CSS (Cascading Style Sheets)
UK

The following table provides summary statistics for permanent job vacancies with a requirement for CSS skills. Included is a benchmarking guide to the salaries offered in vacancies that have cited CSS over the 6 months to 28 May 2024 with a comparison to the same period in the previous 2 years.

6 months to
28 May 2024
Same period 2023 Same period 2022
Rank 56 44 35
Rank change year-on-year -12 -9 -11
Permanent jobs citing CSS 4,167 5,897 14,491
As % of all permanent jobs advertised in the UK 4.06% 6.06% 8.68%
As % of the Libraries, Frameworks & Software Standards category 19.55% 20.22% 21.04%
Number of salaries quoted 2,889 3,151 5,962
10th Percentile £31,250 £36,250 £32,500
25th Percentile £38,750 £44,750 £40,000
Median annual salary (50th Percentile) £52,500 £55,690 £55,000
Median % change year-on-year -5.73% +1.25% +10.00%
75th Percentile £67,500 £75,772 £70,000
90th Percentile £80,000 £92,500 £87,500
UK excluding London median annual salary £50,000 £52,500 £50,000
% change year-on-year -4.76% +5.00% +11.11%

All Software Libraries and Frameworks
UK

CSS is in the Software Libraries and Frameworks category. The following table is for comparison with the above and provides summary statistics for all permanent job vacancies with a requirement for technical specification, industry standards, software libraries and framework skills.

Permanent vacancies with a requirement for technical specification, industry standards, software libraries and framework skills 21,317 29,159 68,887
As % of all permanent jobs advertised in the UK 20.77% 29.95% 41.26%
Number of salaries quoted 15,893 18,093 29,995
10th Percentile £36,250 £40,500 £37,500
25th Percentile £45,000 £51,000 £47,500
Median annual salary (50th Percentile) £60,000 £67,500 £65,000
Median % change year-on-year -11.11% +3.85% +18.18%
75th Percentile £78,750 £87,500 £82,500
90th Percentile £100,000 £106,250 £100,000
UK excluding London median annual salary £55,000 £57,500 £55,000
% change year-on-year -4.35% +4.55% +10.00%

CSS
Job Vacancy Trend

Job postings citing CSS as a proportion of all IT jobs advertised.

Job vacancy trend for CSS in the UK

CSS
Salary Trend

3-month moving average salary quoted in jobs citing CSS.

Salary trend for CSS in the UK

CSS
Salary Histogram

Salary distribution for jobs citing CSS over the 6 months to 28 May 2024.

Salary histogram for CSS in the UK

CSS
Top 17 Job Locations

The table below looks at the demand and provides a guide to the median salaries quoted in IT jobs citing CSS within the UK over the 6 months to 28 May 2024. The 'Rank Change' column provides an indication of the change in demand within each location based on the same 6 month period last year.

Location Rank Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Matching
Permanent
IT Job Ads
Median Salary
Past 6 Months
Median Salary
% Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Live
Jobs
England -14 3,439 £52,500 -8.70% 991
UK excluding London -13 3,267 £50,000 -4.76% 721
Work from Home +4 1,684 £52,500 -5.26% 579
North of England -15 789 £47,500 -9.52% 198
London -38 753 £70,000 - 315
South East -15 726 £55,000 +4.76% 134
North West -15 514 £50,000 -3.85% 121
Midlands -13 456 £45,000 -18.18% 166
South West +26 433 £50,000 +5.26% 85
Scotland -1 414 £59,470 +13.28% 37
East of England +3 280 £50,000 -4.76% 78
East Midlands +14 235 £45,000 +2.86% 69
West Midlands -44 216 £47,500 -13.64% 97
Yorkshire -14 215 £45,000 -14.29% 56
Wales +8 106 £50,000 +11.11% 21
Northern Ireland +14 63 £45,000 -14.29% 17
North East -2 60 £42,500 -22.73% 21

CSS
Co-occurring Skills and Capabilities by Category

The follow tables expand on the table above by listing co-occurrences grouped by category. The same employment type, locality and period is covered with up to 20 co-occurrences shown in each of the following categories:

