Test-Driven Development (TDD)
UK

The following table provides summary statistics for contract job vacancies with a requirement for TDD skills. Included is a benchmarking guide to the contractor rates offered in vacancies that have cited TDD over the 6 months to 1 May 2024 with a comparison to the same period in the previous 2 years.

6 months to
1 May 2024
Same period 2023 Same period 2022
Rank 127 75 56
Rank change year-on-year -52 -19 -7
Contract jobs citing TDD 796 1,876 3,762
As % of all contract jobs advertised in the UK 1.83% 3.15% 4.24%
As % of the Processes & Methodologies category 2.12% 3.51% 4.68%
Number of daily rates quoted 530 1,400 2,788
10th Percentile £363 £450 £406
25th Percentile £456 £510 £475
Median daily rate (50th Percentile) £550 £600 £575
Median % change year-on-year -8.33% +4.35% +9.52%
75th Percentile £700 £738 £675
90th Percentile £825 £807 £750
UK excluding London median daily rate £500 £550 £500
% change year-on-year -9.09% +10.00% +11.11%
Number of hourly rates quoted 48 45 43
10th Percentile - £57.75 -
25th Percentile £61.25 £65.00 £35.00
Median hourly rate £65.00 £67.00 £65.50
Median % change year-on-year -2.99% +2.29% +31.00%
75th Percentile - £75.00 £75.42
90th Percentile - - £79.35
UK excluding London median hourly rate £65.00 £65.00 £63.62
% change year-on-year - +2.18% +41.37%

All Process and Methodology Skills
UK

TDD is in the Processes and Methodologies category. The following table is for comparison with the above and provides summary statistics for all contract job vacancies with a requirement for process or methodology skills.

Contract vacancies with a requirement for process or methodology skills 37,562 53,490 80,370
As % of all contract IT jobs advertised in the UK 86.33% 89.88% 90.59%
Number of daily rates quoted 24,188 37,115 56,434
10th Percentile £300 £325 £340
25th Percentile £413 £438 £425
Median daily rate (50th Percentile) £525 £550 £525
Median % change year-on-year -4.55% +4.76% +7.69%
75th Percentile £638 £650 £638
90th Percentile £750 £750 £738
UK excluding London median daily rate £500 £500 £475
% change year-on-year - +5.26% +8.63%
Number of hourly rates quoted 2,451 1,742 1,926
10th Percentile £12.75 £11.00 £12.50
25th Percentile £16.00 £16.25 £15.27
Median hourly rate £35.50 £36.42 £25.00
Median % change year-on-year -2.53% +45.69% -
75th Percentile £59.95 £65.00 £49.25
90th Percentile £72.50 £75.00 £64.31
UK excluding London median hourly rate £36.50 £35.00 £20.00
% change year-on-year +4.29% +75.00% -8.00%

TDD
Job Vacancy Trend

Job postings citing TDD as a proportion of all IT jobs advertised.

Job vacancy trend for TDD in the UK

TDD
Contractor Daily Rate Trend

3-month moving average daily rate quoted in jobs citing TDD.

Daily rate trend for TDD in the UK

TDD
Daily Rate Histogram

Daily rate distribution for jobs citing TDD over the 6 months to 1 May 2024.

Daily rate histogram for TDD in the UK

TDD
Contractor Hourly Rate Trend

3-month moving average hourly rates quoted in jobs citing TDD.

Hourly rate trend for TDD in the UK

TDD
Hourly Rate Histogram

Hourly rate distribution of jobs citing TDD over the 6 months to 1 May 2024.

Hourly rate histogram for TDD in the UK

TDD
Top 15 Contract Locations

The table below looks at the demand and provides a guide to the median contractor rates quoted in IT jobs citing TDD within the UK over the 6 months to 1 May 2024. The 'Rank Change' column provides an indication of the change in demand within each location based on the same 6 month period last year.

