Unit Testing Contracts

Unit Testing
UK

The following table provides summary statistics for contract job vacancies with a requirement for Unit Testing skills. Included is a benchmarking guide to the contractor rates offered in vacancies that have cited Unit Testing over the 6 months to 12 May 2024 with a comparison to the same period in the previous 2 years.

6 months to
12 May 2024
Same period 2023 Same period 2022
Rank 179 170 185
Rank change year-on-year -9 +15 -26
Contract jobs citing Unit Testing 568 885 1,407
As % of all contract jobs advertised in the UK 1.32% 1.52% 1.61%
As % of the Processes & Methodologies category 1.53% 1.69% 1.77%
Number of daily rates quoted 359 628 948
10th Percentile £375 £406 £380
25th Percentile £450 £467 £450
Median daily rate (50th Percentile) £535 £575 £550
Median % change year-on-year -6.96% +4.55% +10.00%
75th Percentile £638 £650 £650
90th Percentile £688 £738 £750
UK excluding London median daily rate £525 £525 £501
% change year-on-year - +4.90% +12.47%
Number of hourly rates quoted 53 40 21
10th Percentile - £48.40 £36.50
25th Percentile £61.25 £50.42 £53.25
Median hourly rate £65.00 £65.00 £60.00
Median % change year-on-year - +8.33% +25.00%
75th Percentile - £69.63 £63.25
90th Percentile - £75.30 £67.50
UK excluding London median hourly rate £65.00 £65.00 £57.50
% change year-on-year - +13.04% +21.05%

All Process and Methodology Skills
UK

Unit Testing is in the Processes and Methodologies category. The following table is for comparison with the above and provides summary statistics for all contract job vacancies with a requirement for process or methodology skills.

Contract vacancies with a requirement for process or methodology skills 37,097 52,247 79,383
As % of all contract IT jobs advertised in the UK 86.26% 89.81% 90.60%
Number of daily rates quoted 23,888 36,212 55,718
10th Percentile £300 £325 £343
25th Percentile £413 £438 £428
Median daily rate (50th Percentile) £525 £550 £530
Median % change year-on-year -4.55% +3.77% +8.48%
75th Percentile £638 £650 £638
90th Percentile £750 £750 £738
UK excluding London median daily rate £500 £500 £475
% change year-on-year - +5.26% +8.57%
Number of hourly rates quoted 2,438 1,719 1,895
10th Percentile £12.75 £11.00 £12.50
25th Percentile £16.00 £16.23 £15.58
Median hourly rate £36.50 £36.00 £25.68
Median % change year-on-year +1.39% +40.19% +4.82%
75th Percentile £60.00 £65.00 £49.50
90th Percentile £72.50 £75.00 £65.00
UK excluding London median hourly rate £38.06 £35.00 £20.00
% change year-on-year +8.74% +75.00% -6.98%

Unit Testing
Job Vacancy Trend

Job postings citing Unit Testing as a proportion of all IT jobs advertised.

Job vacancy trend for Unit Testing in the UK

Unit Testing
Contractor Daily Rate Trend

3-month moving average daily rate quoted in jobs citing Unit Testing.

Daily rate trend for Unit Testing in the UK

Unit Testing
Daily Rate Histogram

Daily rate distribution for jobs citing Unit Testing over the 6 months to 12 May 2024.

Daily rate histogram for Unit Testing in the UK

Unit Testing
Contractor Hourly Rate Trend

3-month moving average hourly rates quoted in jobs citing Unit Testing.

Hourly rate trend for Unit Testing in the UK

Unit Testing
Hourly Rate Histogram

Hourly rate distribution of jobs citing Unit Testing over the 6 months to 12 May 2024.

Hourly rate histogram for Unit Testing in the UK

Unit Testing
Top 15 Contract Locations

The table below looks at the demand and provides a guide to the median contractor rates quoted in IT jobs citing Unit Testing within the UK over the 6 months to 12 May 2024. The 'Rank Change' column provides an indication of the change in demand within each location based on the same 6 month period last year.

