CI/CD
UK

The following table provides summary statistics for contract job vacancies with a requirement for CI/CD skills. Included is a benchmarking guide to the contractor rates offered in vacancies that have cited CI/CD over the 6 months to 27 April 2024 with a comparison to the same period in the previous 2 years.

6 months to
27 Apr 2024
Same period 2023 Same period 2022
Rank 30 21 18
Rank change year-on-year -9 -3 0
Contract jobs citing CI/CD 2,443 4,774 7,690
As % of all contract jobs advertised in the UK 5.64% 7.98% 8.66%
As % of the Processes & Methodologies category 6.54% 8.88% 9.55%
Number of daily rates quoted 1,735 3,399 5,425
10th Percentile £405 £450 £438
25th Percentile £463 £500 £500
Median daily rate (50th Percentile) £550 £600 £600
Median % change year-on-year -8.33% - +14.29%
75th Percentile £650 £688 £688
90th Percentile £750 £775 £775
UK excluding London median daily rate £550 £550 £530
% change year-on-year - +3.77% +11.58%
Number of hourly rates quoted 30 77 54
10th Percentile £45.20 £53.75 £35.00
25th Percentile £56.25 £60.91 £47.65
Median hourly rate £65.00 £65.61 £65.00
Median % change year-on-year -0.92% +0.93% +44.44%
75th Percentile £70.00 £75.00 £67.27
90th Percentile £72.69 £75.20 £78.28
UK excluding London median hourly rate £65.00 £65.50 £60.00
% change year-on-year -0.76% +9.17% +20.00%

All Process and Methodology Skills
UK

CI/CD is in the Processes and Methodologies category. The following table is for comparison with the above and provides summary statistics for all contract job vacancies with a requirement for process or methodology skills.

Contract vacancies with a requirement for process or methodology skills 37,374 53,774 80,482
As % of all contract IT jobs advertised in the UK 86.31% 89.91% 90.60%
Number of daily rates quoted 24,095 37,304 56,474
10th Percentile £300 £325 £340
25th Percentile £413 £438 £425
Median daily rate (50th Percentile) £525 £550 £525
Median % change year-on-year -4.55% +4.76% +8.25%
75th Percentile £638 £650 £638
90th Percentile £750 £750 £738
UK excluding London median daily rate £500 £500 £475
% change year-on-year - +5.26% +9.20%
Number of hourly rates quoted 2,422 1,763 1,928
10th Percentile £12.75 £11.00 £12.50
25th Percentile £16.00 £16.25 £15.25
Median hourly rate £35.00 £37.34 £25.00
Median % change year-on-year -6.27% +49.36% -
75th Percentile £59.44 £65.00 £49.25
90th Percentile £72.50 £75.00 £63.75
UK excluding London median hourly rate £36.00 £36.00 £20.00
% change year-on-year - +80.00% -8.17%

CI/CD
Job Vacancy Trend

Job postings citing CI/CD as a proportion of all IT jobs advertised.

Job vacancy trend for CI/CD in the UK

CI/CD
Contractor Daily Rate Trend

3-month moving average daily rate quoted in jobs citing CI/CD.

Daily rate trend for CI/CD in the UK

CI/CD
Daily Rate Histogram

Daily rate distribution for jobs citing CI/CD over the 6 months to 27 April 2024.

Daily rate histogram for CI/CD in the UK

CI/CD
Contractor Hourly Rate Trend

3-month moving average hourly rates quoted in jobs citing CI/CD.

Hourly rate trend for CI/CD in the UK

CI/CD
Hourly Rate Histogram

Hourly rate distribution of jobs citing CI/CD over the 6 months to 27 April 2024.

Hourly rate histogram for CI/CD in the UK

CI/CD
Top 16 Contract Locations

The table below looks at the demand and provides a guide to the median contractor rates quoted in IT jobs citing CI/CD within the UK over the 6 months to 27 April 2024. The 'Rank Change' column provides an indication of the change in demand within each location based on the same 6 month period last year.

