Behaviour-Driven Development (BDD)
UK

The following table provides summary statistics for contract job vacancies with a requirement for BDD skills. Included is a benchmarking guide to the contractor rates offered in vacancies that have cited BDD over the 6 months to 27 April 2024 with a comparison to the same period in the previous 2 years.

6 months to
27 Apr 2024
Same period 2023 Same period 2022
Rank 300 181 134
Rank change year-on-year -119 -47 -40
Contract jobs citing BDD 337 877 1,814
As % of all contract jobs advertised in the UK 0.78% 1.47% 2.04%
As % of the Processes & Methodologies category 0.90% 1.63% 2.25%
Number of daily rates quoted 248 638 1,347
10th Percentile £325 £414 £406
25th Percentile £431 £500 £475
Median daily rate (50th Percentile) £513 £600 £550
Median % change year-on-year -14.58% +9.09% +4.76%
75th Percentile £628 £695 £650
90th Percentile £738 £743 £725
UK excluding London median daily rate £500 £500 £500
% change year-on-year - - +9.89%
Number of hourly rates quoted 2 24 17
10th Percentile - £61.63 £45.75
25th Percentile - £70.00 £65.50
Median hourly rate £56.25 £72.50 £65.54
Median % change year-on-year -22.41% +10.62% +62.83%
75th Percentile - £75.00 £79.50
90th Percentile - - £82.30
UK excluding London median hourly rate £56.25 £72.50 £48.75
% change year-on-year -22.41% +48.72% +20.37%

All Process and Methodology Skills
UK

BDD is in the Processes and Methodologies category. The following table is for comparison with the above and provides summary statistics for all contract job vacancies with a requirement for process or methodology skills.

Contract vacancies with a requirement for process or methodology skills 37,374 53,774 80,482
As % of all contract IT jobs advertised in the UK 86.31% 89.91% 90.60%
Number of daily rates quoted 24,095 37,304 56,474
10th Percentile £300 £325 £340
25th Percentile £413 £438 £425
Median daily rate (50th Percentile) £525 £550 £525
Median % change year-on-year -4.55% +4.76% +8.25%
75th Percentile £638 £650 £638
90th Percentile £750 £750 £738
UK excluding London median daily rate £500 £500 £475
% change year-on-year - +5.26% +9.20%
Number of hourly rates quoted 2,422 1,763 1,928
10th Percentile £12.75 £11.00 £12.50
25th Percentile £16.00 £16.25 £15.25
Median hourly rate £35.00 £37.34 £25.00
Median % change year-on-year -6.27% +49.36% -
75th Percentile £59.44 £65.00 £49.25
90th Percentile £72.50 £75.00 £63.75
UK excluding London median hourly rate £36.00 £36.00 £20.00
% change year-on-year - +80.00% -8.17%

BDD
Job Vacancy Trend

Job postings citing BDD as a proportion of all IT jobs advertised.

Job vacancy trend for BDD in the UK

BDD
Contractor Daily Rate Trend

3-month moving average daily rate quoted in jobs citing BDD.

Daily rate trend for BDD in the UK

BDD
Daily Rate Histogram

Daily rate distribution for jobs citing BDD over the 6 months to 27 April 2024.

Daily rate histogram for BDD in the UK

BDD
Contractor Hourly Rate Trend

3-month moving average hourly rates quoted in jobs citing BDD.

Hourly rate trend for BDD in the UK

BDD
Top 15 Contract Locations

The table below looks at the demand and provides a guide to the median contractor rates quoted in IT jobs citing BDD within the UK over the 6 months to 27 April 2024. The 'Rank Change' column provides an indication of the change in demand within each location based on the same 6 month period last year.

