SQL (Structured Query Language)
UK

The table below provides summary statistics for permanent job vacancies requiring SQL skills. It includes a benchmarking guide to the annual salaries offered in vacancies that cited SQL over the 6 months leading up to 8 May 2025, comparing them to the same period in the previous two years.

6 months to
8 May 2025
Same period 2024 Same period 2023
Rank 14 10 8
Rank change year-on-year -4 -2 +1
Permanent jobs citing SQL 5,224 12,176 17,135
As % of all permanent jobs advertised in the UK 9.67% 12.32% 16.69%
As % of the Programming Languages category 32.81% 36.70% 38.58%
Number of salaries quoted 3,788 8,882 10,221
10th Percentile £32,500 £32,500 £36,250
25th Percentile £43,938 £41,250 £45,000
Median annual salary (50th Percentile) £60,000 £55,000 £59,191
Median % change year-on-year +9.09% -7.08% +7.62%
75th Percentile £77,500 £72,500 £75,000
90th Percentile £97,792 £92,500 £92,500
UK excluding London median annual salary £52,500 £50,000 £52,500
% change year-on-year +5.00% -4.76% +5.00%

All Programming Languages
UK

SQL falls under the Programming Languages category. For comparison with the information above, the following table provides summary statistics for all permanent job vacancies requiring coding skills.

Permanent vacancies with a requirement for coding skills 15,921 33,174 44,415
As % of all permanent jobs advertised in the UK 29.48% 33.56% 43.25%
Number of salaries quoted 11,494 24,975 28,309
10th Percentile £37,500 £35,000 £38,750
25th Percentile £47,683 £45,000 £49,500
Median annual salary (50th Percentile) £60,000 £60,000 £65,000
Median % change year-on-year - -7.69% +4.00%
75th Percentile £81,250 £77,500 £86,250
90th Percentile £106,250 £100,000 £106,250
UK excluding London median annual salary £55,000 £54,000 £55,000
% change year-on-year +1.85% -1.82% +3.14%

SQL
Job Vacancy Trend

Job postings citing SQL as a proportion of all IT jobs advertised.

Job vacancy trend for SQL in the UK

SQL
Salary Trend

3-month moving average salary quoted in jobs citing SQL.

Salary trend for SQL in the UK

SQL
Salary Histogram

Salary distribution for jobs citing SQL over the 6 months to 8 May 2025.

Salary histogram for SQL in the UK

SQL
Top 19 Job Locations

The table below looks at the demand and provides a guide to the median salaries quoted in IT jobs citing SQL within the UK over the 6 months to 8 May 2025. The 'Rank Change' column provides an indication of the change in demand within each location based on the same 6 month period last year.

Location Rank Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Matching
Permanent
IT Job Ads
Median Salary
Past 6 Months
Median Salary
% Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Live
Jobs
England -4 4,715 £60,000 +9.09% 5,860
UK excluding London -8 3,175 £52,500 +5.00% 3,531
Work from Home -1 2,332 £62,500 +8.70% 3,021
London -3 1,784 £75,000 +7.14% 3,298
North of England -17 841 £52,500 +5.00% 853
South East -8 733 £55,000 +10.00% 1,323
Midlands -6 631 £52,500 +10.53% 570
North West -34 464 £52,500 - 492
East of England +5 402 £66,200 +39.37% 299
West Midlands -6 368 £52,500 +5.00% 325
Yorkshire -4 304 £50,000 +5.26% 267
East Midlands -12 261 £48,500 +7.78% 219
South West -3 254 £50,000 - 274
Scotland -13 243 £47,500 -13.64% 180
North East -12 75 £50,000 - 103
Wales -20 55 £65,000 +44.44% 58
Northern Ireland +5 26 £52,500 -4.55% 69
Channel Islands +1 3 £87,500 +29.63% 2
Isle of Man +13 2 £38,000 -15.56%

SQL
Co-occurring Skills and Capabilities by Category

The follow tables expand on the table above by listing co-occurrences grouped by category. The same employment type, locality and period is covered with up to 20 co-occurrences shown in each of the following categories:

Application Platforms
1 270 (5.17%) Confluence
2 164 (3.14%) SharePoint
3 153 (2.93%) Apache Spark
4 136 (2.60%) Apache
5 118 (2.26%) Apache Airflow
6 83 (1.59%) Microsoft Exchange
7 80 (1.53%) SAS
8 72 (1.38%) IIS
9 59 (1.13%) CMS
10 24 (0.46%) Umbraco
11 20 (0.38%) Tomcat
12 19 (0.36%) IBM Domino
13 13 (0.25%) Oracle SOA Suite
14 10 (0.19%) Jupyter
15 7 (0.13%) Headless CMS
15 7 (0.13%) Mule
16 6 (0.11%) nginx
17 5 (0.096%) Oracle Workflow
17 5 (0.096%) WebSphere
18 4 (0.077%) WordPress
Applications
1 384 (7.35%) Microsoft Excel
2 149 (2.85%) Microsoft Office
3 124 (2.37%) Chatbot
4 54 (1.03%) Microsoft PowerPoint
5 20 (0.38%) MS Visio
6 10 (0.19%) Spreadsheet
7 8 (0.15%) Trello
8 7 (0.13%) SPSS
9 6 (0.11%) Microsoft Project
10 5 (0.096%) InDesign
11 2 (0.038%) Adobe XD
12 1 (0.019%) Adobe Creative Suite
12 1 (0.019%) Adobe Illustrator
12 1 (0.019%) Photoshop
12 1 (0.019%) Simulink
12 1 (0.019%) Sketch
12 1 (0.019%) S-PLUS
Business Applications
1 57 (1.09%) Aladdin
2 49 (0.94%) Oracle EBS
3 46 (0.88%) NEC Housing
4 43 (0.82%) Dynamics CRM
5 33 (0.63%) thinkFolio
6 29 (0.56%) Dynamics NAV
6 29 (0.56%) NetSuite
7 24 (0.46%) Oracle Applications
8 20 (0.38%) Sage 200
9 16 (0.31%) Sage 50
10 13 (0.25%) Endur
11 11 (0.21%) JDE OneWorld
12 10 (0.19%) Elite 3E
12 10 (0.19%) Fidessa
12 10 (0.19%) SAP Business One
13 8 (0.15%) Infor CloudSuite
13 8 (0.15%) Infor CloudSuite Industrial (formerly SyteLine)
13 8 (0.15%) Infor M3
13 8 (0.15%) Oracle Payables
14 7 (0.13%) Oracle Receivables
Cloud Services
1 1,974 (37.79%) Azure
2 1,078 (20.64%) AWS
3 1,054 (20.18%) Power Platform
4 524 (10.03%) GCP
5 326 (6.24%) Azure DevOps
6 285 (5.46%) SaaS
7 284 (5.44%) Azure Data Factory
8 246 (4.71%) Snowflake
9 219 (4.19%) GitHub
10 209 (4.00%) Microsoft 365
11 193 (3.69%) Serverless
12 173 (3.31%) Azure Synapse Analytics
13 152 (2.91%) Power Automate
14 136 (2.60%) Dynamics 365
15 126 (2.41%) dbt
16 112 (2.14%) PowerApps
17 103 (1.97%) Azure Logic Apps
18 92 (1.76%) Amazon S3
19 84 (1.61%) AWS Lambda
20 80 (1.53%) Azure Service Bus
Communications & Networking
1 150 (2.87%) Firewall
2 128 (2.45%) DNS
3 80 (1.53%) DHCP
4 76 (1.45%) TCP/IP
5 49 (0.94%) LAN
6 48 (0.92%) VLAN
6 48 (0.92%) VPN
6 48 (0.92%) WAN
7 45 (0.86%) SAN
8 42 (0.80%) Network Security
9 39 (0.75%) HTTP
10 36 (0.69%) VoIP
11 24 (0.46%) Wi-Fi
12 23 (0.44%) FTP
13 22 (0.42%) Intranet
13 22 (0.42%) Wireless
14 19 (0.36%) BGP
14 19 (0.36%) OSPF
15 18 (0.34%) MPLS
16 16 (0.31%) Internet