Application Platforms
1 292 (7.01%) ArcGIS
2 282 (6.77%) GeoServer
3 239 (5.74%) WordPress
4 233 (5.59%) CMS
5 85 (2.04%) SharePoint
6 72 (1.73%) IIS
7 53 (1.27%) FileNet
8 49 (1.18%) Drupal
9 42 (1.01%) Umbraco
10 40 (0.96%) Apache
11 36 (0.86%) nginx
12 25 (0.60%) SAS
13 20 (0.48%) Cloud Foundry
14 18 (0.43%) Confluence
15 15 (0.36%) Apache Solr
16 11 (0.26%) Headless CMS
16 11 (0.26%) Microsoft Exchange
17 9 (0.22%) Sitecore CMS
18 7 (0.17%) Joomla!
19 6 (0.14%) JBoss
Applications
1 64 (1.54%) Photoshop
2 50 (1.20%) Adobe XD
3 36 (0.86%) Microsoft Excel
4 33 (0.79%) Microsoft Office
5 32 (0.77%) Adobe Illustrator
6 29 (0.70%) Adobe Creative Suite
7 28 (0.67%) Sketch
8 13 (0.31%) InVision
9 9 (0.22%) Trello
10 7 (0.17%) Adobe After Effects
11 6 (0.14%) Acrobat
11 6 (0.14%) InDesign
11 6 (0.14%) Microsoft PowerPoint
12 4 (0.096%) Adobe Premiere
12 4 (0.096%) SPSS
13 3 (0.072%) Final Cut Pro
13 3 (0.072%) Spreadsheet
13 3 (0.072%) UserZoom
14 2 (0.048%) FileZilla
14 2 (0.048%) MadCap Flare
Business Applications
1 68 (1.63%) Magento
2 51 (1.22%) Shopify
3 37 (0.89%) Dynamics CRM
4 34 (0.82%) SDL Web 8
5 20 (0.48%) Payment Gateway
5 20 (0.48%) Remedy ITSM
6 13 (0.31%) Salesforce CRM
7 6 (0.14%) SAP PLM
7 6 (0.14%) Teamcenter
8 5 (0.12%) NetSuite
9 3 (0.072%) Maximo
9 3 (0.072%) Sage 200
9 3 (0.072%) SAP Business One
10 2 (0.048%) CiviCRM
10 2 (0.048%) nopCommerce
10 2 (0.048%) SAP GRC
11 1 (0.024%) Sage 50
11 1 (0.024%) Towers Watson Igloo
Cloud Services
1 1,575 (37.80%) Azure
2 869 (20.85%) AWS
3 411 (9.86%) Azure DevOps
4 238 (5.71%) IBM Cloud
5 209 (5.02%) Serverless
6 161 (3.86%) SaaS
7 156 (3.74%) Azure Functions
8 154 (3.70%) Azure Service Bus
9 146 (3.50%) GitHub
10 141 (3.38%) Azure Logic Apps
11 133 (3.19%) Power Platform
12 125 (3.00%) Azure API Management
13 93 (2.23%) GCP
14 90 (2.16%) Figma
15 85 (2.04%) Amazon S3
16 66 (1.58%) Power Automate
17 57 (1.37%) Google Analytics
18 56 (1.34%) Dynamics 365
19 55 (1.32%) PowerApps
20 51 (1.22%) Microsoft 365
Communications & Networking
1 81 (1.94%) Internet
2 56 (1.34%) HTTP
3 55 (1.32%) TCP/IP
4 50 (1.20%) DNS
5 37 (0.89%) SSL
6 23 (0.55%) MQTT
7 22 (0.53%) Firewall
8 18 (0.43%) SSH
9 17 (0.41%) Network Security
10 16 (0.38%) SNMP
11 12 (0.29%) Modbus
11 12 (0.29%) VPN
12 8 (0.19%) Intranet
13 6 (0.14%) FTP
13 6 (0.14%) OpenVPN
13 6 (0.14%) Wi-Fi
14 5 (0.12%) Reverse Proxy
14 5 (0.12%) VoIP
15 4 (0.096%) Broadband
15 4 (0.096%) SMS
Database & Business Intelligence
1 831 (19.94%) SQL Server
2 705 (16.92%) PostgreSQL
3 489 (11.74%) MySQL
4 427 (10.25%) NoSQL
5 337 (8.09%) Relational Database
6 331 (7.94%) MongoDB
7 313 (7.51%) GIS
8 282 (6.77%) QGIS
9 240 (5.76%) DB2
10 187 (4.49%) Azure SQL Database
11 107 (2.57%) Elasticsearch
12 85 (2.04%) Power BI
13 55 (1.32%) Apache Cassandra
14 42 (1.01%) Redis
15 39 (0.94%) Tableau
16 25 (0.60%) Looker
17 24 (0.58%) SQL Server Reporting Services
18 22 (0.53%) Geospatial Data
19 21 (0.50%) Oracle Database
20 20 (0.48%) DynamoDB
Development Applications
1 817 (19.61%) Git
2 206 (4.94%) JIRA
3 178 (4.27%) Visual Studio
4 147 (3.53%) JUnit
5 135 (3.24%) Cypress.io