Location Rank Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Matching
Contract
IT Job Ads
Median
Daily Rate
Past 6 Months
Median Daily Rate
% Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Live
Jobs
England -103 283 £540 -10.00% 261
London -65 195 £540 -14.29% 104
Work from Home -75 105 £492 -12.19% 288
UK excluding London -84 95 £500 - 163
South East -13 30 £550 +10.00% 54
North of England -28 29 £500 -9.09% 30
South West -6 16 £590 +18.00% 20
Yorkshire +1 14 £550 -2.22% 5
North West -9 12 £500 -6.10% 23
Scotland +5 8 £496 +4.42% 5
Midlands +1 8 £425 +13.33% 27
West Midlands +24 7 £450 -1.37% 19
Wales +18 4 £356 -40.63% 7
North East +1 3 - - 2
East Midlands +3 1 £398 +67.37% 8

BDD
Co-occurring Skills and Capabilities by Category

The follow tables expand on the table above by listing co-occurrences grouped by category. The same employment type, locality and period is covered with up to 20 co-occurrences shown in each of the following categories:

Application Platforms
1 23 (6.82%) Confluence
2 5 (1.48%) Drupal
2 5 (1.48%) OpenStack
3 4 (1.19%) SharePoint
4 2 (0.59%) Apache
4 2 (0.59%) Apache Spark
4 2 (0.59%) Microsoft Exchange
5 1 (0.30%) CMS
5 1 (0.30%) IIS
5 1 (0.30%) JBoss
5 1 (0.30%) Red Hat Fuse
5 1 (0.30%) WebLogic
Applications
1 2 (0.59%) Mingle
2 1 (0.30%) Trello
Business Applications
1 7 (2.08%) NEC Housing
2 4 (1.19%) Dynamics CRM
3 3 (0.89%) Endur
4 2 (0.59%) FLEXCUBE
4 2 (0.59%) Oracle BPM
5 1 (0.30%) Aareon QL
5 1 (0.30%) Distributed Ledger
5 1 (0.30%) MIS ActiveH
5 1 (0.30%) OPENHousing
5 1 (0.30%) RMDS
Cloud Services
1 94 (27.89%) AWS
2 88 (26.11%) Azure
3 36 (10.68%) Azure DevOps
4 34 (10.09%) Serverless
5 30 (8.90%) GitHub
6 19 (5.64%) GCP
7 18 (5.34%) AWS Lambda
8 15 (4.45%) Power Platform
9 13 (3.86%) Amazon EC2
9 13 (3.86%) PowerApps
10 11 (3.26%) Power Automate
11 10 (2.97%) Amazon S3
11 10 (2.97%) Azure Service Bus
12 9 (2.67%) Amazon CloudWatch
12 9 (2.67%) Amazon EKS
12 9 (2.67%) AWS Step Functions
13 8 (2.37%) Amazon ECS
13 8 (2.37%) Azure Functions
13 8 (2.37%) BrowserStack
13 8 (2.37%) GitHub Actions
Communications & Networking
1 12 (3.56%) HTTP
2 5 (1.48%) Internet
2 5 (1.48%) SSH
3 3 (0.89%) BGP
3 3 (0.89%) Cisco IOS
3 3 (0.89%) IOS XR
4 2 (0.59%) Unified Communications
5 1 (0.30%) Intranet
5 1 (0.30%) PuTTY
Database & Business Intelligence
1 31 (9.20%) MongoDB
2 26 (7.72%) NoSQL
3 24 (7.12%) PostgreSQL
4 23 (6.82%) SQL Server
5 14 (4.15%) MySQL
6 9 (2.67%) Apache Cassandra
6 9 (2.67%) Relational Database
7 8 (2.37%) Azure SQL Database
8 7 (2.08%) Data Lake
8 7 (2.08%) OLTP
9 6 (1.78%) Big Data
9 6 (1.78%) Data Warehouse
9 6 (1.78%) Redis
10 5 (1.48%) Power BI
11 4 (1.19%) Amazon Redshift
