SQL (Structured Query Language)
UK

The following table provides summary statistics for contract job vacancies with a requirement for SQL skills. Included is a benchmarking guide to the contractor rates offered in vacancies that have cited SQL over the 6 months to 27 April 2024 with a comparison to the same period in the previous 2 years.

6 months to
27 Apr 2024
Same period 2023 Same period 2022
Rank 14 12 9
Rank change year-on-year -2 -3 -1
Contract jobs citing SQL 4,235 7,075 11,012
As % of all contract jobs advertised in the UK 9.78% 11.83% 12.40%
As % of the Programming Languages category 33.22% 33.75% 34.12%
Number of daily rates quoted 3,042 5,114 7,955
10th Percentile £356 £369 £363
25th Percentile £425 £431 £427
Median daily rate (50th Percentile) £538 £538 £525
Median % change year-on-year - +2.38% +10.53%
75th Percentile £638 £650 £638
90th Percentile £750 £750 £738
UK excluding London median daily rate £475 £490 £455
% change year-on-year -3.06% +7.69% +7.06%
Number of hourly rates quoted 63 94 151
10th Percentile £22.64 £20.77 £16.25
25th Percentile £26.12 £31.84 £20.75
Median hourly rate £42.50 £50.00 £35.50
Median % change year-on-year -15.00% +40.85% +31.48%
75th Percentile £55.81 £70.00 £52.75
90th Percentile £62.96 £84.40 £63.60
UK excluding London median hourly rate £42.50 £40.59 £27.50
% change year-on-year +4.71% +47.60% +14.58%

All Programming Languages
UK

SQL is in the Programming Languages category. The following table is for comparison with the above and provides summary statistics for all contract job vacancies with a requirement for coding skills.

Contract vacancies with a requirement for coding skills 12,747 20,965 32,275
As % of all contract IT jobs advertised in the UK 29.44% 35.05% 36.33%
Number of daily rates quoted 9,054 15,147 23,495
10th Percentile £350 £400 £381
25th Percentile £425 £463 £450
Median daily rate (50th Percentile) £525 £550 £550
Median % change year-on-year -4.55% - +10.00%
75th Percentile £650 £675 £650
90th Percentile £750 £783 £750
UK excluding London median daily rate £489 £500 £485
% change year-on-year -2.20% +3.09% +14.12%
Number of hourly rates quoted 480 477 511
10th Percentile £31.25 £26.39 £19.91
25th Percentile £46.25 £50.00 £35.00
Median hourly rate £60.07 £60.70 £50.00
Median % change year-on-year -1.04% +21.40% +13.64%
75th Percentile £70.00 £70.00 £60.00
90th Percentile £78.88 £77.00 £67.80
UK excluding London median hourly rate £62.50 £62.50 £49.25
% change year-on-year - +26.90% +15.88%

SQL
Job Vacancy Trend

Job postings citing SQL as a proportion of all IT jobs advertised.

Job vacancy trend for SQL in the UK

SQL
Contractor Daily Rate Trend

3-month moving average daily rate quoted in jobs citing SQL.

Daily rate trend for SQL in the UK

SQL
Daily Rate Histogram

Daily rate distribution for jobs citing SQL over the 6 months to 27 April 2024.

Daily rate histogram for SQL in the UK

SQL
Contractor Hourly Rate Trend

3-month moving average hourly rates quoted in jobs citing SQL.

Hourly rate trend for SQL in the UK

SQL
Hourly Rate Histogram

Hourly rate distribution of jobs citing SQL over the 6 months to 27 April 2024.

Hourly rate histogram for SQL in the UK

SQL
Top 17 Contract Locations

The table below looks at the demand and provides a guide to the median contractor rates quoted in IT jobs citing SQL within the UK over the 6 months to 27 April 2024. The 'Rank Change' column provides an indication of the change in demand within each location based on the same 6 month period last year.

