CI/CD
UK

The following table provides summary statistics for contract job vacancies with a requirement for CI/CD skills. Included is a benchmarking guide to the contractor rates offered in vacancies that have cited CI/CD over the 6 months to 7 December 2023 with a comparison to the same period in the previous 2 years.

6 months to
7 Dec 2023
Same period 2022 Same period 2021
Rank 28 20 14
Rank change year-on-year -8 -6 +5
Contract jobs citing CI/CD 2,770 6,705 8,500
As % of all contract jobs advertised in the UK 6.17% 8.73% 9.49%
As % of the Processes & Methodologies category 6.97% 9.69% 10.46%
Number of daily rates quoted 2,037 4,651 6,200
10th Percentile £413 £438 £419
25th Percentile £475 £513 £486
Median daily rate (50th Percentile) £563 £600 £550
Median % change year-on-year -6.25% +9.09% +4.76%
75th Percentile £670 £688 £650
90th Percentile £750 £775 £725
UK excluding London median daily rate £550 £550 £525
% change year-on-year - +4.76% +16.67%
Number of hourly rates quoted 25 100 46
10th Percentile £52.50 - £42.87
25th Percentile £61.25 £60.91 £60.00
Median hourly rate £75.00 £65.61 £67.80
Median % change year-on-year +14.32% -3.24% +69.50%
75th Percentile £77.50 £73.75 £78.56
90th Percentile £78.45 £75.00 £83.75
UK excluding London median hourly rate £75.00 £65.61 £65.50
% change year-on-year +14.32% +0.16% +66.35%

All Process and Methodology Skills
UK

CI/CD is in the Processes and Methodologies category. The following table is for comparison with the above and provides summary statistics for all contract job vacancies with a requirement for process or methodology skills.

Contract vacancies with a requirement for process or methodology skills 39,726 69,214 81,237
As % of all contract IT jobs advertised in the UK 88.51% 90.15% 90.68%
Number of daily rates quoted 26,590 47,923 56,854
10th Percentile £310 £338 £319
25th Percentile £425 £450 £413
Median daily rate (50th Percentile) £533 £550 £523
Median % change year-on-year -3.18% +5.26% +10.00%
75th Percentile £650 £650 £623
90th Percentile £745 £750 £700
UK excluding London median daily rate £500 £500 £463
% change year-on-year - +8.11% +7.56%
Number of hourly rates quoted 1,525 1,676 1,999
10th Percentile £14.45 £13.41 £11.99
25th Percentile £18.95 £17.56 £13.50
Median hourly rate £42.50 £35.00 £21.50
Median % change year-on-year +21.43% +62.79% -17.31%
75th Percentile £65.00 £65.00 £46.75
90th Percentile £77.50 £72.73 £62.50
UK excluding London median hourly rate £43.90 £32.50 £18.00
% change year-on-year +35.08% +80.56% -20.00%

CI/CD
Job Vacancy Trend

Job postings citing CI/CD as a proportion of all IT jobs advertised.

Job vacancy trend for CI/CD in the UK

CI/CD
Contractor Daily Rate Trend

3-month moving average daily rate quoted in jobs citing CI/CD.

Daily rate trend for CI/CD in the UK

CI/CD
Daily Rate Histogram

Daily rate distribution for jobs citing CI/CD over the 6 months to 7 December 2023.

Daily rate histogram for CI/CD in the UK

CI/CD
Contractor Hourly Rate Trend

3-month moving average hourly rates quoted in jobs citing CI/CD.

Hourly rate trend for CI/CD in the UK

CI/CD
Hourly Rate Histogram

Hourly rate distribution of jobs citing CI/CD over the 6 months to 7 December 2023.

Hourly rate histogram for CI/CD in the UK

CI/CD
Top 17 Contract Locations

The table below looks at the demand and provides a guide to the median contractor rates quoted in IT jobs citing CI/CD within the UK over the 6 months to 7 December 2023. The 'Rank Change' column provides an indication of the change in demand within each location based on the same 6 month period last year.