Location Rank Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Matching
Contract
IT Job Ads
Median
Daily Rate
Past 6 Months
Median Daily Rate
% Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Live
Jobs
England -8 2,067 £563 -6.25% 1,089
London -9 1,283 £565 -9.24% 489
Work from Home -11 903 £550 -8.33% 660
UK excluding London -11 856 £550 - 674
North of England -3 295 £558 +1.36% 187
North West -2 192 £582 +5.82% 114
South East -24 169 £600 +4.35% 136
Scotland -11 144 £500 +2.56% 74
South West -28 115 £600 - 111
Yorkshire +7 93 £538 -4.87% 57
Midlands -37 63 £475 -11.71% 78
West Midlands -28 49 £475 -12.04% 52
East of England +3 43 £500 -3.85% 59
Wales +14 28 £513 -12.54% 23
East Midlands -1 11 £398 -6.47% 26
North East -22 10 £469 -21.88% 18

CI/CD
Co-occurring Skills and Capabilities by Category

The follow tables expand on the table above by listing co-occurrences grouped by category. The same employment type, locality and period is covered with up to 20 co-occurrences shown in each of the following categories:

Application Platforms
1 86 (3.52%) Confluence
2 64 (2.62%) Apache
2 64 (2.62%) Apache Airflow
2 64 (2.62%) Apache Spark
3 34 (1.39%) OpenStack
4 30 (1.23%) nginx
5 26 (1.06%) Microsoft Exchange
6 20 (0.82%) SharePoint
7 14 (0.57%) CMS
8 13 (0.53%) Anypoint
9 12 (0.49%) BizTalk Server
9 12 (0.49%) JBoss
10 10 (0.41%) IIS
11 8 (0.33%) SAS
12 6 (0.25%) Adobe Experience Manager
12 6 (0.25%) NServiceBus
12 6 (0.25%) Tornado
13 5 (0.20%) Apache Solr
13 5 (0.20%) Appian
13 5 (0.20%) Mule ESB
Applications
1 14 (0.57%) Chatbot
2 8 (0.33%) Microsoft Office
3 6 (0.25%) Microsoft Excel
4 3 (0.12%) Microsoft PowerPoint
4 3 (0.12%) Windchill
5 1 (0.041%) CPLEX
5 1 (0.041%) Gliffy
5 1 (0.041%) MS Visio
5 1 (0.041%) PlantUML
5 1 (0.041%) Trello
Business Applications
1 13 (0.53%) Dynamics CRM
2 8 (0.33%) Loan IQ
3 6 (0.25%) Endur
3 6 (0.25%) NEC Housing
3 6 (0.25%) Salesforce CRM
3 6 (0.25%) SAP Hybris
4 4 (0.16%) Distributed Ledger
5 3 (0.12%) ENOVIA
5 3 (0.12%) Remedy ITSM
5 3 (0.12%) SAP S/4HANA
5 3 (0.12%) Shopify
5 3 (0.12%) Teamcenter
6 2 (0.082%) BusinessWorks
7 1 (0.041%) Aareon QL
7 1 (0.041%) Magento
7 1 (0.041%) Markit EDM
7 1 (0.041%) MIS ActiveH
7 1 (0.041%) NetSuite
7 1 (0.041%) OPENHousing
7 1 (0.041%) Oracle EBS
Cloud Services
1 931 (38.11%) AWS
2 829 (33.93%) Azure
3 362 (14.82%) Azure DevOps
4 314 (12.85%) Serverless
5 275 (11.26%) GitHub
6 262 (10.72%) GCP
7 184 (7.53%) AWS Lambda
8 180 (7.37%) Amazon S3
9 132 (5.40%) Amazon EC2
10 131 (5.36%) Entra ID
11 104 (4.26%) OpenShift
12 100 (4.09%) GitHub Actions
13 98 (4.01%) AWS CloudFormation
14 95 (3.89%) Amazon EKS
15 92 (3.77%) Azure Functions
