CSS (Cascading Style Sheets)
UK

The following table provides summary statistics for permanent job vacancies with a requirement for CSS skills. Included is a benchmarking guide to the salaries offered in vacancies that have cited CSS over the 6 months to 23 May 2024 with a comparison to the same period in the previous 2 years.

6 months to
23 May 2024
Same period 2023 Same period 2022
Rank 56 43 35
Rank change year-on-year -13 -8 -11
Permanent jobs citing CSS 4,138 6,297 14,163
As % of all permanent jobs advertised in the UK 4.10% 6.39% 8.65%
As % of the Libraries, Frameworks & Software Standards category 19.54% 21.15% 21.00%
Number of salaries quoted 2,880 3,183 5,985
10th Percentile £31,250 £36,250 £32,500
25th Percentile £38,750 £44,750 £40,000
Median annual salary (50th Percentile) £52,500 £56,000 £55,000
Median % change year-on-year -6.25% +1.82% +10.00%
75th Percentile £67,500 £75,147 £70,000
90th Percentile £80,000 £92,500 £87,500
UK excluding London median annual salary £50,000 £52,500 £49,500
% change year-on-year -4.76% +6.06% +10.00%

All Software Libraries and Frameworks
UK

CSS is in the Software Libraries and Frameworks category. The following table is for comparison with the above and provides summary statistics for all permanent job vacancies with a requirement for technical specification, industry standards, software libraries and framework skills.

Permanent vacancies with a requirement for technical specification, industry standards, software libraries and framework skills 21,177 29,778 67,445
As % of all permanent jobs advertised in the UK 20.98% 30.23% 41.17%
Number of salaries quoted 15,813 18,285 29,893
10th Percentile £36,250 £40,535 £37,500
25th Percentile £45,000 £51,000 £47,500
Median annual salary (50th Percentile) £60,000 £67,500 £63,500
Median % change year-on-year -11.11% +6.30% +15.45%
75th Percentile £78,750 £87,500 £82,500
90th Percentile £100,000 £106,250 £100,000
UK excluding London median annual salary £55,000 £57,500 £55,000
% change year-on-year -4.35% +4.55% +10.00%

CSS
Job Vacancy Trend

Job postings citing CSS as a proportion of all IT jobs advertised.

Job vacancy trend for CSS in the UK

CSS
Salary Trend

3-month moving average salary quoted in jobs citing CSS.

Salary trend for CSS in the UK

CSS
Salary Histogram

Salary distribution for jobs citing CSS over the 6 months to 23 May 2024.

Salary histogram for CSS in the UK

CSS
Top 17 Job Locations

The table below looks at the demand and provides a guide to the median salaries quoted in IT jobs citing CSS within the UK over the 6 months to 23 May 2024. The 'Rank Change' column provides an indication of the change in demand within each location based on the same 6 month period last year.

Location Rank Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Matching
Permanent
IT Job Ads
Median Salary
Past 6 Months
Median Salary
% Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Live
Jobs
England -15 3,412 £52,500 -8.70% 1,091
UK excluding London -18 3,242 £50,000 -4.76% 838
Work from Home +1 1,679 £52,500 -5.26% 637
North of England -15 781 £47,500 -9.52% 197
London -44 753 £70,000 - 406
South East -16 720 £55,000 +4.76% 236
North West -19 509 £50,000 -3.85% 118
Midlands -29 447 £45,000 -18.18% 172
South West +24 431 £50,000 +5.26% 85
Scotland -9 416 £58,941 +12.27% 41
East of England +1 280 £50,000 -6.98% 84
East Midlands +5 230 £45,000 -14.29% 73
Yorkshire -15 212 £45,000 -14.29% 52
West Midlands -51 212 £47,500 -13.64% 94
Wales +9 105 £50,000 +11.11% 22
Northern Ireland +16 62 £45,000 -14.29% 14
North East -5 60 £42,500 -22.73% 27

CSS
Co-occurring Skills and Capabilities by Category

The follow tables expand on the table above by listing co-occurrences grouped by category. The same employment type, locality and period is covered with up to 20 co-occurrences shown in each of the following categories:

Application Platforms
1 292 (7.06%) ArcGIS
2 282 (6.81%) GeoServer
3 240 (5.80%) WordPress
4 230 (5.56%) CMS
5 84 (2.03%) SharePoint
6 71 (1.72%) IIS
7 53 (1.28%) FileNet
8 49 (1.18%) Drupal
9 43 (1.04%) Umbraco
10 40 (0.97%) Apache
11 36 (0.87%) nginx
12 25 (0.60%) SAS
13 20 (0.48%) Cloud Foundry
14 17 (0.41%) Confluence
15 15 (0.36%) Apache Solr
16 11 (0.27%) Headless CMS
16 11 (0.27%) Microsoft Exchange
17 9 (0.22%) Sitecore CMS
18 7 (0.17%) Joomla!
19 6 (0.14%) Moodle
Applications
1 63 (1.52%) Photoshop
2 49 (1.18%) Adobe XD
3 34 (0.82%) Microsoft Excel
4 32 (0.77%) Adobe Illustrator
4 32 (0.77%) Microsoft Office
5 29 (0.70%) Adobe Creative Suite
6 27 (0.65%) Sketch
7 13 (0.31%) InVision
8 9 (0.22%) Trello
9 7 (0.17%) Adobe After Effects
10 6 (0.14%) Acrobat
10 6 (0.14%) InDesign
11 5 (0.12%) Microsoft PowerPoint
12 4 (0.097%) Adobe Premiere
12 4 (0.097%) SPSS
13 3 (0.072%) Final Cut Pro
13 3 (0.072%) Spreadsheet
13 3 (0.072%) UserZoom
14 2 (0.048%) FileZilla
15 1 (0.024%) SketchUp
Business Applications
1 66 (1.59%) Magento
2 51 (1.23%) Shopify
3 37 (0.89%) Dynamics CRM
4 33 (0.80%) SDL Web 8
5 21 (0.51%) Remedy ITSM
6 19 (0.46%) Payment Gateway
7 12 (0.29%) Salesforce CRM
8 6 (0.14%) SAP PLM
8 6 (0.14%) Teamcenter
9 5 (0.12%) NetSuite
10 3 (0.072%) Maximo
10 3 (0.072%) Sage 200
10 3 (0.072%) SAP Business One
11 2 (0.048%) CiviCRM
11 2 (0.048%) nopCommerce
11 2 (0.048%) SAP GRC
12 1 (0.024%) Sage 50
12 1 (0.024%) Towers Watson Igloo
Cloud Services
1 1,568 (37.89%) Azure
2 864 (20.88%) AWS
3 408 (9.86%) Azure DevOps
4 238 (5.75%) IBM Cloud
5 209 (5.05%) Serverless
6 162 (3.91%) SaaS
7 156 (3.77%) Azure Functions
8 153 (3.70%) Azure Service Bus
9 142 (3.43%) GitHub
10 141 (3.41%) Azure Logic Apps
11 130 (3.14%) Power Platform
12 125 (3.02%) Azure API Management
13 92 (2.22%) Figma
14 91 (2.20%) GCP
15 85 (2.05%) Amazon S3
16 64 (1.55%) Power Automate
17 58 (1.40%) Google Analytics
18 56 (1.35%) Dynamics 365
19 54 (1.30%) PowerApps
20 50 (1.21%) Microsoft 365
Communications & Networking
1 81 (1.96%) Internet
2 56 (1.35%) HTTP
3 55 (1.33%) TCP/IP
4 50 (1.21%) DNS
5 38 (0.92%) SSL
6 23 (0.56%) MQTT
7 22 (0.53%) Firewall
8 18 (0.43%) SSH
9 16 (0.39%) SNMP
10 15 (0.36%) Network Security
11 13 (0.31%) VPN
12 12 (0.29%) Modbus
13 8 (0.19%) Intranet
14 6 (0.14%) FTP
14 6 (0.14%) OpenVPN
14 6 (0.14%) Wi-Fi
15 5 (0.12%) Reverse Proxy
15 5 (0.12%) VoIP
16 4 (0.097%) RS-232
16 4 (0.097%) Skype
Database & Business Intelligence
1 825 (19.94%) SQL Server
2 700 (16.92%) PostgreSQL
3 485 (11.72%) MySQL
4 430 (10.39%) NoSQL
5 336 (8.12%) Relational Database
6 332 (8.02%) MongoDB
7 313 (7.56%) GIS
8 282 (6.81%) QGIS
9 240 (5.80%) DB2
10 187 (4.52%) Azure SQL Database
11 106 (2.56%) Elasticsearch
12 84 (2.03%) Power BI
13 55 (1.33%) Apache Cassandra
14 43 (1.04%) Redis
15 38 (0.92%) Tableau
16 26 (0.63%) Looker
17 23 (0.56%) SQL Server Reporting Services
18 22 (0.53%) Geospatial Data
18 22 (0.53%) Oracle Database
19 20 (0.48%) DynamoDB
Development Applications
1 813 (19.65%) Git
2 202 (4.88%) JIRA
3 178 (4.30%) Visual Studio
4 144 (3.48%) JUnit
5 135 (3.26%) Cypress.io