Database & Business Intelligence
1 1,115 (21.34%) SQL Server
2 951 (18.20%) Power BI
3 490 (9.38%) Data Warehouse
4 367 (7.03%) Tableau
5 361 (6.91%) NoSQL
6 287 (5.49%) Relational Database
7 259 (4.96%) SQL Server Reporting Services
8 251 (4.80%) PostgreSQL
9 235 (4.50%) SQL Server Integration Services
10 232 (4.44%) Data Lake
11 214 (4.10%) Azure SQL Database
12 199 (3.81%) MySQL
13 179 (3.43%) Big Data
14 154 (2.95%) MongoDB
15 152 (2.91%) Power Query
16 116 (2.22%) GIS
17 102 (1.95%) Geospatial Data
18 89 (1.70%) Amazon Redshift
19 86 (1.65%) BigQuery
19 86 (1.65%) Metadata
Development Applications
1 494 (9.46%) Git
2 479 (9.17%) JIRA
3 292 (5.59%) Selenium
4 289 (5.53%) GitLab
5 255 (4.88%) Maven
6 239 (4.58%) Bitbucket
7 236 (4.52%) SonarQube
8 228 (4.36%) Sonatype Nexus
9 225 (4.31%) Cucumber
10 162 (3.10%) Visual Studio
11 161 (3.08%) Jenkins
12 71 (1.36%) JUnit
13 69 (1.32%) Postman
14 61 (1.17%) Eclipse
15 55 (1.05%) Octopus Deploy
16 46 (0.88%) SQL Server Management Studio (SSMS)
17 45 (0.86%) Team Foundation Server
18 39 (0.75%) Mockito
19 34 (0.65%) MSBuild
20 32 (0.61%) JMeter
General
1 1,570 (30.05%) Social Skills
2 1,553 (29.73%) Finance
3 869 (16.63%) Analytical Skills
4 650 (12.44%) Banking
5 397 (7.60%) Inclusion and Diversity
6 339 (6.49%) Retail
7 263 (5.03%) Law
8 191 (3.66%) Marketing
9 178 (3.41%) Public Sector
10 177 (3.39%) Front Office
11 165 (3.16%) Manufacturing
12 145 (2.78%) Legal
13 125 (2.39%) Investment Banking
14 124 (2.37%) Presentation Skills
15 83 (1.59%) Back Office
16 73 (1.40%) Local Government
17 67 (1.28%) Games
18 57 (1.09%) Police
19 56 (1.07%) Advertising
20 55 (1.05%) Corporate Banking
Job Titles
1 1,200 (22.97%) Developer
2 1,021 (19.54%) Analyst
3 880 (16.85%) Senior
4 608 (11.64%) Software Engineer
5 441 (8.44%) Lead
6 433 (8.29%) Data Engineer
7 289 (5.53%) Data Analyst
8 252 (4.82%) Support Analyst
9 241 (4.61%) Senior Developer
10 218 (4.17%) Applications Support
11 211 (4.04%) Senior Analyst
12 205 (3.92%) Architect
13 169 (3.24%) Consultant
14 163 (3.12%) .NET Developer
15 153 (2.93%) Support Engineer
16 143 (2.74%) SQL Developer
17 142 (2.72%) Software Developer
18 133 (2.55%) C# Developer
19 127 (2.43%) Full-Stack Developer
20 124 (2.37%) IT Support
Libraries, Frameworks & Software Standards
1 791 (15.14%) HTML
2 790 (15.12%) .NET
3 595 (11.39%) CSS
4 579 (11.08%) React
5 356 (6.81%) Kafka
6 339 (6.49%) REST
7 319 (6.11%) Spring
8 291 (5.57%) Spring Boot
9 251 (4.80%) AngularJS
