SQL (Structured Query Language)
UK

The following table provides summary statistics for contract job vacancies with a requirement for SQL skills. Included is a benchmarking guide to the contractor rates offered in vacancies that have cited SQL over the 6 months to 29 May 2024 with a comparison to the same period in the previous 2 years.

6 months to
29 May 2024
Same period 2023 Same period 2022
Rank 13 12 10
Rank change year-on-year -1 -2 -2
Contract jobs citing SQL 4,230 6,357 10,702
As % of all contract jobs advertised in the UK 9.86% 11.32% 12.22%
As % of the Programming Languages category 32.79% 33.08% 33.90%
Number of daily rates quoted 3,066 4,570 7,730
10th Percentile £350 £363 £363
25th Percentile £418 £425 £431
Median daily rate (50th Percentile) £525 £536 £534
Median % change year-on-year -1.96% +0.33% +7.83%
75th Percentile £638 £650 £638
90th Percentile £738 £750 £750
UK excluding London median daily rate £470 £490 £475
% change year-on-year -4.08% +3.16% +11.76%
Number of hourly rates quoted 60 85 134
10th Percentile £22.61 £21.10 £16.25
25th Percentile £29.34 £30.00 £20.75
Median hourly rate £42.50 £50.00 £35.00
Median % change year-on-year -15.00% +42.86% +29.63%
75th Percentile £57.50 £70.25 £53.50
90th Percentile £62.97 £82.80 £63.71
UK excluding London median hourly rate £42.50 £49.28 £26.00
% change year-on-year -13.76% +89.55% +9.54%

All Programming Languages
UK

SQL is in the Programming Languages category. The following table is for comparison with the above and provides summary statistics for all contract job vacancies with a requirement for coding skills.

Contract vacancies with a requirement for coding skills 12,901 19,215 31,568
As % of all contract IT jobs advertised in the UK 30.06% 34.22% 36.04%
Number of daily rates quoted 9,166 13,825 23,073
10th Percentile £350 £388 £385
25th Percentile £425 £463 £456
Median daily rate (50th Percentile) £525 £550 £550
Median % change year-on-year -4.55% - +10.00%
75th Percentile £650 £678 £657
90th Percentile £763 £788 £750
UK excluding London median daily rate £487 £500 £500
% change year-on-year -2.65% - +16.01%
Number of hourly rates quoted 516 439 489
10th Percentile £32.25 £26.43 £19.52
25th Percentile £46.25 £50.00 £35.00
Median hourly rate £62.25 £62.50 £51.25
Median % change year-on-year -0.40% +21.95% +17.14%
75th Percentile £70.00 £70.00 £61.50
90th Percentile £77.50 £78.24 £71.90
UK excluding London median hourly rate £62.50 £62.50 £50.85
% change year-on-year - +22.91% +24.02%

SQL
Job Vacancy Trend

Job postings citing SQL as a proportion of all IT jobs advertised.

Job vacancy trend for SQL in the UK

SQL
Contractor Daily Rate Trend

3-month moving average daily rate quoted in jobs citing SQL.

Daily rate trend for SQL in the UK

SQL
Daily Rate Histogram

Daily rate distribution for jobs citing SQL over the 6 months to 29 May 2024.

Daily rate histogram for SQL in the UK

SQL
Contractor Hourly Rate Trend

3-month moving average hourly rates quoted in jobs citing SQL.

Hourly rate trend for SQL in the UK

SQL
Hourly Rate Histogram

Hourly rate distribution of jobs citing SQL over the 6 months to 29 May 2024.

Hourly rate histogram for SQL in the UK

SQL
Top 17 Contract Locations

The table below looks at the demand and provides a guide to the median contractor rates quoted in IT jobs citing SQL within the UK over the 6 months to 29 May 2024. The 'Rank Change' column provides an indication of the change in demand within each location based on the same 6 month period last year.