16 84 (3.44%) Amazon CloudWatch
17 83 (3.40%) Azure Cosmos DB
18 79 (3.23%) PaaS
19 69 (2.82%) Azure Monitor
19 69 (2.82%) Virtual Private Cloud
Communications & Networking
1 155 (6.34%) Firewall
2 106 (4.34%) VPN
3 63 (2.58%) DNS
4 47 (1.92%) TCP/IP
5 45 (1.84%) HTTP
6 41 (1.68%) Network Security
7 37 (1.51%) SSL
8 23 (0.94%) DHCP
9 18 (0.74%) BGP
10 15 (0.61%) VSAN
11 13 (0.53%) Ethernet VPN
11 13 (0.53%) MPLS
11 13 (0.53%) SAN
12 12 (0.49%) Radio Access Network
13 9 (0.37%) Wi-Fi
14 8 (0.33%) Internet
14 8 (0.33%) SNA
15 7 (0.29%) DSL
15 7 (0.29%) F5 BIG-IP LTM
15 7 (0.29%) FTP
Database & Business Intelligence
1 189 (7.74%) SQL Server
2 172 (7.04%) NoSQL
3 142 (5.81%) PostgreSQL
4 126 (5.16%) MongoDB
5 90 (3.68%) Relational Database
6 80 (3.27%) Elasticsearch
7 75 (3.07%) Amazon RDS
8 69 (2.82%) Data Warehouse
9 67 (2.74%) Azure SQL Database
10 64 (2.62%) Data Lake
11 62 (2.54%) MySQL
12 59 (2.42%) Big Data
13 51 (2.09%) Power BI
14 50 (2.05%) DynamoDB
15 38 (1.56%) Amazon Redshift
16 29 (1.19%) BigQuery
17 27 (1.11%) Oracle Database
18 26 (1.06%) Amazon Aurora
19 24 (0.98%) Hadoop
19 24 (0.98%) Redis
Development Applications
1 567 (23.21%) Jenkins
2 443 (18.13%) Git
3 314 (12.85%) GitLab
4 202 (8.27%) JIRA
5 121 (4.95%) Selenium
6 109 (4.46%) Cypress.io
7 100 (4.09%) Cucumber
8 70 (2.87%) TeamCity
9 68 (2.78%) JUnit
10 66 (2.70%) Postman
11 65 (2.66%) Maven
12 64 (2.62%) Bitbucket
13 58 (2.37%) SpecFlow
14 48 (1.96%) SonarQube
15 47 (1.92%) Atlassian Bamboo
15 47 (1.92%) Visual Studio
16 38 (1.56%) JMeter
17 37 (1.51%) Artifactory
18 34 (1.39%) Mockito
18 34 (1.39%) WebDriver
General
1 504 (20.63%) Social Skills
2 429 (17.56%) Finance
3 263 (10.77%) Public Sector
4 184 (7.53%) Analytical Skills
5 155 (6.34%) Banking
6 58 (2.37%) Front Office
7 56 (2.29%) Retail
8 45 (1.84%) Inclusion and Diversity
9 43 (1.76%) Telecoms
10 42 (1.72%) Presentation Skills
11 35 (1.43%) Investment Banking
12 31 (1.27%) Law
13 29 (1.19%) Financial Institution
14 27 (1.11%) Legal
14 27 (1.11%) Marketing
15 26 (1.06%) Pharmaceutical
16 24 (0.98%) Manufacturing
17 23 (0.94%) Documentation Skills
17 23 (0.94%) Electronics
18 21 (0.86%) Back Office
Job Titles
1 698 (28.57%) Developer
2 369 (15.10%) DevOps Engineer
3 336 (13.75%) Senior
4 234 (9.58%) Architect
5 220 (9.01%) Lead
6 146 (5.98%) Java Developer
7 140 (5.73%) Senior Developer
8 139 (5.69%) AWS Engineer
8 139 (5.69%) Azure Engineer
9 107 (4.38%) Data Engineer
10 106 (4.34%) Full Stack Developer
11 105 (4.30%) Software Engineer
12 96 (3.93%) AWS DevOps
13 91 (3.72%) Cloud Engineer
14 85 (3.48%) Python Developer
15 82 (3.36%) AWS DevOps Engineer