6 110 (2.66%) Selenium
7 95 (2.30%) Jasmine
8 80 (1.93%) Karma Test Runner
9 71 (1.72%) GitLab
10 65 (1.57%) Jenkins
11 64 (1.55%) WebDriver
12 62 (1.50%) Protractor
13 59 (1.43%) webpack
14 57 (1.38%) Bitbucket
15 52 (1.26%) TeamCity
16 50 (1.21%) NUnit
16 50 (1.21%) Visual Studio Code
17 49 (1.18%) Moq
18 48 (1.16%) Team Foundation Server
19 46 (1.11%) gulp
General
1 805 (19.45%) Social Skills
2 582 (14.06%) Finance
3 467 (11.29%) Inclusion and Diversity
4 454 (10.97%) Marketing
5 345 (8.34%) Public Sector
6 315 (7.61%) Law
7 193 (4.66%) Banking
8 182 (4.40%) Analytical Skills
9 173 (4.18%) Retail
10 107 (2.59%) Legal
11 102 (2.46%) Investment Banking
12 81 (1.96%) Advertising
13 61 (1.47%) Games
14 52 (1.26%) Manufacturing
15 45 (1.09%) Telecoms
16 43 (1.04%) Organisational Skills
17 31 (0.75%) Electronics
18 27 (0.65%) Presentation Skills
19 26 (0.63%) Back Office
20 25 (0.60%) Publishing
Job Titles
1 2,653 (64.11%) Developer
2 915 (22.11%) Senior
3 700 (16.92%) Software Engineer
4 567 (13.70%) .NET Developer
5 531 (12.83%) Full Stack Developer
6 508 (12.28%) Senior Developer
7 335 (8.10%) Lead
8 302 (7.30%) Software Developer
9 298 (7.20%) Front-End Developer (Client-Side Developer)
10 297 (7.18%) PHP Developer
11 276 (6.67%) Senior Software Engineer
12 265 (6.40%) C# Developer
13 247 (5.97%) Full Stack Engineer
14 223 (5.39%) Web Developer
15 176 (4.25%) Azure Developer
15 176 (4.25%) C# .NET Developer
16 134 (3.24%) Lead Software Engineer
17 132 (3.19%) React Developer
18 121 (2.92%) Lead Developer
19 117 (2.83%) Java Engineer
Libraries, Frameworks & Software Standards
1 3,537 (85.48%) HTML
2 1,867 (45.12%) .NET
3 1,733 (41.88%) React
4 1,083 (26.17%) AngularJS
5 956 (23.10%) jQuery
6 930 (22.47%) ASP.NET
7 821 (19.84%) .NET Core
8 781 (18.87%) HTML5
9 701 (16.94%) Vue
10 648 (15.66%) Twitter Bootstrap
11 626 (15.13%) Node.js
12 582 (14.06%) CSS3
13 581 (14.04%) Web Services
14 568 (13.73%) REST
15 447 (10.80%) Entity Framework
16 422 (10.20%) .NET Framework
17 398 (9.62%) RESTful
18 382 (9.23%) ASP.NET MVC
19 363 (8.77%) JSON
20 355 (8.58%) Laravel
Miscellaneous
1 373 (9.01%) Data Structures
2 344 (8.31%) Algorithms
3 248 (5.99%) Blockchain
4 238 (5.75%) Hybrid Cloud
5 171 (4.13%) Greenfield Project
6 145 (3.50%) Cloud Native
7 135 (3.26%) Mobile App
8 121 (2.92%) Self-Motivation
9 118 (2.85%) e-Learning
9 118 (2.85%) Product Ownership
10 63 (1.52%) Onboarding
11 59 (1.43%) CMDB
12 50 (1.21%) Public Cloud
13 49 (1.18%) Legacy Systems
14 44 (1.06%) IoT
15 42 (1.01%) Legacy Code
16 40 (0.97%) Virtual Team
17 38 (0.92%) Management Information System
18 37 (0.89%) Social Media
19 36 (0.87%) Enterprise Software
Operating Systems
1 457 (11.04%) Linux
2 403 (9.74%) Windows
3 297 (7.18%) Android
4 287 (6.94%) Apple iOS
5 24 (0.58%) Unix
6 12 (0.29%) Windows Server
7 10 (0.24%) Ubuntu
8 8 (0.19%) Red Hat Enterprise Linux
9 7 (0.17%) Mac OS
10 6 (0.14%) CentOS
11 4 (0.097%) AIX
11 4 (0.097%) VMS
12 2 (0.048%) Mac OS X
Processes & Methodologies
1 1,729 (41.78%) Agile
2 1,338 (32.33%) Full Stack Development
3 1,178 (28.47%) Web Development
4 1,009 (24.38%) DevOps