Location Rank Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Matching
Contract
IT Job Ads
Median
Daily Rate
Past 6 Months
Median Daily Rate
% Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Live
Jobs
England -1 3,629 £550 - 2,442
London +2 2,291 £575 - 1,104
Work from Home +2 1,747 £525 +1.69% 1,359
UK excluding London -6 1,473 £475 -3.06% 1,467
North of England -4 382 £475 -2.56% 396
South East -11 350 £475 -7.09% 277
North West -6 230 £475 - 236
Scotland -1 225 £475 -2.56% 123
Midlands -7 220 £425 -10.53% 298
South West -16 164 £538 +7.50% 174
West Midlands -9 148 £425 -19.05% 172
Yorkshire -8 117 £450 -10.00% 117
East of England -22 85 £450 +5.88% 163
East Midlands -2 70 £405 +1.25% 126
North East +23 35 £475 -5.00% 48
Wales +3 33 £450 -10.00% 46
Northern Ireland -1 19 £413 -8.33% 21

SQL
Co-occurring Skills and Capabilities by Category

The follow tables expand on the table above by listing co-occurrences grouped by category. The same employment type, locality and period is covered with up to 20 co-occurrences shown in each of the following categories:

Application Platforms
1 125 (2.95%) Apache
2 119 (2.81%) Apache Spark
3 108 (2.55%) Apache Airflow
4 86 (2.03%) SharePoint
5 81 (1.91%) Confluence
6 67 (1.58%) SAS
7 58 (1.37%) Microsoft Exchange
8 46 (1.09%) IIS
9 17 (0.40%) Oracle Workflow
10 14 (0.33%) BizTalk Server
11 13 (0.31%) CMS
11 13 (0.31%) OpenStack
12 12 (0.28%) MTS
13 11 (0.26%) nginx
14 9 (0.21%) Tomcat
15 8 (0.19%) SharePoint Server
15 8 (0.19%) WebLogic
15 8 (0.19%) WebSphere
16 7 (0.17%) SharePoint 2010
17 6 (0.14%) Tornado
Applications
1 195 (4.60%) Microsoft Excel
2 124 (2.93%) Chatbot
3 51 (1.20%) MS Visio
4 44 (1.04%) Microsoft Office
5 27 (0.64%) Microsoft PowerPoint
6 24 (0.57%) Spreadsheet
7 11 (0.26%) SPSS
8 8 (0.19%) CATIA
9 6 (0.14%) Microsoft Project
10 2 (0.047%) FileZilla
10 2 (0.047%) Mingle
11 1 (0.024%) Trello
Business Applications
1 41 (0.97%) Endur
2 31 (0.73%) Dynamics CRM
3 21 (0.50%) NEC Housing
3 21 (0.50%) Oracle EBS
4 20 (0.47%) Aladdin
5 19 (0.45%) Teamcenter
6 17 (0.40%) Dynamics GP
7 16 (0.38%) Oracle EBS R12
8 15 (0.35%) Oracle Receivables
9 13 (0.31%) SAP S/4HANA
10 12 (0.28%) Elite 3E
10 12 (0.28%) EuroRunner
10 12 (0.28%) Oracle Payables
11 11 (0.26%) Aligne
11 11 (0.26%) Dynamics AX
11 11 (0.26%) Oracle Financials
12 10 (0.24%) Oracle Assets
12 10 (0.24%) Oracle General Ledger
13 9 (0.21%) Adobe Campaign
13 9 (0.21%) Loan IQ
Cloud Services
1 1,128 (26.64%) Azure
2 783 (18.49%) AWS
3 595 (14.05%) Power Platform
4 266 (6.28%) Azure DevOps
5 239 (5.64%) Serverless
6 218 (5.15%) GCP
7 213 (5.03%) Azure Data Factory
8 153 (3.61%) GitHub
9 145 (3.42%) AWS Lambda
10 123 (2.90%) Snowflake
11 122 (2.88%) Amazon S3