16 73 (2.99%) Software Developer
17 68 (2.78%) Consultant
18 66 (2.70%) Solutions Architect
19 65 (2.66%) Technical Architect
Libraries, Frameworks & Software Standards
1 274 (11.22%) Node.js
2 266 (10.89%) .NET
3 265 (10.85%) React
4 253 (10.36%) REST
5 166 (6.79%) Spring
6 153 (6.26%) Spring Boot
7 145 (5.94%) HTML
8 139 (5.69%) Kafka
8 139 (5.69%) XML
9 135 (5.53%) CSS
10 131 (5.36%) RESTful
11 113 (4.63%) .NET Core
12 107 (4.38%) AngularJS
13 99 (4.05%) Elastic Stack
14 96 (3.93%) JSON
15 88 (3.60%) YAML
16 80 (3.27%) .NET Framework
17 72 (2.95%) ARM Templates
18 61 (2.50%) RabbitMQ
19 59 (2.42%) GraphQL
Miscellaneous
1 138 (5.65%) Product Ownership
2 105 (4.30%) Public Cloud
3 89 (3.64%) Cloud Native
4 71 (2.91%) Distributed Systems
5 57 (2.33%) Algorithms
6 54 (2.21%) Greenfield Project
7 53 (2.17%) Data Structures
8 52 (2.13%) Mobile App
9 49 (2.01%) Linux Command Line
10 43 (1.76%) Data Centre
11 38 (1.56%) Data Protection Act
12 37 (1.51%) Legacy Systems
13 35 (1.43%) Derivative
13 35 (1.43%) Management Information System
14 34 (1.39%) Onboarding
15 27 (1.11%) Enterprise Software
15 27 (1.11%) Fixed Income
16 26 (1.06%) Self-Motivation
17 25 (1.02%) PKI
18 21 (0.86%) Foreign Exchange (FX)
Operating Systems
1 422 (17.27%) Linux
2 223 (9.13%) Windows
3 112 (4.58%) Unix
4 96 (3.93%) Windows Server
5 81 (3.32%) Android
6 66 (2.70%) Apple iOS
7 64 (2.62%) Red Hat Enterprise Linux
8 37 (1.51%) CentOS
9 21 (0.86%) VMS
10 18 (0.74%) Ubuntu
10 18 (0.74%) Windows Server 2016
11 17 (0.70%) Windows Server 2019
12 8 (0.33%) Solaris
13 6 (0.25%) Embedded Linux
14 5 (0.20%) Alpine Linux
15 4 (0.16%) AIX
15 4 (0.16%) VxWorks
16 3 (0.12%) Windows 10
16 3 (0.12%) Windows Server 2012
17 2 (0.082%) Mac OS
Processes & Methodologies
1 1,379 (56.45%) DevOps
2 1,056 (43.23%) Agile
3 491 (20.10%) Infrastructure as Code
4 461 (18.87%) Test Automation
5 421 (17.23%) Continuous Integration
6 379 (15.51%) Microservices
7 346 (14.16%) Software Engineering
8 329 (13.47%) Problem-Solving
9 326 (13.34%) Containerisation
10 321 (13.14%) Scrum
11 242 (9.91%) TDD
12 234 (9.58%) SDLC
13 220 (9.01%) Full Stack Development
14 185 (7.57%) Migration
15 166 (6.79%) Continuous Deployment
16 157 (6.43%) Continuous Delivery
17 153 (6.26%) Configuration Management
18 150 (6.14%) Analytics
19 146 (5.98%) Computer Science
20 132 (5.40%) Design Patterns
Programming Languages
1 841 (34.42%) Python
2 548 (22.43%) Java
3 452 (18.50%) SQL
4 347 (14.20%) JavaScript
5 311 (12.73%) PowerShell
6 305 (12.48%) C#
7 213 (8.72%) TypeScript
8 201 (8.23%) Bash
9 134 (5.49%) Go
10 100 (4.09%) Shell Script
11 75 (3.07%) Bicep
12 72 (2.95%) Perl
13 68 (2.78%) C++