Location Rank Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Matching
Contract
IT Job Ads
Median
Daily Rate
Past 6 Months
Median Daily Rate
% Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Live
Jobs
England -6 473 £543 -6.47% 256
UK excluding London +7 269 £525 - 185
London -9 228 £550 -8.33% 84
Work from Home -4 209 £500 -9.09% 140
North of England +24 64 £495 -10.00% 44
South East +11 61 £625 +19.05% 36
East of England +19 57 £550 +83.33% 22
North West +26 45 £495 -3.41% 21
Scotland +24 45 £483 -0.92% 20
South West -34 29 £650 +11.21% 16
Yorkshire +21 19 £550 - 16
Wales +24 8 £526 -4.02% 3
Midlands +1 5 £450 -14.29% 45
West Midlands -4 3 £450 -21.40% 27
East Midlands +13 1 £300 -12.41% 18

Unit Testing
Co-occurring Skills and Capabilities by Category

The follow tables expand on the table above by listing co-occurrences grouped by category. The same employment type, locality and period is covered with up to 20 co-occurrences shown in each of the following categories:

Application Platforms
1 18 (3.17%) Apache Spark
1 18 (3.17%) Confluence
2 15 (2.64%) Apache
3 12 (2.11%) Apache Airflow
4 7 (1.23%) CMS
5 4 (0.70%) ArcGIS
5 4 (0.70%) JBoss
5 4 (0.70%) Mule
5 4 (0.70%) SharePoint
6 3 (0.53%) WebLogic
6 3 (0.53%) WebSphere
7 2 (0.35%) Alfresco
7 2 (0.35%) Anypoint
7 2 (0.35%) nginx
7 2 (0.35%) Tomcat
7 2 (0.35%) Traefik
7 2 (0.35%) WildFly
8 1 (0.18%) Adobe Experience Manager
8 1 (0.18%) EPiServer
8 1 (0.18%) GeoServer
Applications
1 6 (1.06%) Microsoft Excel
2 3 (0.53%) Microsoft Office
3 2 (0.35%) Microsoft PowerPoint
4 1 (0.18%) Chatbot
Business Applications
1 16 (2.82%) SAP S/4HANA
2 8 (1.41%) Dynamics CRM
3 5 (0.88%) SAP CO
3 5 (0.88%) SAP EWM
4 4 (0.70%) SAP FI
4 4 (0.70%) SAP FI/CO
4 4 (0.70%) SAP PP
4 4 (0.70%) SAP QM
5 3 (0.53%) Oracle Procure-to-Pay
5 3 (0.53%) SAP Retail
5 3 (0.53%) SAP VC
6 2 (0.35%) Front Arena
6 2 (0.35%) Oracle Cash Management
6 2 (0.35%) Oracle EBS
6 2 (0.35%) Oracle EBS R12
6 2 (0.35%) Oracle Financials
6 2 (0.35%) Oracle Payables
6 2 (0.35%) Oracle Receivables
6 2 (0.35%) SAP R/3
6 2 (0.35%) Shopify
Cloud Services
1 133 (23.42%) AWS
2 118 (20.77%) Azure
3 50 (8.80%) Azure DevOps
4 46 (8.10%) Serverless
5 36 (6.34%) GCP
6 26 (4.58%) GitHub
7 24 (4.23%) Azure Data Factory
8 22 (3.87%) Azure Functions
9 19 (3.35%) AWS Lambda
10 18 (3.17%) Dynamics 365
10 18 (3.17%) Power Platform
11 17 (2.99%) Amazon S3
11 17 (2.99%) Azure Cosmos DB
11 17 (2.99%) dbt
11 17 (2.99%) GitHub Actions
12 16 (2.82%) Azure Monitor
13 14 (2.46%) Amazon CloudWatch
14 13 (2.29%) Entra ID
15 12 (2.11%) Azure Service Bus
16 11 (1.94%) AWS CloudFormation
Communications & Networking
1 35 (6.16%) Modbus
1 35 (6.16%) RS-422
1 35 (6.16%) RS-485
2 13 (2.29%) TCP/IP
3 12 (2.11%) BGP
3 12 (2.11%) Ethernet VPN
3 12 (2.11%) MPLS
3 12 (2.11%) VPN
4 11 (1.94%) Ethernet
4 11 (1.94%) Radio Access Network
5 8 (1.41%) HTTP
6 4 (0.70%) SSL
7 2 (0.35%) 5G
7 2 (0.35%) DNS
7 2 (0.35%) FTP
7 2 (0.35%) Tactical Data Link
8 1 (0.18%) HTTPS
8 1 (0.18%) Multicast
8 1 (0.18%) PPP
8 1 (0.18%) SNMP
Database & Business Intelligence
