CI/CD Contracts

CI/CD
UK

The table below provides summary statistics for contract job vacancies requiring CI/CD skills. It includes a benchmarking guide to the contractor rates offered in vacancies that cited CI/CD over the 6 months leading up to 1 July 2025, comparing them to the same period in the previous two years.

6 months to
1 Jul 2025
Same period 2024 Same period 2023
Rank 19 26 23
Rank change year-on-year +7 -3 -4
Contract jobs citing CI/CD 2,815 2,610 4,190
As % of all contract jobs advertised in the UK 9.14% 6.05% 7.51%
As % of the Processes & Methodologies category 10.05% 7.09% 8.39%
Number of daily rates quoted 1,946 1,804 2,966
10th Percentile £358 £400 £440
25th Percentile £425 £459 £500
Median daily rate (50th Percentile) £506 £550 £600
Median % change year-on-year -8.00% -8.33% -
75th Percentile £618 £650 £695
90th Percentile £725 £775 £788
UK excluding London median daily rate £477 £525 £550
% change year-on-year -9.24% -4.55% +3.77%
Number of hourly rates quoted 34 77 68
10th Percentile £43.10 £51.25 £53.75
25th Percentile £50.31 £62.50 £60.91
Median hourly rate £62.50 £65.00 £65.61
Median % change year-on-year -3.85% -0.92% +0.16%
75th Percentile £65.00 £70.00 £75.00
90th Percentile £87.01 £71.90 £79.65
UK excluding London median hourly rate £65.00 £67.00 £65.61
% change year-on-year -2.99% +2.13% +0.93%

All Process and Methodology Skills
UK

CI/CD falls under the Processes and Methodologies category. For comparison with the information above, the following table provides summary statistics for all contract job vacancies requiring process or methodology skills.

Contract vacancies with a requirement for process or methodology skills 27,997 36,800 49,961
As % of all contract IT jobs advertised in the UK 90.87% 85.25% 89.54%
Number of daily rates quoted 17,653 23,447 34,408
10th Percentile £300 £300 £325
25th Percentile £405 £413 £438
Median daily rate (50th Percentile) £501 £525 £550
Median % change year-on-year -4.57% -4.55% +1.85%
75th Percentile £625 £638 £650
90th Percentile £738 £750 £750
UK excluding London median daily rate £475 £500 £500
% change year-on-year -5.00% - -
Number of hourly rates quoted 1,376 2,552 1,712
10th Percentile £14.20 £12.74 £11.87
25th Percentile £17.44 £16.06 £16.25
Median hourly rate £25.15 £37.50 £36.00
Median % change year-on-year -32.93% +4.17% +38.46%
75th Percentile £53.78 £61.30 £64.72
90th Percentile £70.00 £72.50 £75.00
UK excluding London median hourly rate £24.66 £38.12 £35.00
% change year-on-year -35.31% +8.91% +66.67%

CI/CD
Job Vacancy Trend

Job postings citing CI/CD as a proportion of all IT jobs advertised.

Job vacancy trend for CI/CD in the UK

CI/CD
Contractor Daily Rate Trend

3-month moving average daily rate quoted in jobs citing CI/CD.

Daily rate trend for CI/CD in the UK

CI/CD
Daily Rate Histogram

Daily rate distribution for jobs citing CI/CD over the 6 months to 1 July 2025.

Daily rate histogram for CI/CD in the UK

CI/CD
Contractor Hourly Rate Trend

3-month moving average hourly rates quoted in jobs citing CI/CD.

Hourly rate trend for CI/CD in the UK

CI/CD
Hourly Rate Histogram

Hourly rate distribution of jobs citing CI/CD over the 6 months to 1 July 2025.

Hourly rate histogram for CI/CD in the UK

CI/CD
Top 17 Contract Locations

The table below looks at the demand and provides a guide to the median contractor rates quoted in IT jobs citing CI/CD within the UK over the 6 months to 1 July 2025. The 'Rank Change' column provides an indication of the change in demand within each location based on the same 6 month period last year.

