CI/CD
UK

The following table provides summary statistics for contract job vacancies with a requirement for CI/CD skills. Included is a benchmarking guide to the contractor rates offered in vacancies that have cited CI/CD over the 6 months to 29 May 2024 with a comparison to the same period in the previous 2 years.

6 months to
29 May 2024
Same period 2023 Same period 2022
Rank 30 22 19
Rank change year-on-year -8 -3 -2
Contract jobs citing CI/CD 2,473 4,323 7,481
As % of all contract jobs advertised in the UK 5.76% 7.70% 8.54%
As % of the Processes & Methodologies category 6.73% 8.58% 9.43%
Number of daily rates quoted 1,732 3,033 5,263
10th Percentile £400 £450 £438
25th Percentile £463 £500 £500
Median daily rate (50th Percentile) £550 £600 £600
Median % change year-on-year -8.33% - +14.29%
75th Percentile £650 £688 £694
90th Percentile £750 £788 £775
UK excluding London median daily rate £534 £550 £525
% change year-on-year -2.91% +4.76% +10.53%
Number of hourly rates quoted 54 71 61
10th Percentile £51.25 £53.75 £35.00
25th Percentile £60.25 £60.91 £60.00
Median hourly rate £66.00 £65.61 £65.00
Median % change year-on-year +0.60% +0.93% +11.39%
75th Percentile £70.00 £75.00 £68.75
90th Percentile £72.20 £80.00 £77.50
UK excluding London median hourly rate £67.50 £65.61 £65.00
% change year-on-year +2.89% +0.93% +5.69%

All Process and Methodology Skills
UK

CI/CD is in the Processes and Methodologies category. The following table is for comparison with the above and provides summary statistics for all contract job vacancies with a requirement for process or methodology skills.

Contract vacancies with a requirement for process or methodology skills 36,749 50,370 79,373
As % of all contract IT jobs advertised in the UK 85.64% 89.70% 90.61%
Number of daily rates quoted 23,629 34,859 55,702
10th Percentile £300 £325 £345
25th Percentile £413 £438 £431
Median daily rate (50th Percentile) £525 £550 £538
Median % change year-on-year -4.55% +2.33% +7.50%
75th Percentile £638 £650 £640
90th Percentile £750 £750 £738
UK excluding London median daily rate £500 £500 £486
% change year-on-year - +2.87% +9.23%
Number of hourly rates quoted 2,511 1,675 1,892
10th Percentile £12.75 £10.63 £12.50
25th Percentile £16.00 £15.75 £15.50
Median hourly rate £36.50 £37.00 £25.68
Median % change year-on-year -1.35% +44.08% +7.00%
75th Percentile £60.00 £65.00 £49.50
90th Percentile £72.50 £75.00 £65.00
UK excluding London median hourly rate £38.12 £35.00 £20.00
% change year-on-year +8.91% +75.00% -4.99%

CI/CD
Job Vacancy Trend

Job postings citing CI/CD as a proportion of all IT jobs advertised.

Job vacancy trend for CI/CD in the UK

CI/CD
Contractor Daily Rate Trend

3-month moving average daily rate quoted in jobs citing CI/CD.

Daily rate trend for CI/CD in the UK

CI/CD
Daily Rate Histogram

Daily rate distribution for jobs citing CI/CD over the 6 months to 29 May 2024.

Daily rate histogram for CI/CD in the UK

CI/CD
Contractor Hourly Rate Trend

3-month moving average hourly rates quoted in jobs citing CI/CD.

Hourly rate trend for CI/CD in the UK

CI/CD
Hourly Rate Histogram

Hourly rate distribution of jobs citing CI/CD over the 6 months to 29 May 2024.

Hourly rate histogram for CI/CD in the UK

CI/CD
Top 16 Contract Locations

The table below looks at the demand and provides a guide to the median contractor rates quoted in IT jobs citing CI/CD within the UK over the 6 months to 29 May 2024. The 'Rank Change' column provides an indication of the change in demand within each location based on the same 6 month period last year.

