SQL (Structured Query Language)
UK

The following table provides summary statistics for contract job vacancies with a requirement for SQL skills. Included is a benchmarking guide to the contractor rates offered in vacancies that have cited SQL over the 6 months to 28 May 2024 with a comparison to the same period in the previous 2 years.

6 months to
28 May 2024
Same period 2023 Same period 2022
Rank 13 12 10
Rank change year-on-year -1 -2 -2
Contract jobs citing SQL 4,233 6,391 10,783
As % of all contract jobs advertised in the UK 9.88% 11.36% 12.22%
As % of the Programming Languages category 32.81% 33.13% 33.89%
Number of daily rates quoted 3,070 4,602 7,791
10th Percentile £350 £363 £363
25th Percentile £418 £425 £431
Median daily rate (50th Percentile) £525 £535 £535
Median % change year-on-year -1.87% - +8.08%
75th Percentile £638 £650 £638
90th Percentile £744 £750 £750
UK excluding London median daily rate £475 £488 £475
% change year-on-year -2.56% +2.63% +11.76%
Number of hourly rates quoted 61 83 135
10th Percentile £22.61 £21.05 £16.25
25th Percentile £30.37 £28.55 £20.38
Median hourly rate £42.50 £50.00 £35.00
Median % change year-on-year -15.00% +42.86% +29.63%
75th Percentile £57.50 £70.13 £53.25
90th Percentile £63.00 £82.90 £63.69
UK excluding London median hourly rate £42.50 £49.00 £26.00
% change year-on-year -13.26% +88.44% +9.54%

All Programming Languages
UK

SQL is in the Programming Languages category. The following table is for comparison with the above and provides summary statistics for all contract job vacancies with a requirement for coding skills.

Contract vacancies with a requirement for coding skills 12,901 19,292 31,819
As % of all contract IT jobs advertised in the UK 30.12% 34.28% 36.06%
Number of daily rates quoted 9,183 13,883 23,258
10th Percentile £350 £388 £385
25th Percentile £425 £463 £456
Median daily rate (50th Percentile) £525 £550 £550
Median % change year-on-year -4.55% - +10.00%
75th Percentile £650 £678 £656
90th Percentile £763 £788 £750
UK excluding London median daily rate £488 £500 £500
% change year-on-year -2.50% - +16.01%
Number of hourly rates quoted 513 437 494
10th Percentile £32.25 £26.39 £19.52
25th Percentile £46.25 £50.00 £35.00
Median hourly rate £62.36 £62.50 £51.19
Median % change year-on-year -0.23% +22.11% +16.99%
75th Percentile £70.00 £70.00 £61.44
90th Percentile £77.50 £78.48 £72.28
UK excluding London median hourly rate £62.50 £62.50 £50.99
% change year-on-year - +22.59% +24.35%

SQL
Job Vacancy Trend

Job postings citing SQL as a proportion of all IT jobs advertised.

Job vacancy trend for SQL in the UK

SQL
Contractor Daily Rate Trend

3-month moving average daily rate quoted in jobs citing SQL.

Daily rate trend for SQL in the UK

SQL
Daily Rate Histogram

Daily rate distribution for jobs citing SQL over the 6 months to 28 May 2024.

Daily rate histogram for SQL in the UK

SQL
Contractor Hourly Rate Trend

3-month moving average hourly rates quoted in jobs citing SQL.

Hourly rate trend for SQL in the UK

SQL
Hourly Rate Histogram

Hourly rate distribution of jobs citing SQL over the 6 months to 28 May 2024.

Hourly rate histogram for SQL in the UK

SQL
Top 17 Contract Locations

The table below looks at the demand and provides a guide to the median contractor rates quoted in IT jobs citing SQL within the UK over the 6 months to 28 May 2024. The 'Rank Change' column provides an indication of the change in demand within each location based on the same 6 month period last year.