10 248 (4.75%) JPA
11 245 (4.69%) ASP.NET
11 245 (4.69%) RESTful
12 239 (4.58%) XML
13 238 (4.56%) Hibernate
14 236 (4.52%) .NET Framework
15 231 (4.42%) Redux
16 226 (4.33%) JSON
17 205 (3.92%) .NET Core
18 174 (3.33%) HTML5
19 160 (3.06%) Web Services
Miscellaneous
1 369 (7.06%) Product Ownership
2 270 (5.17%) Enterprise Software
3 247 (4.73%) Algorithms
4 190 (3.64%) Management Information System
5 144 (2.76%) Data Structures
6 127 (2.43%) Self-Motivation
7 122 (2.34%) Cloud Native
8 116 (2.22%) Hedge funds
9 115 (2.20%) Derivative
10 107 (2.05%) Fixed Income
11 101 (1.93%) Onboarding
12 94 (1.80%) Legacy Systems
13 77 (1.47%) Mobile App
14 68 (1.30%) Equities
15 67 (1.28%) Foreign Exchange (FX)
16 66 (1.26%) Credit Risk
16 66 (1.26%) Distributed Systems
17 57 (1.09%) NHS
18 55 (1.05%) Greenfield Project
19 47 (0.90%) Data Protection Act
Operating Systems
1 516 (9.88%) Linux
2 463 (8.86%) Windows
3 182 (3.48%) Unix
4 156 (2.99%) Windows Server
5 65 (1.24%) Windows 10
6 36 (0.69%) Windows Server 2019
7 31 (0.59%) Ubuntu
7 31 (0.59%) Windows Server 2016
8 26 (0.50%) Rocky
9 24 (0.46%) Mac OS X
10 20 (0.38%) Apple iOS
11 19 (0.36%) Android
11 19 (0.36%) Solaris
12 18 (0.34%) Windows Server 2012
13 16 (0.31%) CentOS
14 14 (0.27%) Red Hat Enterprise Linux
15 13 (0.25%) VMS
16 12 (0.23%) Mac OS
17 8 (0.15%) AIX
18 7 (0.13%) Windows Server 2008
Processes & Methodologies
1 1,390 (26.61%) Agile
2 1,382 (26.45%) Problem-Solving
3 1,128 (21.59%) Business Intelligence
4 1,074 (20.56%) Analytics
5 970 (18.57%) DevOps
6 854 (16.35%) Software Engineering
7 819 (15.68%) CI/CD
8 634 (12.14%) ETL
9 596 (11.41%) Microservices
10 583 (11.16%) Visualisation
11 548 (10.49%) Mentoring
12 535 (10.24%) Data Modelling
13 519 (9.93%) Full-Stack Development
14 496 (9.49%) SDLC
15 483 (9.25%) Test Automation
16 471 (9.02%) Continuous Improvement
17 468 (8.96%) Computer Science
18 465 (8.90%) Data Management
19 444 (8.50%) Artificial Intelligence
20 431 (8.25%) Data Analysis
Programming Languages
1 1,670 (31.97%) Python
2 1,070 (20.48%) C#
3 1,043 (19.97%) JavaScript
4 781 (14.95%) Java
5 351 (6.72%) T-SQL
6 288 (5.51%) PowerShell
7 273 (5.23%) TypeScript
8 228 (4.36%) C++
9 218 (4.17%) PL/SQL
10 160 (3.06%) R
11 109 (2.09%) Data Analysis Expressions
12 107 (2.05%) PHP
13 92 (1.76%) Bash
14 64 (1.23%) Scala
15 58 (1.11%) C
15 58 (1.11%) VB.NET
16 53 (1.01%) Shell Script
17 50 (0.96%) VBA
18 45 (0.86%) Go
19 32 (0.61%) Rust
Qualifications
1 1,143 (21.88%) Degree