11 4 (1.19%) KDB
12 3 (0.89%) DynamoDB
12 3 (0.89%) MariaDB
13 2 (0.59%) BigQuery
13 2 (0.59%) Elasticsearch
Development Applications
1 102 (30.27%) Cucumber
2 78 (23.15%) Selenium
3 75 (22.26%) Git
4 63 (18.69%) JIRA
5 58 (17.21%) Jenkins
6 38 (11.28%) Postman
7 35 (10.39%) JUnit
7 35 (10.39%) SpecFlow
8 32 (9.50%) WebDriver
9 28 (8.31%) JMeter
10 25 (7.42%) Mockito
11 23 (6.82%) TestNG
12 22 (6.53%) REST Assured
13 21 (6.23%) Cypress.io
14 19 (5.64%) SoapUI
15 18 (5.34%) Visual Studio
16 16 (4.75%) GitLab
17 15 (4.45%) Appium
18 13 (3.86%) Bitbucket
18 13 (3.86%) Maven
General
1 73 (21.66%) Social Skills
2 63 (18.69%) Finance
3 55 (16.32%) Banking
4 36 (10.68%) Public Sector
5 29 (8.61%) Investment Banking
6 27 (8.01%) Analytical Skills
7 10 (2.97%) Back Office
8 9 (2.67%) Front Office
9 6 (1.78%) Retail
9 6 (1.78%) Tech for Good
10 5 (1.48%) Presentation Skills
10 5 (1.48%) Telecoms
11 4 (1.19%) Inclusion and Diversity
12 3 (0.89%) Electronics
12 3 (0.89%) Law
12 3 (0.89%) Legal
12 3 (0.89%) Manufacturing
12 3 (0.89%) Marketing
12 3 (0.89%) Wholesale Banking
13 2 (0.59%) Financial Institution
Job Titles
1 141 (41.84%) Developer
2 73 (21.66%) Senior
3 48 (14.24%) Java Developer
4 35 (10.39%) Senior Developer
5 32 (9.50%) Tester
6 31 (9.20%) Scala Developer
6 31 (9.20%) Software Engineer
7 27 (8.01%) Analyst
7 27 (8.01%) Test Engineer
8 20 (5.93%) Lead
9 19 (5.64%) Full Stack Developer
9 19 (5.64%) Senior Java Developer
10 15 (4.45%) Test Automation Engineer
11 14 (4.15%) Software Developer
12 13 (3.86%) Automation Tester
12 13 (3.86%) QA Engineer
13 12 (3.56%) Automation Engineer
14 11 (3.26%) Business Analyst
14 11 (3.26%) QA Tester
14 11 (3.26%) Senior Test Engineer
Libraries, Frameworks & Software Standards
1 70 (20.77%) .NET
2 61 (18.10%) REST
3 51 (15.13%) React
4 44 (13.06%) Spring
5 40 (11.87%) Kafka
6 37 (10.98%) Web Services
7 36 (10.68%) AngularJS
8 33 (9.79%) RESTful
9 31 (9.20%) .NET Framework
10 27 (8.01%) Spring Boot
11 25 (7.42%) ActiveMQ
11 25 (7.42%) JSON
11 25 (7.42%) Node.js
12 23 (6.82%) HTML
13 22 (6.53%) XML
14 21 (6.23%) JAX-RS
15 20 (5.93%) CSS
15 20 (5.93%) SOAP
16 17 (5.04%) GraphQL
16 17 (5.04%) Playwright
Miscellaneous
1 15 (4.45%) Derivative
2 13 (3.86%) Product Ownership
3 11 (3.26%) Foreign Exchange (FX)
4 10 (2.97%) Distributed Systems
4 10 (2.97%) Self-Motivation
5 9 (2.67%) Enterprise Software
6 8 (2.37%) Linux Command Line
7 6 (1.78%) Management Information System
7 6 (1.78%) Public Cloud
8 5 (1.48%) Data Protection Act
8 5 (1.48%) Greenfield Project
8 5 (1.48%) Hybrid Cloud
9 4 (1.19%) Data Centre
9 4 (1.19%) Interest Rate Derivative
9 4 (1.19%) Market Risk
9 4 (1.19%) Mobile App
9 4 (1.19%) Private Cloud