6 108 (2.59%) Selenium
7 94 (2.26%) Jasmine
8 79 (1.90%) Karma Test Runner
9 71 (1.70%) GitLab
10 66 (1.58%) Jenkins
11 64 (1.54%) WebDriver
12 62 (1.49%) Protractor
13 60 (1.44%) webpack
14 57 (1.37%) Bitbucket
15 53 (1.27%) TeamCity
16 52 (1.25%) Moq
17 51 (1.22%) NUnit
18 49 (1.18%) Team Foundation Server
18 49 (1.18%) Visual Studio Code
19 46 (1.10%) gulp
General
1 817 (19.61%) Social Skills
2 581 (13.94%) Finance
3 469 (11.26%) Inclusion and Diversity
4 455 (10.92%) Marketing
5 343 (8.23%) Public Sector
6 313 (7.51%) Law
7 191 (4.58%) Banking
8 180 (4.32%) Analytical Skills
9 170 (4.08%) Retail
10 109 (2.62%) Legal
11 101 (2.42%) Investment Banking
12 82 (1.97%) Advertising
13 61 (1.46%) Games
14 52 (1.25%) Manufacturing
15 45 (1.08%) Telecoms
16 44 (1.06%) Organisational Skills
17 31 (0.74%) Electronics
18 28 (0.67%) Presentation Skills
19 26 (0.62%) Back Office
20 25 (0.60%) Publishing
Job Titles
1 2,669 (64.05%) Developer
2 921 (22.10%) Senior
3 703 (16.87%) Software Engineer
4 571 (13.70%) .NET Developer
5 534 (12.81%) Full Stack Developer
6 512 (12.29%) Senior Developer
7 340 (8.16%) Lead
8 304 (7.30%) Software Developer
9 297 (7.13%) PHP Developer
10 296 (7.10%) Front-End Developer (Client-Side Developer)
11 277 (6.65%) Senior Software Engineer
12 269 (6.46%) C# Developer
13 246 (5.90%) Full Stack Engineer
14 226 (5.42%) Web Developer
15 178 (4.27%) C# .NET Developer
16 176 (4.22%) Azure Developer
17 133 (3.19%) Lead Software Engineer
18 132 (3.17%) React Developer
19 122 (2.93%) Lead Developer
20 117 (2.81%) Java Engineer
Libraries, Frameworks & Software Standards
1 3,564 (85.53%) HTML
2 1,883 (45.19%) .NET
3 1,739 (41.73%) React
4 1,095 (26.28%) AngularJS
5 963 (23.11%) jQuery
6 939 (22.53%) ASP.NET
7 827 (19.85%) .NET Core
8 791 (18.98%) HTML5
9 705 (16.92%) Vue
10 650 (15.60%) Twitter Bootstrap
11 630 (15.12%) Node.js
12 589 (14.13%) CSS3
13 583 (13.99%) Web Services
14 572 (13.73%) REST
15 451 (10.82%) Entity Framework
16 424 (10.18%) .NET Framework
17 402 (9.65%) RESTful
18 384 (9.22%) ASP.NET MVC
19 366 (8.78%) JSON
20 355 (8.52%) Laravel
Miscellaneous
1 374 (8.98%) Data Structures
2 345 (8.28%) Algorithms
3 246 (5.90%) Blockchain
4 238 (5.71%) Hybrid Cloud
5 172 (4.13%) Greenfield Project
6 143 (3.43%) Cloud Native
7 135 (3.24%) Mobile App
8 123 (2.95%) Self-Motivation
9 118 (2.83%) e-Learning
9 118 (2.83%) Product Ownership
10 63 (1.51%) Onboarding
11 58 (1.39%) CMDB
12 49 (1.18%) Legacy Systems
13 48 (1.15%) Public Cloud
14 45 (1.08%) Legacy Code
15 44 (1.06%) IoT
16 40 (0.96%) Social Media
17 39 (0.94%) Virtual Team
18 38 (0.91%) Management Information System
19 36 (0.86%) Graphic Design
Operating Systems
1 460 (11.04%) Linux
2 402 (9.65%) Windows
3 294 (7.06%) Android
4 284 (6.82%) Apple iOS
5 24 (0.58%) Unix
6 12 (0.29%) Windows Server
7 10 (0.24%) Ubuntu
8 8 (0.19%) Red Hat Enterprise Linux
9 6 (0.14%) CentOS
9 6 (0.14%) Mac OS
10 4 (0.096%) AIX
10 4 (0.096%) VMS
11 2 (0.048%) Mac OS X
Processes & Methodologies
1 1,740 (41.76%) Agile
2 1,342 (32.21%) Full Stack Development
3 1,178 (28.27%) Web Development