Location Rank Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Matching
Contract
IT Job Ads
Median
Daily Rate
Past 6 Months
Median Daily Rate
% Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Live
Jobs
England -8 2,129 £550 -8.29% 1,233
London -6 1,314 £565 -9.24% 576
UK excluding London -6 876 £534 -2.91% 734
Work from Home -9 853 £550 -8.33% 748
North of England +3 297 £538 -2.27% 242
South East -24 177 £600 +4.35% 123
North West -3 168 £550 - 147
South West -14 154 £590 -1.67% 114
Scotland -8 127 £490 -2.00% 67
Yorkshire +16 117 £500 -12.28% 67
Midlands -35 60 £475 -11.38% 100
West Midlands -26 46 £475 -17.39% 75
East of England -22 41 £534 +2.69% 63
Wales +11 24 £509 -13.23% 20
North East -15 12 £469 -21.88% 30
East Midlands -8 11 £398 -6.47% 25

CI/CD
Co-occurring Skills and Capabilities by Category

The follow tables expand on the table above by listing co-occurrences grouped by category. The same employment type, locality and period is covered with up to 20 co-occurrences shown in each of the following categories:

Application Platforms
1 101 (4.08%) Confluence
2 74 (2.99%) Apache Spark
3 73 (2.95%) Apache
4 69 (2.79%) Apache Airflow
5 31 (1.25%) Microsoft Exchange
6 24 (0.97%) nginx
6 24 (0.97%) OpenStack
7 20 (0.81%) SharePoint
8 17 (0.69%) CMS
9 14 (0.57%) Anypoint
9 14 (0.57%) JBoss
10 11 (0.44%) IIS
11 10 (0.40%) BizTalk Server
12 9 (0.36%) Jupyter
12 9 (0.36%) SAS
13 8 (0.32%) Adobe Experience Manager
14 5 (0.20%) Apache Solr
14 5 (0.20%) Appian
14 5 (0.20%) Mule
14 5 (0.20%) Mule ESB
Applications
1 8 (0.32%) Microsoft Office
2 5 (0.20%) CPLEX
2 5 (0.20%) Microsoft Excel
3 4 (0.16%) Chatbot
4 3 (0.12%) Microsoft PowerPoint
4 3 (0.12%) Windchill
5 2 (0.081%) Gliffy
5 2 (0.081%) Trello
6 1 (0.040%) PlantUML
Business Applications
1 14 (0.57%) Dynamics CRM
2 9 (0.36%) Salesforce CRM
3 7 (0.28%) Endur
4 6 (0.24%) NEC Housing
4 6 (0.24%) SAP Hybris
5 4 (0.16%) SAP S/4HANA
5 4 (0.16%) Shopify
6 3 (0.12%) Aladdin
6 3 (0.12%) Distributed Ledger
6 3 (0.12%) ENOVIA
6 3 (0.12%) Remedy ITSM
6 3 (0.12%) Teamcenter
7 2 (0.081%) BusinessWorks
7 2 (0.081%) SimCorp Dimension
8 1 (0.040%) Fidessa
8 1 (0.040%) Magento
8 1 (0.040%) Markit EDM
8 1 (0.040%) NetSuite
8 1 (0.040%) Oracle EBS
8 1 (0.040%) Workday HCM
Cloud Services
1 907 (36.68%) AWS
2 861 (34.82%) Azure
3 362 (14.64%) Azure DevOps
4 307 (12.41%) Serverless
5 302 (12.21%) GitHub
6 289 (11.69%) GCP
7 186 (7.52%) Amazon S3
8 172 (6.96%) AWS Lambda
9 155 (6.27%) Entra ID
10 129 (5.22%) Amazon EC2
11 118 (4.77%) OpenShift
12 106 (4.29%) AWS CloudFormation
13 99 (4.00%) GitHub Actions
14 91 (3.68%) Amazon EKS
14 91 (3.68%) Azure Functions