2 260 (4.98%) Computer Science Degree
3 199 (3.81%) DBS Check
4 186 (3.56%) Security Cleared
5 129 (2.47%) Master's Degree
6 116 (2.22%) SC Cleared
7 110 (2.11%) Microsoft Certification
8 102 (1.95%) Azure Certification
9 48 (0.92%) BPSS Clearance
10 41 (0.78%) PhD
11 36 (0.69%) ISTQB
12 35 (0.67%) MCSE
13 33 (0.63%) DV Cleared
14 32 (0.61%) AWS Certification
15 29 (0.56%) MCSA
15 29 (0.56%) Numerate Degree
16 25 (0.48%) HND
17 22 (0.42%) MCP
18 19 (0.36%) HNC
19 18 (0.34%) A+ Certification
Quality Assurance & Compliance
1 471 (9.02%) QA
2 335 (6.41%) Data Quality
3 229 (4.38%) Accessibility
4 143 (2.74%) GDPR
5 72 (1.38%) SLA
6 47 (0.90%) ISO/IEC 27001
7 33 (0.63%) ISO 9001
8 21 (0.40%) PCI DSS
8 21 (0.40%) WCAG
9 20 (0.38%) Actionable Recommendations
10 17 (0.33%) HL7
10 17 (0.33%) NIST
11 12 (0.23%) HIPAA
11 12 (0.23%) IFRS
11 12 (0.23%) IFRS 9
12 10 (0.19%) Cyber Essentials
12 10 (0.19%) Sarbanes-Oxley
12 10 (0.19%) SOC 2
13 7 (0.13%) Basel II
13 7 (0.13%) Dodd-Frank
System Software
1 613 (11.73%) Docker
2 182 (3.48%) Active Directory
3 78 (1.49%) VMware Infrastructure
4 48 (0.92%) Virtual Machines
5 42 (0.80%) Hyper-V
6 27 (0.52%) VMware ESXi
7 18 (0.34%) Virtual Desktop
8 16 (0.31%) vSphere
9 13 (0.25%) HDFS
10 9 (0.17%) Firmware
11 7 (0.13%) VMware NSX
12 5 (0.096%) Apache Flume
13 3 (0.057%) Embedded Firmware
13 3 (0.057%) Postfix
13 3 (0.057%) Terminal Server
14 2 (0.038%) Job Entry Subsystem
14 2 (0.038%) Oracle RAC
14 2 (0.038%) SRDF
14 2 (0.038%) Veritas Cluster Server
14 2 (0.038%) Xen
Systems Management
1 554 (10.60%) Kubernetes
2 187 (3.58%) Terraform
3 54 (1.03%) Microsoft Intune
4 37 (0.71%) Ansible
5 35 (0.67%) Grafana
6 29 (0.56%) Prometheus
6 29 (0.56%) Single Sign-On
7 26 (0.50%) SCCM
8 14 (0.27%) Istio
9 13 (0.25%) Failover Clustering
10 12 (0.23%) Nagios
11 11 (0.21%) Argo
11 11 (0.21%) Progress Chef
12 9 (0.17%) Active Directory Federation Services
12 9 (0.17%) Oozie
13 8 (0.15%) FortiGate
13 8 (0.15%) Microsoft Clustering
13 8 (0.15%) Oracle RMAN
13 8 (0.15%) SCOM
13 8 (0.15%) WSUS
Vendors
1 1,098 (21.02%) Microsoft
2 437 (8.37%) Oracle
3 369 (7.06%) Databricks
4 216 (4.13%) Google
4 216 (4.13%) Solace
5 123 (2.35%) PayPal
6 112 (2.14%) VMware
7 90 (1.72%) Salesforce
8 86 (1.65%) SAP
9 74 (1.42%) ServiceNow
10 68 (1.30%) IBM
11 62 (1.19%) Cisco
11 62 (1.19%) Red Hat
12 53 (1.01%) BISAM
13 51 (0.98%) Adobe
14 46 (0.88%) NEC
15 43 (0.82%) Dell
15 43 (0.82%) Informatica
16 42 (0.80%) Charles River
17 36 (0.69%) Alteryx