Location Rank Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Matching
Contract
IT Job Ads
Median
Daily Rate
Past 6 Months
Median Daily Rate
% Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Live
Jobs
England -47 717 £565 -8.87% 592
London -21 488 £600 -7.69% 266
UK excluding London -76 255 £500 -9.09% 341
Work from Home -66 246 £500 -16.67% 471
North of England -74 62 £550 -1.12% 111
South East -26 58 £475 -18.10% 89
East of England -1 56 £493 -15.52% 44
Scotland -17 39 £463 -15.14% 19
Yorkshire -20 31 £585 -2.50% 16
South West -34 28 £571 +3.86% 34
North West -49 27 £525 -4.55% 86
Midlands -23 12 £435 -25.64% 37
West Midlands -18 11 £450 -24.37% 21
North East -3 4 £375 -37.50% 11
East Midlands -1 1 £398 -43.21% 16

TDD
Co-occurring Skills and Capabilities by Category

The follow tables expand on the table above by listing co-occurrences grouped by category. The same employment type, locality and period is covered with up to 20 co-occurrences shown in each of the following categories:

Application Platforms
1 29 (3.64%) Confluence
2 19 (2.39%) CMS
2 19 (2.39%) nginx
3 15 (1.88%) Apache
4 9 (1.13%) Apache Spark
4 9 (1.13%) Drupal
5 7 (0.88%) OpenStack
6 6 (0.75%) SAS
6 6 (0.75%) SharePoint
7 4 (0.50%) Apache Airflow
8 3 (0.38%) Cloud Foundry
8 3 (0.38%) IIS
9 2 (0.25%) Anypoint
9 2 (0.25%) Apache Solr
9 2 (0.25%) EPiServer
9 2 (0.25%) Jadu
9 2 (0.25%) JBoss
9 2 (0.25%) Microsoft Exchange
9 2 (0.25%) NServiceBus
10 1 (0.13%) Red Hat Fuse
Applications
1 7 (0.88%) Microsoft Office
2 4 (0.50%) Chatbot
3 3 (0.38%) Microsoft Project
4 1 (0.13%) Trello
Business Applications
1 7 (0.88%) NEC Housing
2 6 (0.75%) Shopify
3 5 (0.63%) Dynamics CRM
4 1 (0.13%) Aareon QL
4 1 (0.13%) Distributed Ledger
4 1 (0.13%) Endur
4 1 (0.13%) Magento
4 1 (0.13%) MIS ActiveH
4 1 (0.13%) NetSuite
4 1 (0.13%) OPENHousing
4 1 (0.13%) Payment Gateway
4 1 (0.13%) RMDS
Cloud Services
1 254 (31.91%) AWS
2 246 (30.90%) Azure
3 118 (14.82%) Azure DevOps
4 88 (11.06%) GCP
5 75 (9.42%) Serverless
6 72 (9.05%) Azure Service Bus
7 51 (6.41%) Azure Cosmos DB
8 45 (5.65%) GitHub
9 42 (5.28%) Azure Monitor
10 30 (3.77%) AWS Lambda
11 27 (3.39%) Amazon S3
12 25 (3.14%) Azure Functions
13 24 (3.02%) Azure API Management
14 23 (2.89%) PaaS
15 21 (2.64%) Power Platform
16 19 (2.39%) AWS Elastic Beanstalk
17 18 (2.26%) Amazon EKS
17 18 (2.26%) Azure Key Vault
17 18 (2.26%) Azure Logic Apps
17 18 (2.26%) Azure Storage
Communications & Networking
1 36 (4.52%) Modbus
1 36 (4.52%) RS-422
1 36 (4.52%) RS-485
2 34 (4.27%) HTTP
3 13 (1.63%) TCP/IP
4 11 (1.38%) FTP
5 8 (1.01%) Ethernet
6 5 (0.63%) Internet
6 5 (0.63%) SSH
7 4 (0.50%) SSL
8 2 (0.25%) 5G
8 2 (0.25%) DNS
8 2 (0.25%) IP Telephony
8 2 (0.25%) Unified Communications
9 1 (0.13%) DHCP
9 1 (0.13%) Firewall
9 1 (0.13%) HTTPS
9 1 (0.13%) PuTTY
9 1 (0.13%) VLAN
9 1 (0.13%) VSAN
Database & Business Intelligence
1 126 (15.83%) SQL Server
2 68 (8.54%) NoSQL
3 59 (7.41%) PostgreSQL
4 49 (6.16%) MongoDB
5 48 (6.03%) Relational Database