15 84 (3.40%) Azure Cosmos DB
16 81 (3.28%) Amazon CloudWatch
17 75 (3.03%) PaaS
18 72 (2.91%) Azure Monitor
19 71 (2.87%) Virtual Private Cloud
Communications & Networking
1 165 (6.67%) Firewall
2 107 (4.33%) VPN
3 73 (2.95%) DNS
4 49 (1.98%) TCP/IP
5 46 (1.86%) HTTP
6 38 (1.54%) Network Security
7 32 (1.29%) SSL
8 29 (1.17%) DHCP
9 15 (0.61%) BGP
10 12 (0.49%) SAN
11 11 (0.44%) Ethernet
12 10 (0.40%) Ethernet VPN
12 10 (0.40%) MPLS
12 10 (0.40%) Radio Access Network
12 10 (0.40%) VSAN
12 10 (0.40%) Wi-Fi
13 8 (0.32%) AMQP
13 8 (0.32%) Internet
14 7 (0.28%) Reverse Proxy
15 6 (0.24%) Intranet
Database & Business Intelligence
1 188 (7.60%) SQL Server
2 176 (7.12%) NoSQL
3 140 (5.66%) PostgreSQL
4 105 (4.25%) MongoDB
5 104 (4.21%) Relational Database
6 78 (3.15%) Data Warehouse
7 73 (2.95%) Amazon RDS
8 72 (2.91%) Elasticsearch
9 71 (2.87%) MySQL
10 68 (2.75%) Azure SQL Database
11 66 (2.67%) Data Lake
12 59 (2.39%) Big Data
13 58 (2.35%) Power BI
14 45 (1.82%) DynamoDB
15 35 (1.42%) Amazon Redshift
16 33 (1.33%) BigQuery
16 33 (1.33%) Redis
17 27 (1.09%) Hadoop
17 27 (1.09%) Oracle Database
18 25 (1.01%) Apache Cassandra
Development Applications
1 578 (23.37%) Jenkins
2 468 (18.92%) Git
3 312 (12.62%) GitLab
4 209 (8.45%) JIRA
5 120 (4.85%) Selenium
6 108 (4.37%) Cypress.io
7 84 (3.40%) Cucumber
8 77 (3.11%) Postman
9 71 (2.87%) TeamCity
10 69 (2.79%) Bitbucket
11 66 (2.67%) JUnit
12 54 (2.18%) Atlassian Bamboo
13 53 (2.14%) SpecFlow
14 51 (2.06%) Visual Studio
15 49 (1.98%) Maven
16 48 (1.94%) Artifactory
17 47 (1.90%) SonarQube
18 44 (1.78%) JMeter
19 32 (1.29%) Mockito
19 32 (1.29%) WebDriver
General
1 505 (20.42%) Social Skills
2 445 (17.99%) Finance
3 227 (9.18%) Public Sector
4 195 (7.89%) Analytical Skills
5 167 (6.75%) Banking
6 65 (2.63%) Front Office
7 53 (2.14%) Retail
8 46 (1.86%) Inclusion and Diversity
9 37 (1.50%) Presentation Skills
10 34 (1.37%) Telecoms
11 29 (1.17%) Investment Banking
12 28 (1.13%) Law
13 25 (1.01%) Legal
14 22 (0.89%) Pharmaceutical
15 21 (0.85%) Back Office
16 19 (0.77%) Financial Institution
17 18 (0.73%) Aerospace
17 18 (0.73%) Electronics
17 18 (0.73%) Manufacturing
17 18 (0.73%) Marketing
Job Titles
1 694 (28.06%) Developer
2 384 (15.53%) DevOps Engineer
3 367 (14.84%) Senior
4 260 (10.51%) Architect
5 202 (8.17%) Lead
6 159 (6.43%) Senior Developer
7 143 (5.78%) Java Developer
8 139 (5.62%) Azure Engineer
9 136 (5.50%) AWS Engineer
10 125 (5.05%) Software Engineer
11 122 (4.93%) Data Engineer
12 110 (4.45%) Full Stack Developer
13 94 (3.80%) AWS DevOps
14 90 (3.64%) Python Developer
15 82 (3.32%) AWS DevOps Engineer
15 82 (3.32%) Cloud Engineer
16 74 (2.99%) Software Developer