5 990 (23.92%) Software Engineering
6 955 (23.08%) MVC
7 816 (19.72%) User Experience
8 757 (18.29%) Problem-Solving
9 622 (15.03%) Front End Development
10 527 (12.74%) Artificial Intelligence
11 477 (11.53%) OOP
12 474 (11.45%) OO
13 461 (11.14%) CI/CD
14 451 (10.90%) TDD
15 446 (10.78%) Design Patterns
16 431 (10.42%) Mentoring
17 410 (9.91%) Computer Science
18 361 (8.72%) Responsive Web Design
19 356 (8.60%) E-Commerce
20 336 (8.12%) SOLID
Programming Languages
1 3,476 (84.00%) JavaScript
2 1,829 (44.20%) C#
3 1,389 (33.57%) SQL
4 794 (19.19%) TypeScript
5 727 (17.57%) Python
6 708 (17.11%) PHP
7 640 (15.47%) Java
8 193 (4.66%) T-SQL
9 63 (1.52%) PowerShell
10 53 (1.28%) C++
10 53 (1.28%) Go
11 48 (1.16%) VB.NET
12 46 (1.11%) C
13 43 (1.04%) Ruby
14 28 (0.68%) Kotlin
15 24 (0.58%) PL/SQL
16 23 (0.56%) Objective-C
16 23 (0.56%) XAML
16 23 (0.56%) XPath
17 22 (0.53%) VBA
Qualifications
1 614 (14.84%) Degree
2 366 (8.84%) Security Cleared
3 331 (8.00%) SC Cleared
4 211 (5.10%) Computer Science Degree
5 58 (1.40%) Microsoft Certification
6 30 (0.72%) BPSS Clearance
7 23 (0.56%) Master's Degree
8 22 (0.53%) DBS Check
9 18 (0.43%) CTC Cleared
10 12 (0.29%) Postgraduate
11 10 (0.24%) Azure Certification
12 6 (0.14%) HND
13 4 (0.097%) ISEB
13 4 (0.097%) ISTQB
13 4 (0.097%) ITIL Foundation Certificate
13 4 (0.097%) PMI Certification
14 3 (0.072%) AWS Certification
14 3 (0.072%) DV Cleared
14 3 (0.072%) ITIL Certification
14 3 (0.072%) MCPD
Quality Assurance & Compliance
1 226 (5.46%) Accessibility
2 170 (4.11%) QA
3 70 (1.69%) WCAG
4 30 (0.72%) PMO
5 26 (0.63%) GDPR
6 25 (0.60%) SLA
7 18 (0.43%) WAI
8 5 (0.12%) ISO/IEC 27001
9 4 (0.097%) Data Quality
9 4 (0.097%) GRC
9 4 (0.097%) ISO 9001
9 4 (0.097%) MiFID
10 3 (0.072%) HIPAA
11 2 (0.048%) Cyber Essentials
11 2 (0.048%) HL7
12 1 (0.024%) ISO 13485
12 1 (0.024%) NIST
12 1 (0.024%) PCI DSS
System Software
1 248 (5.99%) Docker
2 23 (0.56%) Active Directory
3 15 (0.36%) Firmware
4 6 (0.14%) Virtual Desktop
5 5 (0.12%) VMware Infrastructure
6 2 (0.048%) Terminal Services
7 1 (0.024%) Hyper-V
7 1 (0.024%) KVM
7 1 (0.024%) NFS
7 1 (0.024%) Varnish
7 1 (0.024%) Virtual Machines
7 1 (0.024%) VMware ESXi
Systems Management
1 210 (5.07%) Kubernetes
2 44 (1.06%) Terraform
3 28 (0.68%) Single Sign-On
4 13 (0.31%) WMI
5 11 (0.27%) MIIS
6 10 (0.24%) Ansible
7 6 (0.14%) Active Directory Federation Services
7 6 (0.14%) cPanel
7 6 (0.14%) Nagios
7 6 (0.14%) Progress Chef
7 6 (0.14%) Puppet
8 5 (0.12%) HP UCMDB
9 3 (0.072%) Galera Cluster
9 3 (0.072%) logstash
10 2 (0.048%) Istio
10 2 (0.048%) Plesk
10 2 (0.048%) RSA Archer
11 1 (0.024%) Grafana
11 1 (0.024%) Kibana
11 1 (0.024%) systemd
Vendors
1 542 (13.10%) Microsoft
2 293 (7.08%) ESRI
3 244 (5.90%) Red Hat
4 238 (5.75%) IBM
5 222 (5.36%) Oracle
6 164 (3.96%) Adobe
7 130 (3.14%) Google
8 63 (1.52%) ServiceNow
9 52 (1.26%) Facebook
10 51 (1.23%) Salesforce
11 49 (1.18%) WooCommerce
12 43 (1.04%) Atlassian
12 43 (1.04%) SAP
13 33 (0.80%) Xamarin
14 24 (0.58%) HP
14 24 (0.58%) OpenAI
15 23 (0.56%) Splunk
16 21 (0.51%) BMC
16 21 (0.51%) Remedy
17 16 (0.39%) Cognizant