Location Rank Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Matching
Contract
IT Job Ads
Median
Daily Rate
Past 6 Months
Median Daily Rate
% Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Live
Jobs
England +10 2,293 £513 -7.66% 10,490
London +2 1,335 £530 -7.83% 4,918
UK excluding London +14 1,056 £477 -9.24% 6,397
Work from Home +8 1,023 £513 -6.82% 5,942
North of England +7 325 £486 -7.38% 1,738
South East +28 211 £500 -16.67% 1,549
Scotland +10 186 £496 +3.44% 530
North West +5 164 £489 -15.00% 1,042
Midlands +56 155 £460 -8.00% 769
Yorkshire +4 142 £500 +5.26% 593
South West -2 102 £534 -9.53% 763
West Midlands +36 85 £500 -6.98% 453
East Midlands +40 70 £440 +0.74% 312
East of England +27 68 £466 -12.78% 732
North East +6 23 £423 +2.74% 105
Wales -3 16 £501 -1.57% 175
Northern Ireland - 6 £425 - 180

CI/CD
Co-occurring Skills and Capabilities by Category

The follow tables expand on the table above by listing co-occurrences grouped by category. The same employment type, locality and period is covered with up to 20 co-occurrences shown in each of the following categories:

Application Platforms
1 100 (3.55%) Apache Spark
2 93 (3.30%) Confluence
3 90 (3.20%) Apache
4 69 (2.45%) Apache Airflow
5 24 (0.85%) JBoss
6 22 (0.78%) WebSphere
7 18 (0.64%) nginx
8 17 (0.60%) Anypoint
9 15 (0.53%) OpenStack
9 15 (0.53%) WebLogic
10 13 (0.46%) SharePoint
11 12 (0.43%) Mule
11 12 (0.43%) Tomcat
12 11 (0.39%) IIS
13 10 (0.36%) Camunda
13 10 (0.36%) CMS
14 9 (0.32%) WebSphere Application Server
15 7 (0.25%) WordPress
16 6 (0.21%) Microsoft Exchange
16 6 (0.21%) Oracle Service Bus
Applications
1 15 (0.53%) Microsoft Excel
2 6 (0.21%) MS Visio
2 6 (0.21%) Trello
3 4 (0.14%) Chatbot
4 2 (0.071%) Microsoft Office
4 2 (0.071%) Microsoft PowerPoint
4 2 (0.071%) Microsoft Project
4 2 (0.071%) Mozilla Thunderbird
4 2 (0.071%) Sketch
5 1 (0.036%) Adobe XD
5 1 (0.036%) InVision
5 1 (0.036%) MadCap Flare
5 1 (0.036%) Spreadsheet
5 1 (0.036%) Stateflow
Business Applications
1 20 (0.71%) Oracle BPM
2 14 (0.50%) FLEXCUBE
3 9 (0.32%) Dynamics CRM
3 9 (0.32%) Payment Gateway
4 6 (0.21%) Endur
4 6 (0.21%) Maximo
5 5 (0.18%) Oracle EBS
6 4 (0.14%) Aladdin
6 4 (0.14%) Shopify
7 3 (0.11%) NEC Housing
7 3 (0.11%) NetSuite
7 3 (0.11%) Salesforce CRM
8 2 (0.071%) Remedy ITSM
8 2 (0.071%) SAP HCM
8 2 (0.071%) SAP Hybris
8 2 (0.071%) SAP PM
8 2 (0.071%) SAP S/4HANA
9 1 (0.036%) Oracle ERP
9 1 (0.036%) Summit
9 1 (0.036%) Workday HCM
Cloud Services
1 1,260 (44.76%) AWS
2 971 (34.49%) Azure
3 460 (16.34%) GitHub
4 399 (14.17%) GCP
5 373 (13.25%) Azure DevOps
6 335 (11.90%) Serverless
7 255 (9.06%) GitHub Actions
8 236 (8.38%) AWS Lambda
9 211 (7.50%) Amazon S3