12 111 (2.62%) Azure Synapse Analytics
13 78 (1.84%) Microsoft 365
13 78 (1.84%) Power Automate
14 77 (1.82%) PaaS
15 75 (1.77%) Azure Service Bus
15 75 (1.77%) PowerApps
16 72 (1.70%) Azure Functions
16 72 (1.70%) Azure Logic Apps
17 71 (1.68%) Azure Cosmos DB
Communications & Networking
1 62 (1.46%) Firewall
2 49 (1.16%) DNS
3 35 (0.83%) DHCP
4 34 (0.80%) Internet
5 33 (0.78%) VPN
6 24 (0.57%) SAN
7 21 (0.50%) HTTP
7 21 (0.50%) Network Security
7 21 (0.50%) TCP/IP
8 18 (0.43%) BGP
9 17 (0.40%) Wi-Fi
10 16 (0.38%) MPLS
10 16 (0.38%) WAN
11 12 (0.28%) Ethernet VPN
11 12 (0.28%) Fibre Channel
11 12 (0.28%) FTP
11 12 (0.28%) LAN
11 12 (0.28%) Radio Access Network
12 11 (0.26%) FIX Connectivity
13 10 (0.24%) AMQP
Database & Business Intelligence
1 754 (17.80%) SQL Server
2 551 (13.01%) Power BI
3 429 (10.13%) Data Warehouse
4 300 (7.08%) NoSQL
5 282 (6.66%) PostgreSQL
6 253 (5.97%) Relational Database
7 218 (5.15%) Tableau
8 206 (4.86%) SQL Server Integration Services
9 205 (4.84%) Oracle Database
10 188 (4.44%) Data Lake
11 180 (4.25%) Azure SQL Database
12 174 (4.11%) Big Data
13 151 (3.57%) SQL Server Reporting Services
14 131 (3.09%) MySQL
15 104 (2.46%) MongoDB
16 93 (2.20%) Amazon Redshift
17 83 (1.96%) Amazon RDS
18 79 (1.87%) Metadata
19 76 (1.79%) BigQuery
20 72 (1.70%) Oracle Reports
Development Applications
1 281 (6.64%) Git
2 271 (6.40%) JIRA
3 141 (3.33%) Jenkins
4 92 (2.17%) TeamCity
5 65 (1.53%) GitLab
6 61 (1.44%) Visual Studio
7 51 (1.20%) Cucumber
8 50 (1.18%) Postman
9 43 (1.02%) Selenium
10 42 (0.99%) SQL Server Management Studio (SSMS)
11 38 (0.90%) Maven
12 37 (0.87%) JUnit
13 35 (0.83%) Cypress.io
14 33 (0.78%) Oracle APEX
15 26 (0.61%) NUnit
16 23 (0.54%) SpecFlow
16 23 (0.54%) Team Foundation Server
17 19 (0.45%) Octopus Deploy
18 18 (0.43%) Artifactory
18 18 (0.43%) SoapUI
General
1 1,001 (23.64%) Finance
2 899 (21.23%) Social Skills
3 573 (13.53%) Analytical Skills
4 424 (10.01%) Banking
5 276 (6.52%) Public Sector
6 261 (6.16%) Front Office
7 130 (3.07%) Investment Banking
8 116 (2.74%) Marketing
9 112 (2.64%) Retail
10 94 (2.22%) Back Office
11 82 (1.94%) Presentation Skills
12 73 (1.72%) Inclusion and Diversity
12 73 (1.72%) Telecoms
13 70 (1.65%) Manufacturing
14 48 (1.13%) Financial Institution
15 37 (0.87%) Local Government
16 36 (0.85%) Pharmaceutical
17 34 (0.80%) Billing
18 33 (0.78%) Legal
19 31 (0.73%) Documentation Skills
Job Titles
1 1,439 (33.98%) Developer
2 606 (14.31%) Analyst
3 465 (10.98%) Data Engineer
4 430 (10.15%) Senior
5 248 (5.86%) Data Analyst
6 238 (5.62%) Architect
7 194 (4.58%) Business Analyst
8 193 (4.56%) Software Developer
9 184 (4.34%) SQL Developer
10 175 (4.13%) C# Developer
11 163 (3.85%) Consultant
11 163 (3.85%) Lead