17 73 (2.95%) Solutions Architect
18 68 (2.75%) Java Engineer
19 67 (2.71%) Azure Developer
Libraries, Frameworks & Software Standards
1 285 (11.52%) React
2 284 (11.48%) .NET
3 253 (10.23%) Node.js
4 234 (9.46%) REST
5 174 (7.04%) Spring
6 162 (6.55%) HTML
7 157 (6.35%) Kafka
8 154 (6.23%) XML
9 151 (6.11%) Spring Boot
10 148 (5.98%) CSS
11 115 (4.65%) RESTful
12 113 (4.57%) .NET Core
13 104 (4.21%) AngularJS
14 91 (3.68%) JSON
15 88 (3.56%) Elastic Stack
16 87 (3.52%) YAML
17 86 (3.48%) .NET Framework
18 80 (3.23%) ARM Templates
19 70 (2.83%) Web Services
20 67 (2.71%) GraphQL
Miscellaneous
1 170 (6.87%) Product Ownership
2 96 (3.88%) Public Cloud
3 86 (3.48%) Cloud Native
4 75 (3.03%) Distributed Systems
5 60 (2.43%) Algorithms
5 60 (2.43%) Linux Command Line
6 57 (2.30%) Data Structures
7 52 (2.10%) Greenfield Project
8 51 (2.06%) Mobile App
9 43 (1.74%) Legacy Systems
10 39 (1.58%) Data Protection Act
11 37 (1.50%) Derivative
12 36 (1.46%) Data Centre
13 35 (1.42%) Foreign Exchange (FX)
14 33 (1.33%) PKI
15 30 (1.21%) Management Information System
15 30 (1.21%) Onboarding
15 30 (1.21%) Self-Motivation
16 28 (1.13%) Enterprise Software
17 26 (1.05%) Fixed Income
Operating Systems
1 426 (17.23%) Linux
2 203 (8.21%) Windows
3 99 (4.00%) Windows Server
4 98 (3.96%) Unix
5 81 (3.28%) Android
6 65 (2.63%) Apple iOS
7 57 (2.30%) Red Hat Enterprise Linux
8 25 (1.01%) CentOS
9 24 (0.97%) Windows Server 2019
10 23 (0.93%) Windows Server 2016
11 14 (0.57%) VMS
12 12 (0.49%) Ubuntu
13 7 (0.28%) Embedded Linux
14 5 (0.20%) Alpine Linux
15 4 (0.16%) AIX
15 4 (0.16%) Solaris
15 4 (0.16%) VxWorks
16 3 (0.12%) Windows 10
16 3 (0.12%) Windows Server 2012
17 1 (0.040%) Oracle Linux
Processes & Methodologies
1 1,432 (57.91%) DevOps
2 1,091 (44.12%) Agile
3 497 (20.10%) Infrastructure as Code
4 491 (19.85%) Test Automation
5 423 (17.10%) Continuous Integration
6 386 (15.61%) Software Engineering
7 375 (15.16%) Microservices
8 358 (14.48%) Containerisation
9 337 (13.63%) Problem-Solving
10 328 (13.26%) Scrum
11 260 (10.51%) TDD
12 242 (9.79%) SDLC
13 225 (9.10%) Full Stack Development
14 189 (7.64%) Migration
15 174 (7.04%) Computer Science
16 170 (6.87%) Analytics
17 157 (6.35%) Continuous Delivery
18 155 (6.27%) Continuous Deployment
19 154 (6.23%) Unit Testing
20 147 (5.94%) Configuration Management
Programming Languages
1 847 (34.25%) Python
2 560 (22.64%) Java
3 448 (18.12%) SQL
4 364 (14.72%) JavaScript
5 339 (13.71%) PowerShell
6 314 (12.70%) C#
7 223 (9.02%) TypeScript
8 215 (8.69%) Bash
9 134 (5.42%) Go
10 95 (3.84%) Bicep
11 93 (3.76%) Shell Script
12 88 (3.56%) C++
13 58 (2.35%) Perl
14 55 (2.22%) Scala