10 176 (6.25%) AWS CloudFormation
11 123 (4.37%) Amazon CloudWatch
11 123 (4.37%) Amazon EC2
12 117 (4.16%) OpenShift
13 115 (4.09%) Amazon EKS
14 84 (2.98%) Amazon ECS
15 83 (2.95%) Power Platform
15 83 (2.95%) SaaS
16 80 (2.84%) Azure AKS
17 73 (2.59%) PaaS
18 72 (2.56%) Azure Data Factory
Communications & Networking
1 84 (2.98%) Firewall
2 74 (2.63%) DNS
3 54 (1.92%) VPN
4 49 (1.74%) TCP/IP
5 45 (1.60%) Network Security
6 40 (1.42%) HTTP
7 28 (0.99%) SSL
8 16 (0.57%) DHCP
9 14 (0.50%) HTTPS
9 14 (0.50%) SAN
10 13 (0.46%) BGP
11 12 (0.43%) Ethernet
12 11 (0.39%) SMTP
13 10 (0.36%) OSPF
14 9 (0.32%) NAS
15 8 (0.28%) Remote Desktop
15 8 (0.28%) WAN
16 7 (0.25%) VSAN
17 6 (0.21%) DSL
17 6 (0.21%) FTP
Database & Business Intelligence
1 230 (8.17%) PostgreSQL
2 165 (5.86%) Relational Database
3 136 (4.83%) NoSQL
4 124 (4.40%) SQL Server
5 111 (3.94%) MongoDB
6 104 (3.69%) Amazon RDS
7 85 (3.02%) Data Warehouse
8 77 (2.74%) DynamoDB
9 71 (2.52%) MySQL
10 70 (2.49%) Big Data
11 66 (2.34%) Data Lake
11 66 (2.34%) Power BI
12 56 (1.99%) BigQuery
13 51 (1.81%) Azure SQL Database
14 49 (1.74%) Elasticsearch
15 43 (1.53%) Oracle Database
16 42 (1.49%) Amazon Athena
17 37 (1.31%) Hadoop
17 37 (1.31%) RDBMS
18 32 (1.14%) Redis
Development Applications
1 677 (24.05%) Jenkins
2 543 (19.29%) Git
3 390 (13.85%) GitLab
4 243 (8.63%) JIRA
5 127 (4.51%) JUnit
6 126 (4.48%) Selenium
7 91 (3.23%) Cypress.io
8 81 (2.88%) SonarQube
9 80 (2.84%) Bitbucket
10 76 (2.70%) Gradle
11 74 (2.63%) Maven
12 69 (2.45%) Mockito
12 69 (2.45%) Postman
13 68 (2.42%) TeamCity
14 65 (2.31%) Cucumber
15 59 (2.10%) Artifactory
16 58 (2.06%) JMeter
17 50 (1.78%) REST Assured
18 48 (1.71%) Liquibase
19 41 (1.46%) Sonatype Nexus
General
1 720 (25.58%) Social Skills
2 581 (20.64%) Finance
3 337 (11.97%) Analytical Skills
4 293 (10.41%) Public Sector
5 224 (7.96%) Banking
6 77 (2.74%) Telecoms
7 61 (2.17%) Investment Banking
8 59 (2.10%) Marketing
9 57 (2.02%) Presentation Skills
10 49 (1.74%) Manufacturing
11 45 (1.60%) Inclusion and Diversity
12 44 (1.56%) Military
13 42 (1.49%) Front Office
14 41 (1.46%) Retail
15 38 (1.35%) Electronics
15 38 (1.35%) Financial Institution
16 33 (1.17%) Organisational Skills
17 31 (1.10%) Documentation Skills
18 17 (0.60%) Law
19 16 (0.57%) Legal
Job Titles
1 792 (28.13%) Developer
2 421 (14.96%) DevOps Engineer
3 383 (13.61%) Senior
4 289 (10.27%) Architect
5 215 (7.64%) Lead
6 200 (7.10%) Java Developer
7 189 (6.71%) AWS Engineer
8 157 (5.58%) Data Engineer
9 137 (4.87%) Software Engineer
10 131 (4.65%) Senior Developer
11 119 (4.23%) Azure Engineer
12 116 (4.12%) AWS DevOps
12 116 (4.12%) Cloud Engineer
13 114 (4.05%) Full-Stack Developer