10 3 (0.89%) Algorithms
10 3 (0.89%) Virtual Team
11 2 (0.59%) Distributed Architecture
Operating Systems
1 39 (11.57%) Linux
2 36 (10.68%) Unix
3 23 (6.82%) Mac OS X
4 3 (0.89%) Windows
5 1 (0.30%) Android
5 1 (0.30%) Red Hat Enterprise Linux
5 1 (0.30%) Windows Server
Processes & Methodologies
1 213 (63.20%) TDD
2 210 (62.31%) Agile
3 162 (48.07%) Test Automation
4 117 (34.72%) CI/CD
5 108 (32.05%) DevOps
6 98 (29.08%) Microservices
7 75 (22.26%) Scrum
8 60 (17.80%) Continuous Integration
9 59 (17.51%) Software Engineering
10 46 (13.65%) Full Stack Development
11 45 (13.35%) Kanban
12 41 (12.17%) Pair Programming
13 40 (11.87%) Problem-Solving
14 39 (11.57%) SDLC
15 38 (11.28%) Continuous Deployment
15 38 (11.28%) Test Strategy
16 33 (9.79%) OO
17 32 (9.50%) ATDD
17 32 (9.50%) User Stories
18 30 (8.90%) Software Testing
Programming Languages
1 161 (47.77%) Java
2 72 (21.36%) SQL
3 69 (20.47%) JavaScript
4 63 (18.69%) C#
5 59 (17.51%) Python
6 45 (13.35%) TypeScript
7 38 (11.28%) Scala
8 19 (5.64%) PowerShell
9 10 (2.97%) Bash
10 9 (2.67%) Go
10 9 (2.67%) Perl
11 8 (2.37%) Shell Script
12 7 (2.08%) C
13 6 (1.78%) C++
13 6 (1.78%) Groovy
13 6 (1.78%) Ruby
14 5 (1.48%) PHP
15 3 (0.89%) T-SQL
16 2 (0.59%) VBA
16 2 (0.59%) VBScript
Qualifications
1 77 (22.85%) Security Cleared
2 61 (18.10%) SC Cleared
3 23 (6.82%) Degree
4 10 (2.97%) DV Cleared
5 9 (2.67%) Computer Science Degree
5 9 (2.67%) ISTQB
6 8 (2.37%) ISTQB Foundation Certification
7 6 (1.78%) Master's Degree
8 3 (0.89%) ISEB
9 2 (0.59%) Numerate Degree
10 1 (0.30%) Azure Certification
10 1 (0.30%) Microsoft Certification
Quality Assurance & Compliance
1 61 (18.10%) QA
2 29 (8.61%) Accessibility
3 6 (1.78%) WCAG
4 2 (0.59%) Disclosure Scotland
4 2 (0.59%) HL7
5 1 (0.30%) GDPR
5 1 (0.30%) PCI DSS
5 1 (0.30%) SLA
System Software
1 52 (15.43%) Docker
2 1 (0.30%) Active Directory
2 1 (0.30%) Hyper-V
2 1 (0.30%) Terminal Services
2 1 (0.30%) vSphere
Systems Management
1 57 (16.91%) Kubernetes
2 37 (10.98%) Terraform
3 30 (8.90%) Ansible
4 14 (4.15%) Grafana
5 8 (2.37%) Prometheus
6 5 (1.48%) HP ALM
6 5 (1.48%) Progress Chef
6 5 (1.48%) Puppet
7 4 (1.19%) Kibana
7 4 (1.19%) Nagios
8 2 (0.59%) logstash
9 1 (0.30%) HP Quality Center
9 1 (0.30%) Istio
9 1 (0.30%) vRealize
Vendors
1 38 (11.28%) Microsoft
2 24 (7.12%) Oracle
3 8 (2.37%) Salesforce
3 8 (2.37%) SAP
4 7 (2.08%) NEC
4 7 (2.08%) Splunk
5 5 (1.48%) Atlassian
5 5 (1.48%) CA Agile Central
5 5 (1.48%) New Relic
5 5 (1.48%) Perfecto Mobile
5 5 (1.48%) Typelevel
6 4 (1.19%) HP
7 3 (0.89%) Cisco
7 3 (0.89%) Google
7 3 (0.89%) TOWER Software
8 2 (0.59%) ION Trading
8 2 (0.59%) Murex
9 1 (0.30%) IBM
9 1 (0.30%) OpenLink
9 1 (0.30%) Red Hat