Location Rank Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Matching
Contract
IT Job Ads
Median
Daily Rate
Past 6 Months
Median Daily Rate
% Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Live
Jobs
England -1 3,659 £550 - 2,706
London +1 2,314 £575 -0.86% 1,229
Work from Home +4 1,705 £525 +2.44% 1,350
UK excluding London -5 1,480 £475 -2.56% 1,569
North of England -3 411 £475 -2.06% 480
South East -13 346 £470 -9.18% 296
North West -2 245 £475 - 275
Midlands -4 230 £425 -5.56% 312
Scotland +1 212 £450 -7.69% 109
South West -13 160 £538 +7.50% 195
West Midlands -4 148 £425 -15.00% 181
Yorkshire -4 133 £488 -4.41% 163
East Midlands +4 81 £400 - 131
East of England -19 80 £450 +4.96% 138
North East +18 33 £475 -5.00% 49
Wales +11 33 £450 -16.67% 41
Northern Ireland 0 14 £400 -11.11% 28

SQL
Co-occurring Skills and Capabilities by Category

The follow tables expand on the table above by listing co-occurrences grouped by category. The same employment type, locality and period is covered with up to 20 co-occurrences shown in each of the following categories:

Application Platforms
1 130 (3.07%) Apache
2 125 (2.95%) Apache Spark
3 123 (2.91%) Apache Airflow
4 84 (1.98%) SharePoint
5 77 (1.82%) SAS
6 67 (1.58%) Confluence
7 54 (1.28%) Microsoft Exchange
8 45 (1.06%) IIS
9 26 (0.61%) Oracle Workflow
10 13 (0.31%) CMS
11 12 (0.28%) BizTalk Server
11 12 (0.28%) MTS
12 9 (0.21%) JBoss
12 9 (0.21%) Jupyter
12 9 (0.21%) OpenStack
12 9 (0.21%) Tomcat
12 9 (0.21%) WebSphere
13 8 (0.19%) SharePoint Server
14 7 (0.17%) SharePoint 2010
15 6 (0.14%) Umbraco
Applications
1 195 (4.61%) Microsoft Excel
2 121 (2.86%) Chatbot
3 51 (1.20%) MS Visio
4 41 (0.97%) Microsoft Office
5 26 (0.61%) Microsoft PowerPoint
6 24 (0.57%) Spreadsheet
7 11 (0.26%) SPSS
8 8 (0.19%) CATIA
9 7 (0.17%) Microsoft Project
10 3 (0.071%) Trello
11 2 (0.047%) FileZilla
11 2 (0.047%) Mingle
12 1 (0.024%) Elementor
12 1 (0.024%) PTC Creo
12 1 (0.024%) Windchill
Business Applications
1 44 (1.04%) Endur
2 27 (0.64%) Aladdin
2 27 (0.64%) Dynamics CRM
3 24 (0.57%) Oracle EBS
4 22 (0.52%) NEC Housing
5 19 (0.45%) Teamcenter
6 17 (0.40%) Dynamics GP
6 17 (0.40%) Oracle Payables
7 14 (0.33%) Oracle EBS R12
7 14 (0.33%) Oracle Receivables
7 14 (0.33%) SimCorp Dimension
8 13 (0.31%) Elite 3E
8 13 (0.31%) SAP S/4HANA
9 12 (0.28%) EuroRunner
9 12 (0.28%) Oracle Financials
10 11 (0.26%) Aligne
11 10 (0.24%) ION MarketView
11 10 (0.24%) Oracle Assets
12 9 (0.21%) Adobe Campaign
12 9 (0.21%) Salesforce CRM
Cloud Services
1 1,163 (27.47%) Azure
2 794 (18.76%) AWS
3 611 (14.43%) Power Platform
4 261 (6.17%) Azure DevOps
5 231 (5.46%) Serverless
6 210 (4.96%) GCP
7 200 (4.72%) Azure Data Factory
8 161 (3.80%) GitHub
9 142 (3.35%) Amazon S3