Location Rank Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Matching
Contract
IT Job Ads
Median
Daily Rate
Past 6 Months
Median Daily Rate
% Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Live
Jobs
England -8 2,302 £575 -4.17% 1,411
London -11 1,414 £600 -4.00% 705
Work from Home -10 1,177 £550 -5.17% 898
UK excluding London -10 955 £550 - 865
North of England -14 241 £550 -3.51% 225
South East -7 232 £589 +7.05% 285
South West -3 157 £555 -3.48% 115
North West -9 157 £555 +0.91% 125
Scotland -18 150 £500 +2.04% 44
Yorkshire -12 79 £556 -7.29% 64
East of England -7 78 £543 -6.47% 59
Midlands -18 71 £500 -7.41% 90
West Midlands -14 59 £500 -7.41% 66
Wales -2 24 £500 -20.00% 46
East Midlands +10 12 £473 -17.83% 24
Northern Ireland -5 7 £625 +13.64% 10
North East -19 5 £550 -8.33% 39

CI/CD
Co-occurring Skills and Capabilities by Category

The follow tables expand on the table above by listing co-occurrences grouped by category. The same employment type, locality and period is covered with up to 20 co-occurrences shown in each of the following categories:

Application Platforms
1 185 (6.68%) Confluence
2 69 (2.49%) Apache
3 61 (2.20%) nginx
4 57 (2.06%) Apache Spark
5 54 (1.95%) Apache Airflow
6 34 (1.23%) BizTalk Server
7 20 (0.72%) OpenStack
7 20 (0.72%) SharePoint
7 20 (0.72%) Tomcat
8 15 (0.54%) CMS
8 15 (0.54%) IIS
9 12 (0.43%) NServiceBus
9 12 (0.43%) Red Hat Fuse
9 12 (0.43%) WebLogic
10 8 (0.29%) Jupyter
11 7 (0.25%) Luigi
11 7 (0.25%) Tornado
12 5 (0.18%) Appian
13 4 (0.14%) WebSphere
14 3 (0.11%) SAS
Applications
1 17 (0.61%) Microsoft Office
2 13 (0.47%) Chatbot
3 7 (0.25%) CATIA
4 5 (0.18%) Trello
5 4 (0.14%) Microsoft Excel
6 1 (0.036%) Microsoft PowerPoint
6 1 (0.036%) MS Visio
Business Applications
1 15 (0.54%) Dynamics CRM
2 8 (0.29%) Loan IQ
3 7 (0.25%) DELMIA
3 7 (0.25%) ENOVIA
4 6 (0.22%) Distributed Ledger
5 5 (0.18%) Payment Gateway
6 3 (0.11%) Shopify
7 2 (0.072%) Magento
7 2 (0.072%) Maximo
7 2 (0.072%) SAP Hybris
7 2 (0.072%) Teamcenter
8 1 (0.036%) Endur
8 1 (0.036%) Fidessa
8 1 (0.036%) IBM Planning Analytics
8 1 (0.036%) Salesforce CRM
Cloud Services
1 1,144 (41.30%) AWS
2 1,073 (38.74%) Azure
3 458 (16.53%) Azure DevOps
4 345 (12.45%) GitHub
5 328 (11.84%) Serverless
6 291 (10.51%) GCP
7 213 (7.69%) AWS Lambda
8 156 (5.63%) AWS CloudFormation
9 137 (4.95%) Amazon S3
10 128 (4.62%) OpenShift
11 118 (4.26%) GitHub Actions
12 116 (4.19%) Azure Functions
13 113 (4.08%) Azure AKS
14 102 (3.68%) PaaS
15 99 (3.57%) Amazon CloudWatch
15 99 (3.57%) Azure Logic Apps
16 96 (3.47%) Power Platform
17 95 (3.43%) Amazon EC2
18 85 (3.07%) Amazon EKS
