
1 450 (10.91%) Linux
2 399 (9.67%) Windows
3 298 (7.22%) Android
4 289 (7.01%) Apple iOS
5 22 (0.53%) Unix
6 12 (0.29%) Windows Server
7 9 (0.22%) Ubuntu
8 7 (0.17%) CentOS
8 7 (0.17%) Mac OS
9 6 (0.15%) Red Hat Enterprise Linux
10 4 (0.097%) AIX
10 4 (0.097%) VMS
11 2 (0.048%) Mac OS X
Processes & Methodologies
1 1,721 (41.72%) Agile
2 1,313 (31.83%) Full Stack Development
3 1,183 (28.68%) Web Development
4 995 (24.12%) DevOps
5 988 (23.95%) Software Engineering
6 953 (23.10%) MVC
7 811 (19.66%) User Experience
8 744 (18.04%) Problem-Solving
9 614 (14.88%) Front End Development
10 526 (12.75%) Artificial Intelligence
11 471 (11.42%) OO
11 471 (11.42%) OOP
12 452 (10.96%) CI/CD
13 447 (10.84%) Design Patterns
14 440 (10.67%) TDD
15 432 (10.47%) Mentoring
16 396 (9.60%) Computer Science
17 355 (8.61%) Responsive Web Design
18 353 (8.56%) E-Commerce
19 333 (8.07%) SOLID
Programming Languages
1 3,448 (83.59%) JavaScript
2 1,816 (44.02%) C#
3 1,382 (33.50%) SQL
4 799 (19.37%) TypeScript
5 713 (17.28%) PHP
6 711 (17.24%) Python
7 643 (15.59%) Java
8 185 (4.48%) T-SQL
9 65 (1.58%) PowerShell
10 56 (1.36%) C++
11 50 (1.21%) Go
12 46 (1.12%) C
13 44 (1.07%) VB.NET
14 43 (1.04%) Ruby
15 28 (0.68%) Kotlin
16 24 (0.58%) PL/SQL
17 23 (0.56%) Objective-C
17 23 (0.56%) VBA
17 23 (0.56%) XAML
18 21 (0.51%) XPath
Qualifications
1 603 (14.62%) Degree
2 364 (8.82%) Security Cleared
3 331 (8.02%) SC Cleared
4 206 (4.99%) Computer Science Degree
5 60 (1.45%) Microsoft Certification
6 27 (0.65%) BPSS Clearance
7 21 (0.51%) CTC Cleared
7 21 (0.51%) DBS Check
8 20 (0.48%) Master's Degree
9 12 (0.29%) Postgraduate
10 9 (0.22%) Azure Certification
11 6 (0.15%) HND
11 6 (0.15%) ITIL Foundation Certificate
12 4 (0.097%) ISEB
12 4 (0.097%) ISTQB
12 4 (0.097%) PMI Certification
13 3 (0.073%) AWS Certification
13 3 (0.073%) MCPD
13 3 (0.073%) MCT
14 2 (0.048%) DV Cleared
Quality Assurance & Compliance
1 223 (5.41%) Accessibility
2 173 (4.19%) QA
3 74 (1.79%) WCAG
4 31 (0.75%) PMO
5 26 (0.63%) GDPR
6 24 (0.58%) SLA
7 18 (0.44%) WAI
8 5 (0.12%) ISO/IEC 27001
9 4 (0.097%) GRC
9 4 (0.097%) ISO 9001
10 3 (0.073%) Data Quality
10 3 (0.073%) HIPAA
10 3 (0.073%) MiFID
10 3 (0.073%) PCI DSS
11 2 (0.048%) Cyber Essentials
11 2 (0.048%) HL7
12 1 (0.024%) ISO 13485
12 1 (0.024%) NIST
System Software
1 249 (6.04%) Docker
2 23 (0.56%) Active Directory
3 15 (0.36%) Firmware
4 5 (0.12%) VMware Infrastructure
5 4 (0.097%) Virtual Desktop
6 2 (0.048%) Terminal Services
7 1 (0.024%) NFS
7 1 (0.024%) Varnish
Systems Management
1 207 (5.02%) Kubernetes
2 40 (0.97%) Terraform
3 24 (0.58%) Single Sign-On
4 13 (0.32%) WMI
5 10 (0.24%) MIIS
6 7 (0.17%) Ansible
6 7 (0.17%) cPanel
6 7 (0.17%) HP UCMDB
7 4 (0.097%) Active Directory Federation Services
7 4 (0.097%) Nagios
7 4 (0.097%) Progress Chef
7 4 (0.097%) Puppet
8 3 (0.073%) Galera Cluster
8 3 (0.073%) logstash
9 2 (0.048%) Istio
9 2 (0.048%) Plesk
9 2 (0.048%) RSA Archer
10 1 (0.024%) Kibana
10 1 (0.024%) systemd
10 1 (0.024%) TeamSite
Vendors
1 553 (13.41%) Microsoft
2 292 (7.08%) ESRI
3 242 (5.87%) Red Hat
4 238 (5.77%) IBM
5 221 (5.36%) Oracle
6 161 (3.90%) Adobe
7 127 (3.08%) Google
8 65 (1.58%) ServiceNow
9 52 (1.26%) Facebook
10 49 (1.19%) Salesforce
10 49 (1.19%) WooCommerce
11 43 (1.04%) SAP
12 40 (0.97%) Atlassian
13 33 (0.80%) Xamarin
14 26 (0.63%) HP
15 23 (0.56%) BMC
15 23 (0.56%) Remedy
16 21 (0.51%) Splunk
17 20 (0.48%) OpenAI
18 16 (0.39%) F5