Large Language Model (LLM)
UK

The following table provides summary statistics for permanent job vacancies with a requirement for LLM skills. Included is a benchmarking guide to the salaries offered in vacancies that have cited LLM over the 6 months to 18 May 2024 with a comparison to the same period in the previous 2 years.

6 months to
18 May 2024
Same period 2023 Same period 2022
Rank 705 971 -
Rank change year-on-year +266 - -
Permanent jobs citing LLM 187 6 0
As % of all permanent jobs advertised in the UK 0.19% 0.006% -
As % of the Processes & Methodologies category 0.22% 0.006% -
Number of salaries quoted 109 4 0
10th Percentile £46,306 - -
25th Percentile £51,250 £82,500 -
Median annual salary (50th Percentile) £75,000 £87,500 -
Median % change year-on-year -14.29% - -
75th Percentile £96,539 £101,875 -
90th Percentile £120,500 £114,250 -
UK excluding London median annual salary £70,576 £90,000 -
% change year-on-year -21.58% - -

All Process and Methodology Skills
UK

LLM is in the Processes and Methodologies category. The following table is for comparison with the above and provides summary statistics for all permanent job vacancies with a requirement for process or methodology skills.

Permanent vacancies with a requirement for process or methodology skills 85,135 94,784 153,905
As % of all permanent jobs advertised in the UK 85.22% 95.58% 95.76%
Number of salaries quoted 59,872 55,911 82,488
10th Percentile £29,089 £34,000 £33,635
25th Percentile £40,000 £45,000 £43,750
Median annual salary (50th Percentile) £55,000 £61,180 £60,000
Median % change year-on-year -10.10% +1.97% +9.09%
75th Percentile £72,500 £81,250 £80,000
90th Percentile £92,500 £100,000 £96,250
UK excluding London median annual salary £50,000 £55,000 £52,500
% change year-on-year -9.09% +4.76% +9.38%

LLM
Job Vacancy Trend

Job postings citing LLM as a proportion of all IT jobs advertised.

Job vacancy trend for LLM in the UK

LLM
Salary Trend

3-month moving average salary quoted in jobs citing LLM.

Salary trend for LLM in the UK

LLM
Salary Histogram

Salary distribution for jobs citing LLM over the 6 months to 18 May 2024.

Salary histogram for LLM in the UK

LLM
Top 13 Job Locations

The table below looks at the demand and provides a guide to the median salaries quoted in IT jobs citing LLM within the UK over the 6 months to 18 May 2024. The 'Rank Change' column provides an indication of the change in demand within each location based on the same 6 month period last year.

Location Rank Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Matching
Permanent
IT Job Ads
Median Salary
Past 6 Months
Median Salary
% Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Live
Jobs
England +226 143 £80,000 -8.57% 189
UK excluding London +53 85 £70,576 -21.58% 77
London +190 83 £87,500 +2.94% 143
Work from Home +127 55 £70,576 -31.15% 96
Scotland - 28 £70,576 - 2
South West -6 21 £57,500 -36.11% 5
South East +19 18 £65,000 - 53
North of England - 16 £77,788 - 9
Yorkshire - 8 £77,788 -
North West - 8 - - 7
West Midlands - 1 £75,000 - 1
Midlands - 1 £75,000 - 2
East of England - 1 £95,000 - 8

LLM
Co-occurring Skills and Capabilities by Category

The follow tables expand on the table above by listing co-occurrences grouped by category. The same employment type, locality and period is covered with up to 20 co-occurrences shown in each of the following categories:

Application Platforms
1 8 (4.28%) Apache Spark
2 6 (3.21%) SAS
3 3 (1.60%) Apache Airflow
4 1 (0.53%) Confluence
4 1 (0.53%) Drupal
Applications
1 1 (0.53%) Chatbot
Cloud Services
1 65 (34.76%) AWS
2 63 (33.69%) Azure
3 38 (20.32%) GCP
4 16 (8.56%) Power Platform
5 13 (6.95%) GitHub
6 12 (6.42%) Azure DevOps
7 11 (5.88%) Cloud Computing
8 10 (5.35%) Amazon SageMaker
8 10 (5.35%) Azure Machine Learning
9 7 (3.74%) ChatGPT
9 7 (3.74%) SaaS
10 6 (3.21%) Azure Data Factory
10 6 (3.21%) PowerApps
10 6 (3.21%) Serverless
11 5 (2.67%) Azure Functions
12 4 (2.14%) Amazon ECS
13 3 (1.60%) Amazon CloudWatch
13 3 (1.60%) Amazon S3
13 3 (1.60%) Amazon SQS
13 3 (1.60%) WhatsApp
Database & Business Intelligence
1 17 (9.09%) NoSQL
2 12 (6.42%) Elasticsearch
3 10 (5.35%) MongoDB
4 9 (4.81%) Big Data
4 9 (4.81%) Power BI
5 8 (4.28%) SQL Server
5 8 (4.28%) Tableau
6 6 (3.21%) Text Mining
7 5 (2.67%) PostgreSQL
8 4 (2.14%) Data Mining
8 4 (2.14%) DTS
9 3 (1.60%) Amazon RDS
10 2 (1.07%) Hadoop
10 2 (1.07%) MySQL
10 2 (1.07%) Neo4j
11 1 (0.53%) Apache Hive
11 1 (0.53%) Metadata
11 1 (0.53%) Redis
11 1 (0.53%) Relational Database
Development Applications
1 10 (5.35%) Git
2 5 (2.67%) Visual Studio Code
3 2 (1.07%) Jenkins
3 2 (1.07%) JIRA
3 2 (1.07%) JUnit
3 2 (1.07%) MLflow
3 2 (1.07%) Team Foundation Server
4 1 (0.53%) CircleCI
4 1 (0.53%) Cucumber
4 1 (0.53%) Selenium
4 1 (0.53%) Visual Studio
General
1 56 (29.95%) Finance
2 38 (20.32%) Social Skills
3 30 (16.04%) Law
4 28 (14.97%) Inclusion and Diversity
5 25 (13.37%) Banking
6 20 (10.70%) Marketing
7 14 (7.49%) Legal
8 11 (5.88%) Analytical Skills
9 6 (3.21%) Investment Banking
10 5 (2.67%) Games
11 4 (2.14%) Manufacturing
11 4 (2.14%) Organisational Skills
12 3 (1.60%) Advertising
13 1 (0.53%) Financial Institution
13 1 (0.53%) Health Technology
13 1 (0.53%) Presentation Skills
13 1 (0.53%) Public Sector
13 1 (0.53%) Publishing
13 1 (0.53%) Retail
Job Titles
1 67 (35.83%) Senior
2 46 (24.60%) Data Scientist
3 38 (20.32%) Senior Data Scientist
4 32 (17.11%) Developer
5 25 (13.37%) Lead
6 20 (10.70%) Architect
7 18 (9.63%) Lead Data Scientist
8 17 (9.09%) Software Engineer
9 16 (8.56%) Artificial Intelligence Engineer
9 16 (8.56%) Python Engineer
10 15 (8.02%) Machine Learning Engineer
11 14 (7.49%) Senior Developer
12 12 (6.42%) Cloud Architect
12 12 (6.42%) Cloud Solutions Architect
12 12 (6.42%) Principal Architect
12 12 (6.42%) Principal Solutions Architect
13 11 (5.88%) Full Stack Developer
14 8 (4.28%) Audit Manager
14 8 (4.28%) Senior Manager
14 8 (4.28%) Technical Architect
Libraries, Frameworks & Software Standards
1 42 (22.46%) PyTorch
2 34 (18.18%) TensorFlow
3 32 (17.11%) Pandas
4 29 (15.51%) .NET