Location Rank Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Matching
Contract
IT Job Ads
Median
Daily Rate
Past 6 Months
Median Daily Rate
% Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Live
Jobs
England -1 3,652 £545 -0.91% 2,682
London +1 2,308 £575 -0.86% 1,227
Work from Home +3 1,701 £525 +2.44% 1,335
UK excluding London -5 1,487 £470 -4.08% 1,544
North of England -3 413 £475 -5.00% 475
South East -11 347 £470 -9.62% 288
North West -4 247 £475 - 271
Midlands -4 231 £418 -7.22% 302
Scotland +1 216 £450 -7.69% 109
South West -14 158 £538 +7.50% 195
West Midlands -4 147 £425 -15.00% 178
Yorkshire -3 133 £488 -4.88% 163
East Midlands +1 83 £400 - 124
East of England -17 81 £450 +4.96% 136
Wales +16 33 £450 -16.67% 40
North East +15 33 £475 -5.00% 48
Northern Ireland -1 14 £400 -11.11% 28

SQL
Co-occurring Skills and Capabilities by Category

The follow tables expand on the table above by listing co-occurrences grouped by category. The same employment type, locality and period is covered with up to 20 co-occurrences shown in each of the following categories:

Application Platforms
1 127 (3.00%) Apache
2 126 (2.98%) Apache Spark
3 121 (2.86%) Apache Airflow
4 84 (1.99%) SharePoint
5 78 (1.84%) SAS
6 67 (1.58%) Confluence
7 54 (1.28%) Microsoft Exchange
8 45 (1.06%) IIS
9 26 (0.61%) Oracle Workflow
10 13 (0.31%) CMS
11 12 (0.28%) BizTalk Server
11 12 (0.28%) MTS
12 9 (0.21%) JBoss
12 9 (0.21%) Jupyter
12 9 (0.21%) WebSphere
13 8 (0.19%) OpenStack
13 8 (0.19%) SharePoint Server
13 8 (0.19%) Tomcat
14 7 (0.17%) Anypoint
14 7 (0.17%) SharePoint 2010
Applications
1 195 (4.61%) Microsoft Excel
2 121 (2.86%) Chatbot
3 52 (1.23%) MS Visio
4 41 (0.97%) Microsoft Office
5 26 (0.61%) Microsoft PowerPoint
6 24 (0.57%) Spreadsheet
7 11 (0.26%) SPSS
8 8 (0.19%) CATIA
9 7 (0.17%) Microsoft Project
10 3 (0.071%) Trello
11 2 (0.047%) FileZilla
11 2 (0.047%) Mingle
12 1 (0.024%) Elementor
12 1 (0.024%) PTC Creo
12 1 (0.024%) Windchill
Business Applications
1 44 (1.04%) Endur
2 27 (0.64%) Aladdin
3 26 (0.61%) Dynamics CRM
4 24 (0.57%) Oracle EBS
5 22 (0.52%) NEC Housing
6 19 (0.45%) Teamcenter
7 17 (0.40%) Dynamics GP
7 17 (0.40%) Oracle Payables
8 14 (0.33%) Elite 3E
8 14 (0.33%) Oracle EBS R12
8 14 (0.33%) Oracle Receivables
8 14 (0.33%) SimCorp Dimension
9 13 (0.31%) SAP S/4HANA
10 12 (0.28%) EuroRunner
10 12 (0.28%) Oracle Financials
11 11 (0.26%) Aligne
12 10 (0.24%) ION MarketView
12 10 (0.24%) Oracle Assets
13 9 (0.21%) Adobe Campaign
14 8 (0.19%) Oracle General Ledger
Cloud Services
1 1,170 (27.66%) Azure
2 790 (18.68%) AWS
3 610 (14.42%) Power Platform
4 263 (6.22%) Azure DevOps
5 235 (5.56%) Serverless
6 208 (4.92%) GCP
7 201 (4.75%) Azure Data Factory
8 162 (3.83%) GitHub