12 151 (3.57%) Azure Engineer
13 149 (3.52%) .NET Developer
13 149 (3.52%) DBA
14 137 (3.23%) Senior Developer
15 129 (3.05%) Java Developer
16 118 (2.79%) Python Developer
17 104 (2.46%) Full Stack Developer
18 102 (2.41%) Business Intelligence Developer
Libraries, Frameworks & Software Standards
1 488 (11.52%) .NET
2 352 (8.31%) HTML
3 218 (5.15%) REST
4 201 (4.75%) React
5 189 (4.46%) XML
6 160 (3.78%) CSS
7 158 (3.73%) Kafka
8 147 (3.47%) JSON
9 140 (3.31%) Spring
10 138 (3.26%) RESTful
11 133 (3.14%) AngularJS
12 118 (2.79%) SOAP
13 116 (2.74%) Web Services
14 108 (2.55%) .NET Core
15 106 (2.50%) .NET Framework
15 106 (2.50%) PySpark
16 104 (2.46%) Spring Boot
17 94 (2.22%) Node.js
18 75 (1.77%) ASP.NET
19 69 (1.63%) Pandas
Miscellaneous
1 145 (3.42%) Derivative
2 127 (3.00%) Product Ownership
3 108 (2.55%) Hedge funds
4 98 (2.31%) Management Information System
5 91 (2.15%) Fixed Income
6 88 (2.08%) Equities
7 80 (1.89%) Onboarding
8 72 (1.70%) Algorithms
9 68 (1.61%) Self-Motivation
10 67 (1.58%) Cloud Native
11 64 (1.51%) Data Protection Act
11 64 (1.51%) Data Structures
12 62 (1.46%) Replication
13 59 (1.39%) Foreign Exchange (FX)
14 58 (1.37%) Greenfield Project
15 54 (1.28%) Legacy Systems
16 48 (1.13%) Enterprise Software
17 44 (1.04%) Distributed Systems
17 44 (1.04%) Market Risk
17 44 (1.04%) Public Cloud
Operating Systems
1 360 (8.50%) Windows
2 270 (6.38%) Linux
3 216 (5.10%) Unix
4 142 (3.35%) Windows Server
5 47 (1.11%) Windows Server 2012
6 41 (0.97%) VMS
7 35 (0.83%) Red Hat Enterprise Linux
8 31 (0.73%) Windows 10
8 31 (0.73%) Windows Server 2016
9 26 (0.61%) Windows Server 2019
10 15 (0.35%) Windows 7
10 15 (0.35%) Windows Server 2008
11 13 (0.31%) Apple iOS
11 13 (0.31%) Solaris
12 12 (0.28%) CentOS
13 9 (0.21%) AIX
14 8 (0.19%) Android
14 8 (0.19%) OpenVMS
14 8 (0.19%) Ubuntu
15 4 (0.094%) Mac OS
Processes & Methodologies
1 979 (23.12%) Agile
2 732 (17.28%) Business Intelligence
3 655 (15.47%) DevOps
4 638 (15.06%) Data Modelling
5 564 (13.32%) Analytics
6 548 (12.94%) Problem-Solving
7 545 (12.87%) ETL
8 452 (10.67%) CI/CD
8 452 (10.67%) Migration
8 452 (10.67%) Software Engineering
9 344 (8.12%) Data Analysis
10 313 (7.39%) Visualisation
11 289 (6.82%) Scrum
12 274 (6.47%) Data Pipeline
13 256 (6.04%) Computer Science
14 249 (5.88%) Artificial Intelligence
15 245 (5.79%) Data Engineering
16 243 (5.74%) Test Automation
17 242 (5.71%) Microservices
18 219 (5.17%) Data Visualisation
Programming Languages
1 1,308 (30.89%) Python
2 777 (18.35%) C#
3 566 (13.36%) Java
4 506 (11.95%) JavaScript
5 339 (8.00%) PL/SQL
6 281 (6.64%) PowerShell
7 236 (5.57%) T-SQL
8 158 (3.73%) TypeScript
9 93 (2.20%) R
10 85 (2.01%) Scala
11 82 (1.94%) C++
12 71 (1.68%) Bash