6 34 (4.27%) Apache Cassandra
6 34 (4.27%) Azure SQL Database
7 23 (2.89%) MySQL
8 16 (2.01%) Data Lake
9 15 (1.88%) Data Warehouse
10 13 (1.63%) Power BI
11 12 (1.51%) Amazon Aurora
11 12 (1.51%) Redis
12 11 (1.38%) Oracle Database
13 10 (1.26%) DynamoDB
14 9 (1.13%) KDB
15 8 (1.01%) Elasticsearch
16 7 (0.88%) Big Data
16 7 (0.88%) OLTP
17 6 (0.75%) Flink
Development Applications
1 172 (21.61%) Git
2 102 (12.81%) Jenkins
3 72 (9.05%) JIRA
4 54 (6.78%) JUnit
5 45 (5.65%) Cucumber
5 45 (5.65%) Postman
6 41 (5.15%) Selenium
7 38 (4.77%) Cypress.io
8 37 (4.65%) Mockito
9 33 (4.15%) TeamCity
9 33 (4.15%) Visual Studio
10 22 (2.76%) SpecFlow
11 18 (2.26%) JMeter
12 16 (2.01%) WebDriver
13 15 (1.88%) Maven
14 14 (1.76%) GitLab
14 14 (1.76%) SoapUI
15 13 (1.63%) Gradle
15 13 (1.63%) NUnit
16 11 (1.38%) REST Assured
General
1 169 (21.23%) Finance
2 167 (20.98%) Social Skills
3 75 (9.42%) Public Sector
4 70 (8.79%) Front Office
5 60 (7.54%) Banking
6 43 (5.40%) Analytical Skills
6 43 (5.40%) Electronics
7 42 (5.28%) Back Office
8 22 (2.76%) Investment Banking
9 20 (2.51%) Retail
10 18 (2.26%) Presentation Skills
11 17 (2.14%) Marketing
12 13 (1.63%) Inclusion and Diversity
13 10 (1.26%) Advertising
13 10 (1.26%) Manufacturing
14 9 (1.13%) Law
14 9 (1.13%) Military
14 9 (1.13%) Telecoms
15 7 (0.88%) Tech for Good
16 6 (0.75%) Influencing Skills
Job Titles
1 472 (59.30%) Developer
2 169 (21.23%) Senior
3 125 (15.70%) Java Developer
4 124 (15.58%) Software Engineer
5 106 (13.32%) Senior Developer
6 63 (7.91%) Lead
7 62 (7.79%) .NET Developer
8 60 (7.54%) Full Stack Developer
9 49 (6.16%) C# Developer
9 49 (6.16%) Scala Developer
10 40 (5.03%) Senior Java Developer
11 38 (4.77%) Python Developer
12 35 (4.40%) C++ Software Engineer
12 35 (4.40%) Front-End Developer (Client-Side Developer)
13 28 (3.52%) Developer/Software Engineer
13 28 (3.52%) Finance Manager
14 27 (3.39%) .NET Software Developer
14 27 (3.39%) .NET Software Engineer
15 25 (3.14%) Software Asset Manager
15 25 (3.14%) Software Manager
Libraries, Frameworks & Software Standards
1 203 (25.50%) .NET
2 162 (20.35%) React
3 133 (16.71%) Spring
4 127 (15.95%) REST
5 116 (14.57%) Kafka
6 112 (14.07%) .NET Core
7 109 (13.69%) CSS
8 100 (12.56%) Spring Boot
9 93 (11.68%) HTML
10 89 (11.18%) Node.js
11 74 (9.30%) RESTful
12 69 (8.67%) Web Services
13 66 (8.29%) AngularJS
14 63 (7.91%) Redux
15 45 (5.65%) ASP.NET
16 38 (4.77%) Sass
17 37 (4.65%) .NET Framework
18 36 (4.52%) GraphQL
19 35 (4.40%) Akka
20 31 (3.89%) Laravel
Miscellaneous
1 58 (7.29%) Derivative
2 52 (6.53%) Fixed Income
3 42 (5.28%) Product Ownership
4 40 (5.03%) Foreign Exchange (FX)
4 40 (5.03%) Self-Motivation
5 33 (4.15%) Hedge funds
6 29 (3.64%) Distributed Systems
7 28 (3.52%) Equities
8 21 (2.64%) Algorithms
9 20 (2.51%) Data Structures
10 15 (1.88%) Enterprise Software
11 12 (1.51%) Cloud Native
11 12 (1.51%) Mobile App
12 10 (1.26%) Data Protection Act
13 9 (1.13%) Legacy Systems
14 8 (1.01%) Linux Command Line
14 8 (1.01%) Management Information System