18 85 (3.07%) Azure Cosmos DB
Communications & Networking
1 139 (5.02%) Firewall
2 68 (2.45%) DNS
3 61 (2.20%) VPN
4 52 (1.88%) Network Security
5 48 (1.73%) HTTP
6 37 (1.34%) SSL
6 37 (1.34%) TCP/IP
7 34 (1.23%) Internet
7 34 (1.23%) IPv4
8 27 (0.97%) DSL
8 27 (0.97%) SAN
9 26 (0.94%) Reverse Proxy
10 24 (0.87%) VLAN
11 16 (0.58%) FTP
12 12 (0.43%) SSH
13 11 (0.40%) HTTPS
14 9 (0.32%) DHCP
15 8 (0.29%) F5 BIG-IP LTM
15 8 (0.29%) NAS
16 7 (0.25%) NetScaler
Database & Business Intelligence
1 181 (6.53%) SQL Server
2 166 (5.99%) NoSQL
3 164 (5.92%) MongoDB
4 150 (5.42%) PostgreSQL
5 138 (4.98%) Relational Database
6 104 (3.75%) Azure SQL Database
7 97 (3.50%) MySQL
8 93 (3.36%) Amazon RDS
9 86 (3.10%) Big Data
10 84 (3.03%) Data Lake
10 84 (3.03%) DynamoDB
11 81 (2.92%) Power BI
12 67 (2.42%) Data Warehouse
12 67 (2.42%) Elasticsearch
13 35 (1.26%) Amazon Aurora
14 34 (1.23%) SQL Server Integration Services
15 31 (1.12%) RDBMS
16 30 (1.08%) Redis
17 27 (0.97%) MariaDB
17 27 (0.97%) Tableau
Development Applications
1 647 (23.36%) Jenkins
2 523 (18.88%) Git
3 311 (11.23%) JIRA
4 256 (9.24%) GitLab
5 123 (4.44%) Bitbucket
6 118 (4.26%) Selenium
7 98 (3.54%) TeamCity
8 92 (3.32%) Cucumber
8 92 (3.32%) Cypress.io
9 76 (2.74%) Atlassian Bamboo
10 75 (2.71%) Postman
11 69 (2.49%) Artifactory
11 69 (2.49%) Maven
12 58 (2.09%) JUnit
13 53 (1.91%) Visual Studio
14 52 (1.88%) SpecFlow
15 50 (1.81%) SonarQube
16 41 (1.48%) NUnit
17 39 (1.41%) Octopus Deploy
18 31 (1.12%) Liquibase
General
1 543 (19.60%) Finance
2 520 (18.77%) Social Skills
3 322 (11.62%) Public Sector
4 180 (6.50%) Analytical Skills
5 168 (6.06%) Banking
6 64 (2.31%) Front Office
7 60 (2.17%) Telecoms
8 55 (1.99%) Marketing
9 48 (1.73%) Investment Banking
10 47 (1.70%) Presentation Skills
11 41 (1.48%) Retail
12 38 (1.37%) Law
13 37 (1.34%) Financial Institution
14 36 (1.30%) Manufacturing
15 32 (1.16%) Documentation Skills
16 31 (1.12%) Inclusion and Diversity
17 29 (1.05%) Electronics
18 24 (0.87%) Influencing Skills
19 22 (0.79%) Pharmaceutical
20 18 (0.65%) Automotive
Job Titles
1 747 (26.97%) Developer
2 562 (20.29%) DevOps Engineer
3 347 (12.53%) Senior
4 207 (7.47%) Architect
5 204 (7.36%) Azure Engineer
6 185 (6.68%) AWS Engineer
7 178 (6.43%) Lead
8 155 (5.60%) Cloud Engineer
9 135 (4.87%) Data Engineer
10 119 (4.30%) Azure DevOps Engineer
11 118 (4.26%) Java Developer
12 105 (3.79%) Full Stack Developer
12 105 (3.79%) Software Engineer
13 99 (3.57%) Senior Developer
14 95 (3.43%) AWS DevOps
15 90 (3.25%) .NET Developer
15 90 (3.25%) Platform Engineer
16 88 (3.18%) AWS DevOps Engineer
17 84 (3.03%) Senior DevOps