14 52 (2.13%) Kotlin
15 51 (2.09%) Ruby
16 48 (1.96%) Scala
17 34 (1.39%) C
17 34 (1.39%) Groovy
18 28 (1.15%) PHP
19 23 (0.94%) T-SQL
Qualifications
1 500 (20.47%) Security Cleared
2 384 (15.72%) SC Cleared
3 172 (7.04%) Degree
4 114 (4.67%) DV Cleared
5 97 (3.97%) Computer Science Degree
6 42 (1.72%) AWS Certification
7 25 (1.02%) Master's Degree
8 23 (0.94%) Azure Certification
9 21 (0.86%) BPSS Clearance
10 20 (0.82%) AWS Certified DevOps Engineer
11 17 (0.70%) ISTQB
12 15 (0.61%) ITIL Foundation Certificate
13 12 (0.49%) AWS Certified Solutions Architect
13 12 (0.49%) CISSP
14 7 (0.29%) Microsoft Certification
15 5 (0.20%) AAT
15 5 (0.20%) CISM
15 5 (0.20%) ISTQB Foundation Certification
16 4 (0.16%) ISEB
17 3 (0.12%) CRISC
Quality Assurance & Compliance
1 152 (6.22%) QA
2 68 (2.78%) Accessibility
3 36 (1.47%) Data Quality
4 23 (0.94%) ISO/IEC 27001
5 18 (0.74%) NIST
6 16 (0.65%) SLA
6 16 (0.65%) WCAG
7 15 (0.61%) Disclosure Scotland
8 11 (0.45%) GDPR
8 11 (0.45%) PCI DSS
9 10 (0.41%) MISRA
10 9 (0.37%) NCSC
11 6 (0.25%) HMG Security Policy Framework
12 5 (0.20%) HIPAA
12 5 (0.20%) ISO 9001
13 4 (0.16%) ISO 20022
13 4 (0.16%) MiFID
13 4 (0.16%) MISRA C
13 4 (0.16%) PMO
14 3 (0.12%) ISO 22301
System Software
1 514 (21.04%) Docker
2 158 (6.47%) Active Directory
3 76 (3.11%) Virtual Machines
4 29 (1.19%) VMware Infrastructure
5 27 (1.11%) VMware NSX
6 18 (0.74%) Virtual Desktop
7 16 (0.65%) Apache ZooKeeper
8 15 (0.61%) VMware ESXi
9 11 (0.45%) HDFS
9 11 (0.45%) vSphere
10 10 (0.41%) vCloud
11 5 (0.20%) Firmware
12 3 (0.12%) Hyper-V
12 3 (0.12%) LXC
13 1 (0.041%) Apache Flume
13 1 (0.041%) Ceph
13 1 (0.041%) IAG
13 1 (0.041%) NFS
13 1 (0.041%) Oracle RAC
13 1 (0.041%) XenDesktop
Systems Management
1 643 (26.32%) Terraform
2 600 (24.56%) Kubernetes
3 361 (14.78%) Ansible
4 152 (6.22%) Grafana
5 131 (5.36%) Prometheus
6 79 (3.23%) Puppet
7 70 (2.87%) Progress Chef
8 62 (2.54%) Kibana
9 36 (1.47%) logstash
10 29 (1.19%) Packer
11 23 (0.94%) PowerCLI
12 22 (0.90%) Active Directory Federation Services
12 22 (0.90%) Consul
13 21 (0.86%) Single Sign-On
14 19 (0.78%) Istio
15 18 (0.74%) Docker Swarm
15 18 (0.74%) SCOM
15 18 (0.74%) vCenter Server
16 17 (0.70%) Argo
16 17 (0.70%) Microsoft Intune
Vendors
1 343 (14.04%) Microsoft
2 118 (4.83%) Oracle
3 116 (4.75%) Google
4 68 (2.78%) Splunk
5 67 (2.74%) VMware
6 62 (2.54%) Databricks
7 52 (2.13%) ServiceNow
8 50 (2.05%) SAP
9 48 (1.96%) Red Hat
10 46 (1.88%) IBM
11 44 (1.80%) Salesforce
12 42 (1.72%) Atlassian
13 32 (1.31%) MuleSoft
14 28 (1.15%) CyberArk
14 28 (1.15%) Dell
15 23 (0.94%) HP
16 22 (0.90%) BeyondTrust
17 19 (0.78%) F5
17 19 (0.78%) TIBCO
18 17 (0.70%) Cisco