1 77 (13.56%) PostgreSQL
2 65 (11.44%) NoSQL
3 54 (9.51%) SQL Server
4 42 (7.39%) Relational Database
5 28 (4.93%) Oracle Database
6 24 (4.23%) SQL Server Integration Services
7 21 (3.70%) Data Warehouse
8 19 (3.35%) MongoDB
9 18 (3.17%) Oracle Database 11g
10 15 (2.64%) Azure SQL Database
11 14 (2.46%) MySQL
12 11 (1.94%) Apache Cassandra
12 11 (1.94%) DynamoDB
13 10 (1.76%) Power BI
13 10 (1.76%) SQL Server Reporting Services
14 9 (1.58%) Big Data
15 8 (1.41%) Amazon Aurora
15 8 (1.41%) Amazon RDS
16 7 (1.23%) Hadoop
17 6 (1.06%) Amazon Redshift
Development Applications
1 134 (23.59%) Git
2 77 (13.56%) JIRA
3 37 (6.51%) JUnit
4 31 (5.46%) Jenkins
5 22 (3.87%) Visual Studio
6 19 (3.35%) GitLab
6 19 (3.35%) TeamCity
7 18 (3.17%) Mockito
8 16 (2.82%) Android Studio
8 16 (2.82%) Cypress.io
8 16 (2.82%) Selenium
9 13 (2.29%) TestRail
10 12 (2.11%) Eclipse
10 12 (2.11%) Robot Framework
11 10 (1.76%) Maven
11 10 (1.76%) NUnit
11 10 (1.76%) Storybook
12 9 (1.58%) Team Foundation Server
13 8 (1.41%) Cucumber
13 8 (1.41%) Subversion
General
1 139 (24.47%) Social Skills
2 89 (15.67%) Finance
3 63 (11.09%) Analytical Skills
4 57 (10.04%) Public Sector
5 39 (6.87%) Electronics
6 30 (5.28%) Banking
7 22 (3.87%) Presentation Skills
8 11 (1.94%) Military
9 9 (1.58%) Inclusion and Diversity
9 9 (1.58%) Manufacturing
9 9 (1.58%) Retail
10 8 (1.41%) Marketing
11 7 (1.23%) Law
11 7 (1.23%) Telecoms
12 6 (1.06%) Investment Banking
12 6 (1.06%) Organisational Skills
12 6 (1.06%) Pharmaceutical
13 5 (0.88%) Aerospace
13 5 (0.88%) Legal
14 4 (0.70%) Documentation Skills
Job Titles
1 331 (58.27%) Developer
2 73 (12.85%) Software Engineer
3 54 (9.51%) Full Stack Developer
3 54 (9.51%) Senior
4 47 (8.27%) Java Developer
5 40 (7.04%) Lead
6 38 (6.69%) C++ Software Engineer
7 36 (6.34%) C# Developer
8 33 (5.81%) .NET Developer
9 27 (4.75%) Senior Developer
10 23 (4.05%) Azure Developer
11 22 (3.87%) Data Engineer
12 20 (3.52%) Android Developer
13 19 (3.35%) Test Engineer
14 18 (3.17%) C# .NET Developer
14 18 (3.17%) Consultant
14 18 (3.17%) Python Developer
15 17 (2.99%) Software Developer
16 16 (2.82%) SQL Developer
17 15 (2.64%) Front-End Developer (Client-Side Developer)
Libraries, Frameworks & Software Standards
1 101 (17.78%) React
2 87 (15.32%) REST
3 77 (13.56%) .NET
4 66 (11.62%) RESTful
5 65 (11.44%) Spring
6 55 (9.68%) AngularJS
7 52 (9.15%) Node.js
8 51 (8.98%) Web Services
9 49 (8.63%) Spring Boot
10 45 (7.92%) HTML
11 42 (7.39%) CSS
11 42 (7.39%) Kafka
12 36 (6.34%) Hibernate
13 32 (5.63%) JPA
14 31 (5.46%) .NET Core
15 30 (5.28%) SOAP
16 27 (4.75%) Jest
17 26 (4.58%) .NET Framework
18 20 (3.52%) jQuery
19 19 (3.35%) XML
Miscellaneous
1 33 (5.81%) Product Ownership
1 33 (5.81%) Self-Motivation
2 21 (3.70%) Mobile App
3 14 (2.46%) Legacy Systems
4 13 (2.29%) Distributed Systems
5 12 (2.11%) Algorithms
6 11 (1.94%) Data Structures
7 8 (1.41%) Cloud Native
7 8 (1.41%) Greenfield Project
8 6 (1.06%) Data Protection Act
8 6 (1.06%) Hedge funds
8 6 (1.06%) iPad
8 6 (1.06%) iPhone
9 5 (0.88%) Life Science
9 5 (0.88%) Management Information System