18 76 (2.74%) Python Developer
Libraries, Frameworks & Software Standards
1 358 (12.92%) .NET
2 259 (9.35%) REST
3 247 (8.92%) React
4 211 (7.62%) Node.js
5 200 (7.22%) Kafka
6 177 (6.39%) RESTful
7 155 (5.60%) Spring
8 135 (4.87%) .NET Core
9 127 (4.58%) CSS
9 127 (4.58%) HTML
10 125 (4.51%) AngularJS
11 119 (4.30%) Elastic Stack
11 119 (4.30%) Spring Boot
12 88 (3.18%) YAML
13 87 (3.14%) JSON
14 83 (3.00%) RabbitMQ
15 78 (2.82%) ASP.NET
15 78 (2.82%) GraphQL
16 76 (2.74%) .NET Framework
17 71 (2.56%) AWS CDK
Miscellaneous
1 159 (5.74%) Cloud Native
2 95 (3.43%) Public Cloud
3 78 (2.82%) Greenfield Project
4 77 (2.78%) Product Ownership
5 62 (2.24%) Legacy Systems
6 60 (2.17%) Virtual Team
7 55 (1.99%) Distributed Systems
8 51 (1.84%) Private Cloud
9 47 (1.70%) Algorithms
10 42 (1.52%) Data Protection Act
11 41 (1.48%) Mobile App
12 38 (1.37%) Linux Command Line
13 36 (1.30%) Data Structures
14 34 (1.23%) Data Centre
15 32 (1.16%) Derivative
15 32 (1.16%) Onboarding
16 29 (1.05%) Hedge funds
17 26 (0.94%) Hybrid Cloud
18 25 (0.90%) Foreign Exchange (FX)
19 23 (0.83%) Management Information System
Operating Systems
1 552 (19.93%) Linux
2 329 (11.88%) Windows
3 137 (4.95%) Unix
4 74 (2.67%) Red Hat Enterprise Linux
5 59 (2.13%) Windows Server
6 52 (1.88%) Ubuntu
7 31 (1.12%) CentOS
8 20 (0.72%) Windows Server 2012
9 19 (0.69%) Apple iOS
9 19 (0.69%) Solaris
10 17 (0.61%) Android
11 14 (0.51%) Oracle Linux
11 14 (0.51%) VMS
12 12 (0.43%) Windows Server 2016
12 12 (0.43%) Windows Server 2019
13 10 (0.36%) Debian
14 3 (0.11%) Mesosphere
14 3 (0.11%) VxWorks
15 2 (0.072%) Amazon Linux
15 2 (0.072%) FreeRTOS
Processes & Methodologies
1 1,531 (55.27%) DevOps
2 1,144 (41.30%) Agile
3 628 (22.67%) Infrastructure as Code
4 548 (19.78%) Test Automation
5 445 (16.06%) Microservices
6 428 (15.45%) Continuous Integration
7 371 (13.39%) Software Engineering
8 335 (12.09%) Containerisation
9 292 (10.54%) Scrum
10 284 (10.25%) TDD
11 282 (10.18%) Problem-Solving
12 260 (9.39%) Continuous Delivery
13 218 (7.87%) SDLC
14 211 (7.62%) Migration
15 192 (6.93%) Full Stack Development
16 179 (6.46%) Site Reliability Engineering
17 177 (6.39%) Platform Engineering
18 176 (6.35%) Mentoring
19 159 (5.74%) Configuration Management
20 152 (5.49%) Computer Science
Programming Languages
1 1,049 (37.87%) Python
2 645 (23.29%) Java
3 500 (18.05%) SQL
4 423 (15.27%) JavaScript
5 355 (12.82%) C#
6 318 (11.48%) Bash
7 306 (11.05%) PowerShell
8 244 (8.81%) Go
9 219 (7.91%) TypeScript
10 131 (4.73%) C++
11 120 (4.33%) Ruby
12 100 (3.61%) Shell Script
13 75 (2.71%) Perl
14 67 (2.42%) C
15 58 (2.09%) Scala
15 58 (2.09%) T-SQL