9 143 (3.38%) Amazon S3
10 141 (3.33%) AWS Lambda
11 139 (3.29%) Snowflake
12 103 (2.43%) Azure Synapse Analytics
13 81 (1.91%) Azure Logic Apps
13 81 (1.91%) PowerApps
14 78 (1.84%) Azure Service Bus
15 77 (1.82%) PaaS
16 76 (1.80%) Power Automate
17 75 (1.77%) Microsoft 365
18 71 (1.68%) Azure Cosmos DB
19 69 (1.63%) Amazon EC2
Communications & Networking
1 46 (1.09%) Firewall
2 41 (0.97%) DNS
3 34 (0.80%) DHCP
3 34 (0.80%) Internet
4 27 (0.64%) VPN
5 20 (0.47%) TCP/IP
6 18 (0.43%) SAN
7 17 (0.40%) Wi-Fi
8 16 (0.38%) Network Security
9 15 (0.35%) HTTP
10 13 (0.31%) BGP
10 13 (0.31%) FTP
11 12 (0.28%) WAN
12 11 (0.26%) LAN
12 11 (0.26%) MPLS
13 10 (0.24%) FIX Connectivity
13 10 (0.24%) SSH
14 9 (0.21%) AMQP
14 9 (0.21%) Ethernet VPN
14 9 (0.21%) Radio Access Network
Database & Business Intelligence
1 727 (17.19%) SQL Server
2 571 (13.50%) Power BI
3 424 (10.02%) Data Warehouse
4 318 (7.52%) NoSQL
5 262 (6.19%) Relational Database
6 253 (5.98%) PostgreSQL
7 239 (5.65%) Tableau
8 200 (4.73%) Oracle Database
9 192 (4.54%) Data Lake
10 190 (4.49%) Azure SQL Database
11 189 (4.47%) SQL Server Integration Services
12 188 (4.44%) Big Data
13 141 (3.33%) SQL Server Reporting Services
14 130 (3.07%) MySQL
15 104 (2.46%) MongoDB
16 97 (2.29%) Amazon Redshift
17 94 (2.22%) Amazon RDS
18 89 (2.10%) BigQuery
19 76 (1.80%) Metadata
20 68 (1.61%) SQL Server Analysis Services
Development Applications
1 293 (6.93%) Git
2 250 (5.91%) JIRA
3 146 (3.45%) Jenkins
4 84 (1.99%) TeamCity
5 67 (1.58%) GitLab
5 67 (1.58%) Visual Studio
6 51 (1.21%) Selenium
7 48 (1.13%) Cucumber
8 43 (1.02%) SQL Server Management Studio (SSMS)
9 38 (0.90%) Postman
10 36 (0.85%) Cypress.io
10 36 (0.85%) JUnit
11 33 (0.78%) Oracle APEX
12 27 (0.64%) Maven
13 25 (0.59%) NUnit
13 25 (0.59%) SpecFlow
14 23 (0.54%) Team Foundation Server
15 19 (0.45%) Artifactory
15 19 (0.45%) Bitbucket
15 19 (0.45%) Oracle Forms
General
1 1,029 (24.33%) Finance
2 915 (21.63%) Social Skills
3 596 (14.09%) Analytical Skills
4 422 (9.98%) Banking
5 273 (6.45%) Public Sector
6 262 (6.19%) Front Office
7 134 (3.17%) Investment Banking
8 123 (2.91%) Retail
9 110 (2.60%) Marketing
10 89 (2.10%) Back Office
11 74 (1.75%) Presentation Skills
12 69 (1.63%) Inclusion and Diversity
13 61 (1.44%) Manufacturing
13 61 (1.44%) Telecoms
14 43 (1.02%) Financial Institution
15 40 (0.95%) Pharmaceutical
16 39 (0.92%) Legal
17 38 (0.90%) Local Government
18 32 (0.76%) Billing
19 29 (0.69%) Publishing
Job Titles
1 1,401 (33.12%) Developer
2 657 (15.53%) Analyst
3 445 (10.52%) Senior
4 444 (10.50%) Data Engineer
5 266 (6.29%) Data Analyst
6 244 (5.77%) Architect
7 197 (4.66%) Business Analyst
8 191 (4.52%) Software Developer
9 168 (3.97%) Consultant
10 161 (3.81%) C# Developer