14 103 (3.66%) AWS DevOps Engineer
14 103 (3.66%) Python Developer
15 90 (3.20%) Python Engineer
16 77 (2.74%) Solutions Architect
17 76 (2.70%) Platform Engineer
18 72 (2.56%) React Developer
Libraries, Frameworks & Software Standards
1 330 (11.72%) React
2 263 (9.34%) RESTful
3 255 (9.06%) Kafka
4 239 (8.49%) REST
4 239 (8.49%) Spring
5 238 (8.45%) .NET
6 210 (7.46%) Spring Boot
7 198 (7.03%) Node.js
8 163 (5.79%) HTML
9 162 (5.75%) CSS
10 131 (4.65%) AngularJS
11 95 (3.37%) Web Services
12 93 (3.30%) GraphQL
13 85 (3.02%) OAuth
14 80 (2.84%) JSON
14 80 (2.84%) SOAP
15 71 (2.52%) .NET Core
16 68 (2.42%) Elastic Stack
16 68 (2.42%) PySpark
17 64 (2.27%) Playwright
Miscellaneous
1 223 (7.92%) Cloud Native
2 122 (4.33%) Product Ownership
3 112 (3.98%) Distributed Systems
4 76 (2.70%) Algorithms
5 75 (2.66%) Public Cloud
6 73 (2.59%) Mobile App
7 60 (2.13%) Legacy Systems
8 56 (1.99%) Data Protection Act
9 50 (1.78%) Greenfield Project
10 47 (1.67%) Enterprise Software
11 46 (1.63%) Onboarding
12 43 (1.53%) Management Information System
13 41 (1.46%) Virtual Team
14 38 (1.35%) Hybrid Cloud
15 37 (1.31%) Foreign Exchange (FX)
16 35 (1.24%) Data Structures
17 34 (1.21%) Hedge funds
18 29 (1.03%) Data Centre
19 27 (0.96%) Derivative
20 26 (0.92%) Analytical Mindset
Operating Systems
1 380 (13.50%) Linux
2 154 (5.47%) Windows
3 87 (3.09%) Android
3 87 (3.09%) Unix
4 74 (2.63%) Red Hat Enterprise Linux
5 57 (2.02%) Apple iOS
6 41 (1.46%) Windows Server
7 15 (0.53%) VMS
8 10 (0.36%) CentOS
8 10 (0.36%) Solaris
9 7 (0.25%) Rocky
9 7 (0.25%) SUSE
10 6 (0.21%) Mac OS
11 4 (0.14%) Windows Server 2019
12 3 (0.11%) AIX
12 3 (0.11%) Ubuntu
13 2 (0.071%) Amazon Linux
14 1 (0.036%) Debian
14 1 (0.036%) Windows Server 2016
14 1 (0.036%) zOS
Processes & Methodologies
1 1,538 (54.64%) DevOps
2 1,133 (40.25%) Agile
3 663 (23.55%) Infrastructure as Code
4 613 (21.78%) Problem-Solving
5 593 (21.07%) Containerisation
6 568 (20.18%) Test Automation
7 552 (19.61%) Microservices
8 410 (14.56%) Software Engineering
9 341 (12.11%) Continuous Integration
10 321 (11.40%) Scrum
11 312 (11.08%) TDD
12 258 (9.17%) Migration
13 249 (8.85%) Mentoring
14 247 (8.77%) Full-Stack Development
15 236 (8.38%) Analytics
16 225 (7.99%) SDLC
17 223 (7.92%) Continuous Improvement
18 221 (7.85%) Artificial Intelligence
19 201 (7.14%) Observability
20 185 (6.57%) Infrastructure Automation
Programming Languages
1 1,122 (39.86%) Python
2 749 (26.61%) Java
3 575 (20.43%) SQL
4 463 (16.45%) JavaScript
5 313 (11.12%) C#
6 307 (10.91%) TypeScript
7 302 (10.73%) Bash
8 209 (7.42%) PowerShell
9 134 (4.76%) Go
10 93 (3.30%) C++
11 79 (2.81%) Shell Script
12 69 (2.45%) Kotlin
13 61 (2.17%) Scala