16 57 (2.06%) Bicep
17 47 (1.70%) Kotlin
18 46 (1.66%) PL/SQL
19 38 (1.37%) Groovy
Qualifications
1 527 (19.03%) Security Cleared
2 458 (16.53%) SC Cleared
3 169 (6.10%) Degree
4 81 (2.92%) Computer Science Degree
5 70 (2.53%) DV Cleared
6 65 (2.35%) Azure Certification
7 63 (2.27%) AWS Certification
8 45 (1.62%) CISSP
9 32 (1.16%) Master's Degree
10 31 (1.12%) BPSS Clearance
11 29 (1.05%) AWS Certified Solutions Architect
12 23 (0.83%) ISTQB
13 21 (0.76%) AWS Certified Cloud Practitioner
14 19 (0.69%) RHCSA
15 13 (0.47%) Microsoft Certification
16 11 (0.40%) ISEB
17 9 (0.32%) Cisco Certification
18 8 (0.29%) RHCE
19 7 (0.25%) CCNP
19 7 (0.25%) CEH
Quality Assurance & Compliance
1 159 (5.74%) QA
2 66 (2.38%) Accessibility
3 37 (1.34%) Data Quality
4 29 (1.05%) WCAG
5 24 (0.87%) NIST
6 20 (0.72%) ISO/IEC 27001
7 19 (0.69%) SLA
8 18 (0.65%) NCSC
9 13 (0.47%) Disclosure Scotland
9 13 (0.47%) GRC
10 12 (0.43%) ISO/IEC 20000
11 10 (0.36%) PCI DSS
12 9 (0.32%) GDPR
13 8 (0.29%) Government Security Classifications
14 7 (0.25%) SOC 2
15 6 (0.22%) HMG Security Policy Framework
16 5 (0.18%) ISO 9001
16 5 (0.18%) ISO/IEC 12207
16 5 (0.18%) Sarbanes-Oxley
17 4 (0.14%) GxP
System Software
1 686 (24.77%) Docker
2 66 (2.38%) Active Directory
3 65 (2.35%) Virtual Machines
4 59 (2.13%) VMware Infrastructure
5 21 (0.76%) vSphere
6 20 (0.72%) Apache ZooKeeper
7 15 (0.54%) XenDesktop
8 14 (0.51%) VMware ESXi
9 12 (0.43%) NFS
10 11 (0.40%) Oracle RAC
11 8 (0.29%) Hyper-V
12 6 (0.22%) Virtual Desktop
12 6 (0.22%) VMware NSX
13 4 (0.14%) HDFS
13 4 (0.14%) LXC
13 4 (0.14%) Sendmail
14 3 (0.11%) Firmware
14 3 (0.11%) KVM
14 3 (0.11%) VirtualBox
15 2 (0.072%) Ceph
Systems Management
1 854 (30.83%) Kubernetes
2 837 (30.22%) Terraform
3 459 (16.57%) Ansible
4 164 (5.92%) Grafana
5 148 (5.34%) Prometheus
6 134 (4.84%) Puppet
7 111 (4.01%) Progress Chef
8 95 (3.43%) Packer
9 59 (2.13%) Consul
10 55 (1.99%) Kibana
11 33 (1.19%) ZABBIX
12 26 (0.94%) Nagios
12 26 (0.94%) NetBackup
13 25 (0.90%) PowerBroker
14 23 (0.83%) logstash
15 21 (0.76%) CFEngine
16 17 (0.61%) Active Directory Federation Services
16 17 (0.61%) Argo
17 16 (0.58%) ArcSight ESM
18 15 (0.54%) Istio
Vendors
1 355 (12.82%) Microsoft
2 155 (5.60%) Oracle
3 135 (4.87%) Google
4 124 (4.48%) Red Hat
5 104 (3.75%) VMware
6 101 (3.65%) Splunk
7 91 (3.29%) Databricks
8 87 (3.14%) Atlassian
9 61 (2.20%) TOWER Software
10 57 (2.06%) IBM
11 52 (1.88%) Dynatrace
12 48 (1.73%) CyberArk
13 47 (1.70%) SAP
14 40 (1.44%) MuleSoft
15 38 (1.37%) Salesforce
16 36 (1.30%) ArcSight
17 31 (1.12%) HP
18 26 (0.94%) SaltStack
19 25 (0.90%) ServiceNow
20 21 (0.76%) New Relic