4 1,012 (24.29%) DevOps
5 997 (23.93%) Software Engineering
6 956 (22.94%) MVC
7 823 (19.75%) User Experience
8 770 (18.48%) Problem-Solving
9 620 (14.88%) Front End Development
10 523 (12.55%) Artificial Intelligence
11 477 (11.45%) OOP
12 475 (11.40%) OO
13 462 (11.09%) CI/CD
14 451 (10.82%) TDD
15 449 (10.78%) Design Patterns
16 439 (10.54%) Mentoring
17 417 (10.01%) Computer Science
18 364 (8.74%) Responsive Web Design
19 360 (8.64%) E-Commerce
20 341 (8.18%) SOLID
Programming Languages
1 3,498 (83.95%) JavaScript
2 1,843 (44.23%) C#
3 1,396 (33.50%) SQL
4 794 (19.05%) TypeScript
5 730 (17.52%) Python
6 709 (17.01%) PHP
7 644 (15.45%) Java
8 193 (4.63%) T-SQL
9 63 (1.51%) PowerShell
10 53 (1.27%) C++
10 53 (1.27%) Go
11 50 (1.20%) VB.NET
12 46 (1.10%) C
13 43 (1.03%) Ruby
14 28 (0.67%) Kotlin
15 24 (0.58%) XPath
16 23 (0.55%) PL/SQL
16 23 (0.55%) XAML
17 22 (0.53%) Objective-C
17 22 (0.53%) VBA
Qualifications
1 622 (14.93%) Degree
2 365 (8.76%) Security Cleared
3 331 (7.94%) SC Cleared
4 217 (5.21%) Computer Science Degree
5 57 (1.37%) Microsoft Certification
6 30 (0.72%) BPSS Clearance
7 24 (0.58%) Master's Degree
8 23 (0.55%) DBS Check
9 16 (0.38%) CTC Cleared
10 12 (0.29%) Postgraduate
11 10 (0.24%) Azure Certification
12 6 (0.14%) HND
13 4 (0.096%) DV Cleared
13 4 (0.096%) ISEB
13 4 (0.096%) ISTQB
13 4 (0.096%) ITIL Foundation Certificate
13 4 (0.096%) PMI Certification
14 3 (0.072%) AWS Certification
14 3 (0.072%) ITIL Certification
14 3 (0.072%) MCPD
Quality Assurance & Compliance
1 225 (5.40%) Accessibility
2 170 (4.08%) QA
3 68 (1.63%) WCAG
4 29 (0.70%) PMO
5 26 (0.62%) GDPR
6 25 (0.60%) SLA
7 16 (0.38%) WAI
8 5 (0.12%) ISO/IEC 27001
9 4 (0.096%) GRC
9 4 (0.096%) ISO 9001
9 4 (0.096%) MiFID
10 3 (0.072%) Data Quality
10 3 (0.072%) HIPAA
11 2 (0.048%) Cyber Essentials
11 2 (0.048%) HL7
12 1 (0.024%) ISO 13485
12 1 (0.024%) NIST
System Software
1 243 (5.83%) Docker
2 23 (0.55%) Active Directory
3 15 (0.36%) Firmware
4 6 (0.14%) Virtual Desktop
5 5 (0.12%) VMware Infrastructure
6 2 (0.048%) Terminal Services
7 1 (0.024%) Hyper-V
7 1 (0.024%) KVM
7 1 (0.024%) NFS
7 1 (0.024%) Varnish
7 1 (0.024%) Virtual Machines
7 1 (0.024%) VMware ESXi
Systems Management
1 209 (5.02%) Kubernetes
2 45 (1.08%) Terraform
3 28 (0.67%) Single Sign-On
4 13 (0.31%) WMI
5 11 (0.26%) MIIS
6 10 (0.24%) Ansible
7 7 (0.17%) cPanel
8 6 (0.14%) Active Directory Federation Services
8 6 (0.14%) Nagios
8 6 (0.14%) Progress Chef
8 6 (0.14%) Puppet
9 4 (0.096%) HP UCMDB
10 3 (0.072%) Galera Cluster
10 3 (0.072%) logstash
10 3 (0.072%) Plesk
11 2 (0.048%) Istio
11 2 (0.048%) RSA Archer
12 1 (0.024%) Grafana
12 1 (0.024%) Kibana
12 1 (0.024%) systemd
Vendors
1 538 (12.91%) Microsoft
2 293 (7.03%) ESRI
3 244 (5.86%) Red Hat
4 238 (5.71%) IBM
5 220 (5.28%) Oracle
6 165 (3.96%) Adobe
7 135 (3.24%) Google
8 62 (1.49%) ServiceNow
9 53 (1.27%) Salesforce
10 51 (1.22%) Facebook
11 49 (1.18%) WooCommerce
12 43 (1.03%) SAP
13 42 (1.01%) Atlassian
14 33 (0.79%) Xamarin
15 24 (0.58%) OpenAI
15 24 (0.58%) Splunk
16 23 (0.55%) HP
17 20 (0.48%) BMC
17 20 (0.48%) Remedy
18 17 (0.41%) Cognizant