9 5 (0.88%) Renewable Energy
10 4 (0.70%) NHS
10 4 (0.70%) Onboarding
10 4 (0.70%) Public Cloud
11 3 (0.53%) LIMS
Operating Systems
1 35 (6.16%) Linux
2 24 (4.23%) Android
2 24 (4.23%) Unix
2 24 (4.23%) Windows
3 10 (1.76%) Apple iOS
4 4 (0.70%) Embedded Linux
5 3 (0.53%) Red Hat Enterprise Linux
6 2 (0.35%) CentOS
6 2 (0.35%) Ubuntu
7 1 (0.18%) AIX
7 1 (0.18%) VMS
7 1 (0.18%) Windows Server
Processes & Methodologies
1 293 (51.58%) Agile
2 203 (35.74%) DevOps
3 143 (25.18%) CI/CD
4 141 (24.82%) Software Engineering
5 134 (23.59%) TDD
6 124 (21.83%) Test Automation
7 109 (19.19%) Continuous Integration
8 96 (16.90%) Scrum
9 92 (16.20%) Microservices
10 82 (14.44%) Software Testing
11 69 (12.15%) Full Stack Development
12 65 (11.44%) Problem-Solving
13 64 (11.27%) Continuous Improvement
14 63 (11.09%) Integration Testing
15 62 (10.92%) OO
16 53 (9.33%) Front End Development
16 53 (9.33%) Pair Programming
17 47 (8.27%) High Availability
18 46 (8.10%) Analytics
19 45 (7.92%) User Acceptance Testing
Programming Languages
1 158 (27.82%) SQL
2 154 (27.11%) Java
3 135 (23.77%) C#
4 123 (21.65%) Python
5 94 (16.55%) JavaScript
6 77 (13.56%) TypeScript
7 71 (12.50%) C++
8 65 (11.44%) C
9 44 (7.75%) PL/SQL
10 26 (4.58%) Kotlin
11 25 (4.40%) Scala
12 15 (2.64%) PowerShell
13 13 (2.29%) Bash
14 11 (1.94%) Bicep
14 11 (1.94%) Perl
14 11 (1.94%) T-SQL
15 9 (1.58%) Go
16 8 (1.41%) Shell Script
16 8 (1.41%) Swift
17 7 (1.23%) PHP
Qualifications
1 109 (19.19%) Security Cleared
2 92 (16.20%) SC Cleared
3 37 (6.51%) Degree
4 31 (5.46%) DV Cleared
5 18 (3.17%) Computer Science Degree
6 8 (1.41%) Master's Degree
7 4 (0.70%) BPSS Clearance
8 3 (0.53%) CTC Cleared
9 1 (0.18%) ISTQB
9 1 (0.18%) Numerate Degree
9 1 (0.18%) PhD
9 1 (0.18%) PMI Certification
9 1 (0.18%) PMP
Quality Assurance & Compliance
1 58 (10.21%) QA
2 19 (3.35%) Accessibility
3 13 (2.29%) Data Quality
4 10 (1.76%) GDPR
5 6 (1.06%) Disclosure Scotland
6 4 (0.70%) SLA
7 3 (0.53%) MiFID
7 3 (0.53%) NCSC
7 3 (0.53%) WCAG
8 2 (0.35%) PCI DSS
9 1 (0.18%) HIPAA
9 1 (0.18%) HL7
System Software
1 90 (15.85%) Docker
2 15 (2.64%) Active Directory
3 6 (1.06%) VMware Infrastructure
4 5 (0.88%) HDFS
5 3 (0.53%) Virtual Machines
Systems Management
1 71 (12.50%) Kubernetes
2 35 (6.16%) Terraform
3 22 (3.87%) Grafana
4 9 (1.58%) Kibana
4 9 (1.58%) Prometheus
5 6 (1.06%) Puppet
6 5 (0.88%) Ansible
6 5 (0.88%) Hadoop YARN
7 4 (0.70%) Istio
8 3 (0.53%) Progress Chef
9 2 (0.35%) Consul
9 2 (0.35%) Docker Swarm
9 2 (0.35%) Graphite
9 2 (0.35%) HAProxy
9 2 (0.35%) linkerd
9 2 (0.35%) Packer
9 2 (0.35%) Podman
9 2 (0.35%) ZABBIX
10 1 (0.18%) Active Directory Federation Services
10 1 (0.18%) HP ALM
Vendors
1 72 (12.68%) Oracle
2 56 (9.86%) Microsoft
3 35 (6.16%) SAP
4 15 (2.64%) Avaloq
4 15 (2.64%) Google
5 12 (2.11%) OpenAI
6 7 (1.23%) Adobe
6 7 (1.23%) VMware
7 6 (1.06%) Databricks
7 6 (1.06%) Salesforce
7 6 (1.06%) Splunk
7 6 (1.06%) Typelevel
8 5 (0.88%) Xamarin
9 4 (0.70%) FIS
9 4 (0.70%) Liquidlogic
9 4 (0.70%) Micro Focus
9 4 (0.70%) MuleSoft
10 3 (0.53%) Ariba
10 3 (0.53%) Citrix
10 3 (0.53%) IBM