10 161 (3.81%) Lead
11 160 (3.78%) SQL Developer
12 153 (3.62%) Azure Engineer
13 146 (3.45%) DBA
14 136 (3.22%) .NET Developer
15 132 (3.12%) Senior Developer
16 126 (2.98%) Java Developer
17 115 (2.72%) Software Engineer
18 109 (2.58%) Business Intelligence Developer
19 108 (2.55%) Full Stack Developer
Libraries, Frameworks & Software Standards
1 497 (11.75%) .NET
2 361 (8.53%) HTML
3 210 (4.96%) REST
4 206 (4.87%) React
5 189 (4.47%) XML
6 169 (4.00%) CSS
7 162 (3.83%) Kafka
8 150 (3.55%) Spring
9 145 (3.43%) RESTful
10 143 (3.38%) AngularJS
11 137 (3.24%) JSON
12 120 (2.84%) Web Services
13 119 (2.81%) SOAP
14 111 (2.62%) PySpark
15 108 (2.55%) .NET Core
16 107 (2.53%) .NET Framework
17 97 (2.29%) Spring Boot
18 86 (2.03%) Node.js
19 74 (1.75%) ASP.NET
20 61 (1.44%) LDAP
Miscellaneous
1 148 (3.50%) Derivative
2 137 (3.24%) Product Ownership
3 113 (2.67%) Hedge funds
4 102 (2.41%) Management Information System
5 100 (2.36%) Fixed Income
6 94 (2.22%) Equities
7 88 (2.08%) Onboarding
8 74 (1.75%) Self-Motivation
9 73 (1.73%) Legacy Systems
10 70 (1.65%) Foreign Exchange (FX)
11 68 (1.61%) Algorithms
12 67 (1.58%) Replication
13 65 (1.54%) Enterprise Software
14 64 (1.51%) Data Structures
15 59 (1.39%) Cloud Native
16 55 (1.30%) Data Protection Act
17 51 (1.21%) Greenfield Project
18 50 (1.18%) Distributed Systems
19 45 (1.06%) Data Centre
20 43 (1.02%) Linux Command Line
Operating Systems
1 374 (8.84%) Windows
2 259 (6.12%) Linux
3 241 (5.70%) Unix
4 141 (3.33%) Windows Server
5 40 (0.95%) Windows Server 2012
6 34 (0.80%) VMS
7 33 (0.78%) Windows 10
8 32 (0.76%) Windows Server 2016
9 30 (0.71%) Red Hat Enterprise Linux
10 24 (0.57%) Windows Server 2019
11 18 (0.43%) Apple iOS
12 14 (0.33%) Windows 7
13 13 (0.31%) Solaris
14 11 (0.26%) Windows Server 2008
15 10 (0.24%) CentOS
16 9 (0.21%) AIX
17 8 (0.19%) Android
18 5 (0.12%) OpenVMS
19 4 (0.095%) Embedded Linux
19 4 (0.095%) zOS
Processes & Methodologies
1 971 (22.96%) Agile
2 748 (17.68%) Business Intelligence
3 635 (15.01%) DevOps
4 616 (14.56%) Data Modelling
5 605 (14.30%) Analytics
6 567 (13.40%) Problem-Solving
7 546 (12.91%) ETL
8 460 (10.87%) Software Engineering
9 448 (10.59%) CI/CD
10 445 (10.52%) Migration
11 342 (8.09%) Data Analysis
12 302 (7.14%) Scrum
13 298 (7.04%) Visualisation
14 283 (6.69%) Data Pipeline
15 280 (6.62%) Computer Science
16 266 (6.29%) Artificial Intelligence
17 256 (6.05%) Test Automation
18 244 (5.77%) Microservices
19 235 (5.56%) Data Engineering
20 218 (5.15%) Data Science
Programming Languages
1 1,298 (30.69%) Python
2 755 (17.85%) C#
3 569 (13.45%) Java
4 509 (12.03%) JavaScript
5 331 (7.83%) PL/SQL
6 278 (6.57%) PowerShell
7 242 (5.72%) T-SQL
8 155 (3.66%) TypeScript
9 93 (2.20%) R