10 140 (3.31%) AWS Lambda
11 138 (3.26%) Snowflake
12 104 (2.46%) Azure Synapse Analytics
13 80 (1.89%) PowerApps
14 79 (1.87%) Azure Logic Apps
15 77 (1.82%) Azure Service Bus
15 77 (1.82%) Power Automate
16 76 (1.80%) PaaS
17 75 (1.77%) Microsoft 365
18 71 (1.68%) Azure Cosmos DB
19 68 (1.61%) Amazon EC2
Communications & Networking
1 48 (1.13%) Firewall
2 41 (0.97%) DNS
3 35 (0.83%) Internet
4 34 (0.80%) DHCP
5 28 (0.66%) VPN
6 21 (0.50%) TCP/IP
7 19 (0.45%) SAN
8 18 (0.43%) Wi-Fi
9 16 (0.38%) Network Security
10 15 (0.35%) HTTP
11 14 (0.33%) BGP
12 13 (0.31%) FTP
12 13 (0.31%) WAN
13 12 (0.28%) MPLS
14 11 (0.26%) LAN
15 10 (0.24%) FIX Connectivity
15 10 (0.24%) SSH
16 9 (0.21%) AMQP
16 9 (0.21%) Ethernet VPN
16 9 (0.21%) Fibre Channel
Database & Business Intelligence
1 726 (17.15%) SQL Server
2 572 (13.51%) Power BI
3 423 (9.99%) Data Warehouse
4 316 (7.47%) NoSQL
5 262 (6.19%) Relational Database
6 253 (5.98%) PostgreSQL
7 237 (5.60%) Tableau
8 200 (4.72%) Oracle Database
9 192 (4.54%) Data Lake
10 191 (4.51%) Big Data
11 188 (4.44%) Azure SQL Database
12 186 (4.39%) SQL Server Integration Services
13 140 (3.31%) SQL Server Reporting Services
14 129 (3.05%) MySQL
15 102 (2.41%) MongoDB
16 97 (2.29%) Amazon Redshift
17 94 (2.22%) Amazon RDS
18 89 (2.10%) BigQuery
19 75 (1.77%) Metadata
20 67 (1.58%) Oracle Reports
Development Applications
1 290 (6.85%) Git
2 250 (5.91%) JIRA
3 145 (3.43%) Jenkins
4 83 (1.96%) TeamCity
5 67 (1.58%) GitLab
5 67 (1.58%) Visual Studio
6 52 (1.23%) Selenium
7 48 (1.13%) Cucumber
8 44 (1.04%) SQL Server Management Studio (SSMS)
9 38 (0.90%) Postman
10 36 (0.85%) Cypress.io
10 36 (0.85%) JUnit
11 33 (0.78%) Oracle APEX
12 27 (0.64%) Maven
13 25 (0.59%) NUnit
13 25 (0.59%) SpecFlow
14 23 (0.54%) Team Foundation Server
15 19 (0.45%) Artifactory
15 19 (0.45%) Bitbucket
15 19 (0.45%) Oracle Forms
General
1 1,034 (24.43%) Finance
2 911 (21.52%) Social Skills
3 594 (14.03%) Analytical Skills
4 424 (10.02%) Banking
5 271 (6.40%) Public Sector
6 264 (6.24%) Front Office
7 135 (3.19%) Investment Banking
8 123 (2.91%) Retail
9 111 (2.62%) Marketing
10 90 (2.13%) Back Office
11 74 (1.75%) Presentation Skills
12 71 (1.68%) Inclusion and Diversity
13 63 (1.49%) Telecoms
14 61 (1.44%) Manufacturing
15 43 (1.02%) Financial Institution
16 40 (0.94%) Pharmaceutical
17 38 (0.90%) Legal
17 38 (0.90%) Local Government
18 32 (0.76%) Billing
19 29 (0.69%) Publishing
Job Titles
1 1,402 (33.12%) Developer
2 655 (15.47%) Analyst
3 447 (10.56%) Data Engineer
4 443 (10.47%) Senior
5 266 (6.28%) Data Analyst
6 244 (5.76%) Architect
7 197 (4.65%) Business Analyst
8 192 (4.54%) Software Developer
9 169 (3.99%) Consultant
10 164 (3.87%) Lead
11 163 (3.85%) C# Developer