15 51 (2.06%) Kotlin
16 42 (1.70%) Ruby
17 40 (1.62%) C
18 35 (1.42%) Groovy
19 25 (1.01%) PHP
20 24 (0.97%) VBScript
Qualifications
1 472 (19.09%) Security Cleared
2 361 (14.60%) SC Cleared
3 204 (8.25%) Degree
4 122 (4.93%) DV Cleared
5 118 (4.77%) Computer Science Degree
6 42 (1.70%) AWS Certification
7 27 (1.09%) Azure Certification
7 27 (1.09%) Master's Degree
8 20 (0.81%) ITIL Foundation Certificate
9 19 (0.77%) CISSP
10 18 (0.73%) AWS Certified DevOps Engineer
11 14 (0.57%) BPSS Clearance
11 14 (0.57%) CISM
12 12 (0.49%) AWS Certified Solutions Architect
12 12 (0.49%) ISTQB
13 7 (0.28%) AAT
14 6 (0.24%) CISA
14 6 (0.24%) Microsoft Certification
15 5 (0.20%) ISTQB Foundation Certification
16 4 (0.16%) Numerate Degree
Quality Assurance & Compliance
1 160 (6.47%) QA
2 62 (2.51%) Accessibility
3 49 (1.98%) Data Quality
4 23 (0.93%) MISRA
5 20 (0.81%) ISO/IEC 27001
5 20 (0.81%) NIST
6 18 (0.73%) GDPR
7 15 (0.61%) SLA
7 15 (0.61%) WCAG
8 14 (0.57%) Disclosure Scotland
8 14 (0.57%) PCI DSS
9 9 (0.36%) HIPAA
10 6 (0.24%) NCSC
11 5 (0.20%) ISO 9001
12 4 (0.16%) ISO 20022
12 4 (0.16%) MiFID
12 4 (0.16%) MISRA C
12 4 (0.16%) PMO
13 3 (0.12%) Cyber Essentials
13 3 (0.12%) ISO 22301
System Software
1 566 (22.89%) Docker
2 186 (7.52%) Active Directory
3 68 (2.75%) Virtual Machines
4 32 (1.29%) VMware Infrastructure
5 25 (1.01%) VMware NSX
6 23 (0.93%) Virtual Desktop
7 14 (0.57%) Apache ZooKeeper
8 10 (0.40%) vCloud
8 10 (0.40%) vSphere
9 9 (0.36%) HDFS
9 9 (0.36%) VMware ESXi
10 8 (0.32%) Firmware
11 3 (0.12%) Embedded Firmware
11 3 (0.12%) Hyper-V
11 3 (0.12%) LXC
12 1 (0.040%) Apache Flume
12 1 (0.040%) Ceph
12 1 (0.040%) NFS
12 1 (0.040%) Oracle RAC
12 1 (0.040%) Postfix
Systems Management
1 661 (26.73%) Kubernetes
2 630 (25.48%) Terraform
3 370 (14.96%) Ansible
4 155 (6.27%) Grafana
5 130 (5.26%) Prometheus
6 79 (3.19%) Puppet
7 64 (2.59%) Progress Chef
8 55 (2.22%) Kibana
9 32 (1.29%) logstash
10 26 (1.05%) PowerCLI
11 23 (0.93%) SCOM
12 22 (0.89%) Packer
13 21 (0.85%) Active Directory Federation Services
13 21 (0.85%) Docker Swarm
13 21 (0.85%) Microsoft Intune
13 21 (0.85%) Single Sign-On
14 20 (0.81%) SCCM
14 20 (0.81%) WSUS
15 19 (0.77%) Istio
16 18 (0.73%) Argo
Vendors
1 353 (14.27%) Microsoft
2 153 (6.19%) Google
3 116 (4.69%) Oracle
4 76 (3.07%) Splunk
5 70 (2.83%) Databricks
6 62 (2.51%) VMware
7 50 (2.02%) Salesforce
7 50 (2.02%) SAP
8 41 (1.66%) ServiceNow
9 40 (1.62%) Atlassian
10 38 (1.54%) Red Hat
11 37 (1.50%) IBM
12 31 (1.25%) MuleSoft
13 27 (1.09%) CyberArk
14 26 (1.05%) Dell
15 22 (0.89%) HP
16 20 (0.81%) Cisco
17 18 (0.73%) BeyondTrust
18 17 (0.69%) TIBCO
19 16 (0.65%) AppDynamics