5 23 (12.30%) React
6 21 (11.23%) XGBoost
7 17 (9.09%) Flask
7 17 (9.09%) Kafka
7 17 (9.09%) SpaCy
8 13 (6.95%) Keras
8 13 (6.95%) NumPy
9 12 (6.42%) Apache Beam
10 11 (5.88%) AngularJS
11 10 (5.35%) REST
12 9 (4.81%) LangChain
13 8 (4.28%) Hugging Face
13 8 (4.28%) Vue
14 7 (3.74%) .NET Core
14 7 (3.74%) FastAPI
15 6 (3.21%) Svelte
Miscellaneous
1 36 (19.25%) Algorithms
2 34 (18.18%) Data Structures
3 19 (10.16%) Cloud Native
4 9 (4.81%) Greenfield Project
5 7 (3.74%) Distributed Computing
6 6 (3.21%) Credit Risk
6 6 (3.21%) Data Centre
6 6 (3.21%) Management Information System
6 6 (3.21%) Market Risk
6 6 (3.21%) Onboarding
7 4 (2.14%) Distributed Systems
7 4 (2.14%) Self-Motivation
8 3 (1.60%) Blog
8 3 (1.60%) Social Media
9 2 (1.07%) Cybercrime
9 2 (1.07%) FPGA
9 2 (1.07%) Molecular Biology
9 2 (1.07%) Social Network
9 2 (1.07%) Verilog
9 2 (1.07%) VHDL
Operating Systems
1 5 (2.67%) Linux
Processes & Methodologies
1 169 (90.37%) Artificial Intelligence
2 145 (77.54%) Machine Learning
3 90 (48.13%) Data Science
4 84 (44.92%) Natural Language Processing
5 69 (36.90%) Generative AI
6 57 (30.48%) Deep Learning
7 56 (29.95%) Agile
7 56 (29.95%) Computer Science
8 55 (29.41%) Analytics
9 49 (26.20%) Software Engineering
10 39 (20.86%) Decision Tree
11 38 (20.32%) Statistics
12 37 (19.79%) Data Pipeline
12 37 (19.79%) Problem-Solving
13 34 (18.18%) MLOps
14 32 (17.11%) Mathematics
15 31 (16.58%) Random Forest
16 30 (16.04%) Use Case
17 28 (14.97%) CI/CD
18 26 (13.90%) Full Stack Development
Programming Languages
1 124 (66.31%) Python
2 68 (36.36%) SQL
3 25 (13.37%) Java
4 17 (9.09%) JavaScript
5 14 (7.49%) TypeScript
6 12 (6.42%) R
7 9 (4.81%) C#
8 7 (3.74%) C++
9 5 (2.67%) C
9 5 (2.67%) Go
9 5 (2.67%) T-SQL
10 2 (1.07%) Kusto Query Language
10 2 (1.07%) PowerShell
10 2 (1.07%) Rust
11 1 (0.53%) PHP
11 1 (0.53%) Scala
Qualifications
1 75 (40.11%) Degree
2 28 (14.97%) Master's Degree
3 25 (13.37%) PhD
4 14 (7.49%) Computer Science Degree
5 2 (1.07%) Azure Certification
6 1 (0.53%) AWS Certification
6 1 (0.53%) AWS Certified Cloud Practitioner
6 1 (0.53%) AWS Certified DevOps Engineer
6 1 (0.53%) AWS Certified Solutions Architect
6 1 (0.53%) MCP
6 1 (0.53%) Microsoft Certification
Quality Assurance & Compliance
1 2 (1.07%) Data Quality
2 1 (0.53%) Accessibility
2 1 (0.53%) ISO/IEC 27001
2 1 (0.53%) QA
System Software
1 14 (7.49%) Docker
Systems Management
1 23 (12.30%) Kubernetes
2 2 (1.07%) Kubeflow
Vendors
1 25 (13.37%) Microsoft
2 19 (10.16%) OpenAI
3 12 (6.42%) Databricks
4 9 (4.81%) Google
5 6 (3.21%) Alteryx
5 6 (3.21%) Pega
5 6 (3.21%) UiPath
6 4 (2.14%) Dell
7 2 (1.07%) Sage
8 1 (0.53%) Apple
8 1 (0.53%) Facebook
8 1 (0.53%) IBM