11 163 (3.85%) SQL Developer
12 154 (3.64%) Azure Engineer
13 148 (3.50%) DBA
14 136 (3.21%) .NET Developer
15 132 (3.12%) Senior Developer
16 125 (2.95%) Java Developer
17 116 (2.74%) Software Engineer
18 110 (2.60%) Business Intelligence Developer
19 109 (2.58%) Full Stack Developer
Libraries, Frameworks & Software Standards
1 499 (11.79%) .NET
2 360 (8.50%) HTML
3 207 (4.89%) React
3 207 (4.89%) REST
4 189 (4.46%) XML
5 166 (3.92%) CSS
6 162 (3.83%) Kafka
7 147 (3.47%) Spring
8 143 (3.38%) AngularJS
8 143 (3.38%) RESTful
9 138 (3.26%) JSON
10 118 (2.79%) Web Services
11 115 (2.72%) SOAP
12 113 (2.67%) PySpark
13 106 (2.50%) .NET Core
14 105 (2.48%) .NET Framework
15 97 (2.29%) Spring Boot
16 84 (1.98%) Node.js
17 74 (1.75%) ASP.NET
18 62 (1.46%) LDAP
Miscellaneous
1 148 (3.50%) Derivative
2 137 (3.24%) Product Ownership
3 113 (2.67%) Hedge funds
4 101 (2.39%) Management Information System
5 100 (2.36%) Fixed Income
6 95 (2.24%) Equities
7 88 (2.08%) Onboarding
8 74 (1.75%) Self-Motivation
9 73 (1.72%) Legacy Systems
10 70 (1.65%) Foreign Exchange (FX)
11 69 (1.63%) Algorithms
12 66 (1.56%) Enterprise Software
12 66 (1.56%) Replication
13 64 (1.51%) Data Structures
14 58 (1.37%) Cloud Native
15 55 (1.30%) Data Protection Act
16 51 (1.20%) Greenfield Project
17 50 (1.18%) Distributed Systems
18 44 (1.04%) Data Centre
19 43 (1.02%) Linux Command Line
Operating Systems
1 375 (8.86%) Windows
2 260 (6.14%) Linux
3 243 (5.74%) Unix
4 144 (3.40%) Windows Server
5 41 (0.97%) Windows Server 2012
6 34 (0.80%) VMS
7 33 (0.78%) Windows 10
8 32 (0.76%) Windows Server 2016
9 31 (0.73%) Red Hat Enterprise Linux
10 24 (0.57%) Windows Server 2019
11 18 (0.43%) Apple iOS
12 14 (0.33%) Windows 7
13 13 (0.31%) Solaris
14 11 (0.26%) CentOS
14 11 (0.26%) Windows Server 2008
15 9 (0.21%) AIX
16 8 (0.19%) Android
17 5 (0.12%) OpenVMS
18 4 (0.094%) Embedded Linux
19 3 (0.071%) zOS
Processes & Methodologies
1 971 (22.94%) Agile
2 748 (17.67%) Business Intelligence
3 633 (14.95%) DevOps
4 618 (14.60%) Data Modelling
5 603 (14.25%) Analytics
6 564 (13.32%) Problem-Solving
7 546 (12.90%) ETL
8 459 (10.84%) Software Engineering
9 452 (10.68%) CI/CD
10 440 (10.39%) Migration
11 341 (8.06%) Data Analysis
12 302 (7.13%) Scrum
13 300 (7.09%) Visualisation
14 284 (6.71%) Data Pipeline
15 282 (6.66%) Computer Science
16 264 (6.24%) Artificial Intelligence
17 257 (6.07%) Test Automation
18 242 (5.72%) Microservices
19 239 (5.65%) Data Engineering
20 215 (5.08%) Data Visualisation
Programming Languages
1 1,310 (30.95%) Python
2 758 (17.91%) C#
3 577 (13.63%) Java
4 506 (11.95%) JavaScript
5 330 (7.80%) PL/SQL
6 276 (6.52%) PowerShell
7 239 (5.65%) T-SQL
8 155 (3.66%) TypeScript
9 95 (2.24%) R