12 71 (1.68%) VBA
13 69 (1.63%) Data Analysis Expressions
13 69 (1.63%) Shell Script
14 51 (1.20%) Go
15 50 (1.18%) VB
16 49 (1.16%) C
17 48 (1.13%) Perl
18 47 (1.11%) VB.NET
Qualifications
1 537 (12.68%) Degree
2 457 (10.79%) Security Cleared
3 364 (8.60%) SC Cleared
4 130 (3.07%) Computer Science Degree
5 74 (1.75%) DV Cleared
6 62 (1.46%) Master's Degree
7 47 (1.11%) Azure Certification
8 45 (1.06%) Microsoft Certification
9 33 (0.78%) BPSS Clearance
10 27 (0.64%) MCSE
11 20 (0.47%) ISTQB
11 20 (0.47%) PhD
12 17 (0.40%) MCSA
12 17 (0.40%) VMware Certified Professional (VCP)
13 15 (0.35%) CISSP
14 13 (0.31%) AWS Certification
14 13 (0.31%) ISEB
15 9 (0.21%) Numerate Degree
16 8 (0.19%) ISTQB Foundation Certification
17 6 (0.14%) Cisco Certification
Quality Assurance & Compliance
1 258 (6.09%) Data Quality
2 223 (5.27%) QA
3 46 (1.09%) Accessibility
4 39 (0.92%) SLA
5 34 (0.80%) GDPR
5 34 (0.80%) MiFID
6 24 (0.57%) EMIR
7 20 (0.47%) Dodd-Frank
8 18 (0.43%) PCI DSS
9 16 (0.38%) HL7
10 11 (0.26%) IFRS
11 10 (0.24%) GxP
11 10 (0.24%) Sarbanes-Oxley
12 9 (0.21%) PMO
12 9 (0.21%) WCAG
13 8 (0.19%) CDISC
13 8 (0.19%) Disclosure Scotland
14 7 (0.17%) GRC
15 6 (0.14%) California Consumer Privacy Act
15 6 (0.14%) IFRS 9
System Software
1 241 (5.69%) Docker
2 212 (5.01%) Active Directory
3 60 (1.42%) VMware Infrastructure
4 54 (1.28%) Virtual Machines
5 45 (1.06%) IAG
6 40 (0.94%) ACF2
6 40 (0.94%) RACF
7 14 (0.33%) vSphere
8 11 (0.26%) Virtual Servers
9 8 (0.19%) Hyper-V
10 7 (0.17%) HDFS
10 7 (0.17%) NFS
11 6 (0.14%) Virtual Desktop
11 6 (0.14%) VMware NSX
12 5 (0.12%) Microsoft Virtual Server
12 5 (0.12%) Oracle RAC
12 5 (0.12%) VMware ESXi
13 4 (0.094%) GPFS
13 4 (0.094%) Veritas Cluster Server
13 4 (0.094%) VirtualBox
Systems Management
1 214 (5.05%) Kubernetes
2 171 (4.04%) Terraform
3 88 (2.08%) Ansible
4 73 (1.72%) Grafana
5 32 (0.76%) Prometheus
6 26 (0.61%) Single Sign-On
7 25 (0.59%) SCCM
8 22 (0.52%) ITRS Geneos
9 17 (0.40%) SCOM
10 12 (0.28%) Kibana
10 12 (0.28%) Microsoft Clustering
10 12 (0.28%) Microsoft Intune
11 11 (0.26%) Data Guard
11 11 (0.26%) Progress Chef
12 10 (0.24%) BladeLogic
12 10 (0.24%) PingFederate
13 8 (0.19%) Docker Swarm
13 8 (0.19%) ZABBIX
14 7 (0.17%) Active Directory Federation Services
14 7 (0.17%) WSUS
Vendors
1 723 (17.07%) Oracle
2 647 (15.28%) Microsoft
3 233 (5.50%) Databricks
4 161 (3.80%) SAP
5 126 (2.98%) Google
6 121 (2.86%) PayPal
7 90 (2.13%) ServiceNow
8 86 (2.03%) VMware
9 85 (2.01%) Salesforce
10 67 (1.58%) Informatica
11 59 (1.39%) IBM
11 59 (1.39%) Splunk
12 55 (1.30%) Sybase
13 43 (1.02%) Citrix
14 34 (0.80%) Bloomberg
15 31 (0.73%) Cisco
16 28 (0.66%) Dynatrace
17 27 (0.64%) Alteryx
17 27 (0.64%) Avaloq
18 26 (0.61%) Red Hat