10 91 (2.15%) Shell Script
11 86 (2.03%) C++
12 77 (1.82%) Bash
13 70 (1.65%) Scala
14 69 (1.63%) VBA
15 65 (1.54%) Data Analysis Expressions
16 59 (1.39%) C
17 56 (1.32%) VB
18 54 (1.28%) Perl
19 51 (1.21%) Go
20 40 (0.95%) PHP
Qualifications
1 566 (13.38%) Degree
2 434 (10.26%) Security Cleared
3 327 (7.73%) SC Cleared
4 145 (3.43%) Computer Science Degree
5 82 (1.94%) DV Cleared
6 66 (1.56%) Master's Degree
7 53 (1.25%) Azure Certification
7 53 (1.25%) Microsoft Certification
8 36 (0.85%) BPSS Clearance
9 29 (0.69%) MCSE
10 21 (0.50%) ISTQB
10 21 (0.50%) PhD
11 18 (0.43%) MCSA
11 18 (0.43%) VMware Certified Professional (VCP)
12 17 (0.40%) Numerate Degree
13 15 (0.35%) CISSP
14 13 (0.31%) AWS Certification
15 12 (0.28%) ISEB
16 10 (0.24%) ISTQB Foundation Certification
17 9 (0.21%) PMP
Quality Assurance & Compliance
1 263 (6.22%) Data Quality
2 225 (5.32%) QA
3 45 (1.06%) Accessibility
3 45 (1.06%) SLA
4 38 (0.90%) GDPR
5 32 (0.76%) MiFID
6 26 (0.61%) PCI DSS
7 24 (0.57%) EMIR
8 19 (0.45%) Dodd-Frank
9 15 (0.35%) HL7
10 14 (0.33%) Sarbanes-Oxley
11 11 (0.26%) GxP
12 10 (0.24%) WCAG
13 9 (0.21%) Actionable Recommendations
13 9 (0.21%) PMO
14 8 (0.19%) CDISC
14 8 (0.19%) IFRS
14 8 (0.19%) ISO 20022
14 8 (0.19%) ISO/IEC 27001
15 6 (0.14%) Disclosure Scotland
System Software
1 247 (5.84%) Docker
2 224 (5.30%) Active Directory
3 59 (1.39%) VMware Infrastructure
4 55 (1.30%) Virtual Machines
5 40 (0.95%) IAG
6 37 (0.87%) ACF2
6 37 (0.87%) RACF
7 13 (0.31%) vSphere
8 11 (0.26%) Virtual Servers
9 8 (0.19%) HDFS
9 8 (0.19%) Hyper-V
10 6 (0.14%) Virtual Desktop
10 6 (0.14%) VMware ESXi
11 5 (0.12%) Veritas Cluster Server
11 5 (0.12%) VMware NSX
12 4 (0.095%) VirtualBox
13 3 (0.071%) Microsoft Virtual Server
13 3 (0.071%) NFS
13 3 (0.071%) Oracle RAC
14 2 (0.047%) Firmware
Systems Management
1 246 (5.82%) Kubernetes
2 177 (4.18%) Terraform
3 85 (2.01%) Ansible
4 65 (1.54%) Grafana
5 28 (0.66%) Prometheus
6 24 (0.57%) Single Sign-On
7 18 (0.43%) ITRS Geneos
8 17 (0.40%) SCCM
9 13 (0.31%) SCOM
10 12 (0.28%) Microsoft Clustering
11 11 (0.26%) PingFederate
12 10 (0.24%) Control-M
12 10 (0.24%) Kibana
12 10 (0.24%) Microsoft Intune
12 10 (0.24%) Progress Chef
13 9 (0.21%) BladeLogic
13 9 (0.21%) Docker Swarm
14 7 (0.17%) Data Guard
14 7 (0.17%) WSUS
15 6 (0.14%) HP Fortify
Vendors
1 716 (16.93%) Oracle
2 660 (15.60%) Microsoft
3 232 (5.48%) Databricks
4 151 (3.57%) SAP
5 137 (3.24%) Google
6 121 (2.86%) PayPal
7 95 (2.25%) ServiceNow
8 86 (2.03%) Salesforce
9 85 (2.01%) VMware
10 60 (1.42%) Splunk
11 59 (1.39%) Informatica
12 52 (1.23%) Sybase
13 45 (1.06%) IBM
14 44 (1.04%) Citrix
15 37 (0.87%) Bloomberg
16 33 (0.78%) Alteryx
16 33 (0.78%) CyberArk
17 27 (0.64%) NEC
18 26 (0.61%) Dynatrace
19 25 (0.59%) Avaloq