14 58 (2.06%) Bicep
15 45 (1.60%) PL/SQL
16 42 (1.49%) Perl
17 37 (1.31%) Groovy
18 32 (1.14%) PHP
19 30 (1.07%) Ruby
19 30 (1.07%) Rust
Qualifications
1 530 (18.83%) Security Cleared
2 450 (15.99%) SC Cleared
3 192 (6.82%) Degree
4 103 (3.66%) AWS Certification
5 95 (3.37%) Computer Science Degree
6 66 (2.34%) Azure Certification
7 52 (1.85%) DV Cleared
8 39 (1.39%) AWS Certified Solutions Architect
9 32 (1.14%) BPSS Clearance
10 27 (0.96%) Master's Degree
11 25 (0.89%) ISTQB
12 24 (0.85%) Microsoft Certification
13 19 (0.67%) CISSP
14 18 (0.64%) CREST Certified
15 16 (0.57%) AWS Certified DevOps Engineer
15 16 (0.57%) Cisco Certification
16 14 (0.50%) OSCP
17 13 (0.46%) Tigerscheme
18 12 (0.43%) OCP
18 12 (0.43%) Oracle Certification
Quality Assurance & Compliance
1 239 (8.49%) QA
2 115 (4.09%) Accessibility
3 81 (2.88%) Data Quality
4 79 (2.81%) GDPR
5 39 (1.39%) ISO/IEC 27001
6 30 (1.07%) NIST
6 30 (1.07%) PCI DSS
7 28 (0.99%) HIPAA
8 24 (0.85%) WCAG
9 22 (0.78%) NCSC
10 11 (0.39%) SLA
10 11 (0.39%) SOC 2
11 9 (0.32%) Cyber Essentials
11 9 (0.32%) Cyber Essentials PLUS
11 9 (0.32%) Disclosure Scotland
12 8 (0.28%) Sarbanes-Oxley
12 8 (0.28%) Software Quality Assurance
13 7 (0.25%) SEPA
14 5 (0.18%) Actionable Recommendations
15 4 (0.14%) HL7
System Software
1 798 (28.35%) Docker
2 67 (2.38%) Active Directory
3 33 (1.17%) Virtual Machines
4 32 (1.14%) VMware Infrastructure
5 23 (0.82%) vSphere
6 12 (0.43%) VMware ESXi
7 7 (0.25%) Apache ZooKeeper
7 7 (0.25%) Virtual Desktop
7 7 (0.25%) VMware NSX
8 6 (0.21%) NFS
8 6 (0.21%) Veritas Cluster Server
9 5 (0.18%) Firmware
10 4 (0.14%) Ceph
10 4 (0.14%) Hyper-V
11 3 (0.11%) LXC
11 3 (0.11%) OpenAM
11 3 (0.11%) OpenDJ
11 3 (0.11%) OpenIDM
12 2 (0.071%) Postfix
12 2 (0.071%) zsh
Systems Management
1 934 (33.18%) Kubernetes
2 847 (30.09%) Terraform
3 403 (14.32%) Ansible
4 178 (6.32%) Grafana
5 149 (5.29%) Prometheus
6 80 (2.84%) Puppet
7 69 (2.45%) Progress Chef
8 51 (1.81%) Argo
9 43 (1.53%) Kibana
10 26 (0.92%) Single Sign-On
11 20 (0.71%) Packer
12 18 (0.64%) Istio
13 16 (0.57%) Podman
14 14 (0.50%) Nmap
15 13 (0.46%) Microsoft Intune
16 12 (0.43%) Consul
16 12 (0.43%) logstash
17 10 (0.36%) CloudHub
17 10 (0.36%) Kustomize
18 9 (0.32%) vCenter Server
Vendors
1 280 (9.95%) Microsoft
2 166 (5.90%) Oracle
3 146 (5.19%) Google
4 133 (4.72%) Splunk
5 114 (4.05%) Databricks
6 76 (2.70%) SAP
7 72 (2.56%) Red Hat
8 67 (2.38%) Salesforce
9 63 (2.24%) ServiceNow
10 48 (1.71%) VMware
11 45 (1.60%) IBM
12 41 (1.46%) Dynatrace
13 37 (1.31%) MuleSoft
14 33 (1.17%) AppDynamics
15 28 (0.99%) Cisco
16 20 (0.71%) Veracode
17 17 (0.60%) Atlassian
18 16 (0.57%) Dell
19 15 (0.53%) Cloudera
19 15 (0.53%) OpenAI