14 8 (1.01%) Public Cloud
15 7 (0.88%) Greenfield Project
15 7 (0.88%) Virtual Team
Operating Systems
1 87 (10.93%) Linux
2 68 (8.54%) Unix
3 23 (2.89%) Mac OS X
4 16 (2.01%) Windows
5 9 (1.13%) Android
6 3 (0.38%) Red Hat Enterprise Linux
7 1 (0.13%) Ubuntu
Processes & Methodologies
1 536 (67.34%) Agile
2 324 (40.70%) DevOps
3 249 (31.28%) CI/CD
4 232 (29.15%) Microservices
5 218 (27.39%) BDD
5 218 (27.39%) Software Engineering
6 206 (25.88%) Test Automation
7 197 (24.75%) Continuous Integration
8 161 (20.23%) Pair Programming
9 138 (17.34%) Scrum
10 136 (17.09%) Full Stack Development
11 134 (16.83%) Unit Testing
12 118 (14.82%) Clean Code
13 95 (11.93%) OO
14 76 (9.55%) Kanban
15 74 (9.30%) Continuous Improvement
16 70 (8.79%) Software Testing
17 68 (8.54%) API Management
18 63 (7.91%) OOD
19 59 (7.41%) SDLC
Programming Languages
1 265 (33.29%) Java
2 255 (32.04%) C#
3 218 (27.39%) JavaScript
4 176 (22.11%) SQL
5 162 (20.35%) TypeScript
6 117 (14.70%) Python
7 62 (7.79%) Scala
8 59 (7.41%) C++
9 54 (6.78%) Bicep
10 50 (6.28%) PHP
11 47 (5.90%) C
12 23 (2.89%) Kotlin
13 22 (2.76%) Go
14 19 (2.39%) PowerShell
15 16 (2.01%) Shell Script
16 14 (1.76%) Ruby
17 11 (1.38%) Groovy
17 11 (1.38%) PL/SQL
18 10 (1.26%) Bash
19 6 (0.75%) Perl
Qualifications
1 91 (11.43%) Security Cleared
2 78 (9.80%) SC Cleared
3 45 (5.65%) Degree
4 19 (2.39%) Computer Science Degree
5 11 (1.38%) Master's Degree
6 10 (1.26%) ISTQB
7 9 (1.13%) ISTQB Foundation Certification
8 8 (1.01%) DV Cleared
9 4 (0.50%) CTC Cleared
10 3 (0.38%) Azure Certification
10 3 (0.38%) ISEB
10 3 (0.38%) PMI Certification
10 3 (0.38%) PMP
11 2 (0.25%) HNC
11 2 (0.25%) Microsoft Certification
11 2 (0.25%) Numerate Degree
12 1 (0.13%) BPSS Clearance
12 1 (0.13%) SANS
Quality Assurance & Compliance
1 73 (9.17%) QA
2 71 (8.92%) Accessibility
3 23 (2.89%) WCAG
4 10 (1.26%) MiFID
5 5 (0.63%) Data Quality
6 3 (0.38%) PMO
7 2 (0.25%) Disclosure Scotland
7 2 (0.25%) HL7
7 2 (0.25%) PCI DSS
8 1 (0.13%) GDPR
8 1 (0.13%) ISO 20022
8 1 (0.13%) NIST
8 1 (0.13%) SLA
System Software
1 113 (14.20%) Docker
2 50 (6.28%) Active Directory
3 4 (0.50%) zsh
4 1 (0.13%) GridGain
4 1 (0.13%) Hyper-V
4 1 (0.13%) Virtual Desktop
4 1 (0.13%) VMware NSX
Systems Management
1 132 (16.58%) Kubernetes
2 51 (6.41%) Terraform
3 39 (4.90%) Grafana
4 15 (1.88%) Prometheus
5 14 (1.76%) Ansible
5 14 (1.76%) Kibana
6 5 (0.63%) Puppet
6 5 (0.63%) Single Sign-On
7 3 (0.38%) Istio
7 3 (0.38%) logstash
7 3 (0.38%) Netcool
8 2 (0.25%) Progress Chef
9 1 (0.13%) Docker Swarm
9 1 (0.13%) Microsoft Intune
Vendors
1 123 (15.45%) Microsoft
2 49 (6.16%) Oracle
3 18 (2.26%) Google
3 18 (2.26%) Typelevel
4 14 (1.76%) SAP
5 11 (1.38%) Salesforce
6 8 (1.01%) Databricks
6 8 (1.01%) ION Trading
7 7 (0.88%) Atlassian
7 7 (0.88%) NEC
7 7 (0.88%) Splunk
8 5 (0.63%) Adobe
8 5 (0.63%) AppDynamics
8 5 (0.63%) New Relic
8 5 (0.63%) Optimizely
8 5 (0.63%) Sitecore
9 4 (0.50%) TIBCO
10 3 (0.38%) CA Agile Central
10 3 (0.38%) Sybase
11 2 (0.25%) MuleSoft