10 90 (2.13%) Shell Script
11 87 (2.06%) C++
12 78 (1.84%) Bash
13 71 (1.68%) Scala
14 69 (1.63%) VBA
15 65 (1.54%) Data Analysis Expressions
16 60 (1.42%) C
17 57 (1.35%) Perl
18 56 (1.32%) VB
19 51 (1.20%) Go
20 40 (0.94%) PHP
Qualifications
1 566 (13.37%) Degree
2 439 (10.37%) Security Cleared
3 332 (7.84%) SC Cleared
4 144 (3.40%) Computer Science Degree
5 83 (1.96%) DV Cleared
6 65 (1.54%) Master's Degree
7 53 (1.25%) Azure Certification
7 53 (1.25%) Microsoft Certification
8 36 (0.85%) BPSS Clearance
9 29 (0.69%) MCSE
10 21 (0.50%) ISTQB
10 21 (0.50%) PhD
11 18 (0.43%) MCSA
11 18 (0.43%) VMware Certified Professional (VCP)
12 17 (0.40%) Numerate Degree
13 15 (0.35%) CISSP
14 13 (0.31%) AWS Certification
15 12 (0.28%) ISEB
16 10 (0.24%) ISTQB Foundation Certification
17 9 (0.21%) PMP
Quality Assurance & Compliance
1 263 (6.21%) Data Quality
2 227 (5.36%) QA
3 45 (1.06%) Accessibility
3 45 (1.06%) SLA
4 37 (0.87%) GDPR
5 32 (0.76%) MiFID
6 26 (0.61%) PCI DSS
7 24 (0.57%) EMIR
8 19 (0.45%) Dodd-Frank
9 15 (0.35%) HL7
10 13 (0.31%) Sarbanes-Oxley
11 11 (0.26%) GxP
12 10 (0.24%) WCAG
13 9 (0.21%) Actionable Recommendations
13 9 (0.21%) PMO
14 8 (0.19%) CDISC
14 8 (0.19%) IFRS
14 8 (0.19%) ISO 20022
15 7 (0.17%) ISO/IEC 27001
16 6 (0.14%) Basel III
System Software
1 245 (5.79%) Docker
2 223 (5.27%) Active Directory
3 59 (1.39%) VMware Infrastructure
4 56 (1.32%) Virtual Machines
5 40 (0.94%) IAG
6 37 (0.87%) ACF2
6 37 (0.87%) RACF
7 13 (0.31%) vSphere
8 11 (0.26%) Virtual Servers
9 8 (0.19%) HDFS
9 8 (0.19%) Hyper-V
10 6 (0.14%) Virtual Desktop
10 6 (0.14%) VMware ESXi
11 5 (0.12%) Veritas Cluster Server
11 5 (0.12%) VMware NSX
12 4 (0.094%) NFS
12 4 (0.094%) VirtualBox
13 3 (0.071%) GPFS
13 3 (0.071%) Microsoft Virtual Server
13 3 (0.071%) Oracle RAC
Systems Management
1 246 (5.81%) Kubernetes
2 175 (4.13%) Terraform
3 84 (1.98%) Ansible
4 66 (1.56%) Grafana
5 29 (0.69%) Prometheus
6 24 (0.57%) Single Sign-On
7 18 (0.43%) ITRS Geneos
8 17 (0.40%) SCCM
9 13 (0.31%) SCOM
10 12 (0.28%) Microsoft Clustering
11 11 (0.26%) PingFederate
12 10 (0.24%) Control-M
12 10 (0.24%) Kibana
12 10 (0.24%) Microsoft Intune
12 10 (0.24%) Progress Chef
13 9 (0.21%) BladeLogic
13 9 (0.21%) Docker Swarm
14 7 (0.17%) Data Guard
14 7 (0.17%) WSUS
15 6 (0.14%) HP Fortify
Vendors
1 713 (16.84%) Oracle
2 659 (15.57%) Microsoft
3 231 (5.46%) Databricks
4 151 (3.57%) SAP
5 136 (3.21%) Google
6 121 (2.86%) PayPal
7 96 (2.27%) ServiceNow
8 87 (2.06%) Salesforce
9 85 (2.01%) VMware
10 61 (1.44%) Splunk
11 59 (1.39%) Informatica
12 53 (1.25%) Sybase
13 47 (1.11%) IBM
14 44 (1.04%) Citrix
15 37 (0.87%) Bloomberg
16 33 (0.78%) Alteryx
16 33 (0.78%) CyberArk
17 27 (0.64%) NEC
18 26 (0.61%) Cisco
18 26 (0.61%) Dynatrace