CI/CD
UK

The following table provides summary statistics for contract job vacancies with a requirement for CI/CD skills. Included is a benchmarking guide to the contractor rates offered in vacancies that have cited CI/CD over the 6 months to 9 May 2024 with a comparison to the same period in the previous 2 years.

6 months to
9 May 2024
Same period 2023 Same period 2022
Rank 30 21 19
Rank change year-on-year -9 -2 -2
Contract jobs citing CI/CD 2,475 4,601 7,537
As % of all contract jobs advertised in the UK 5.75% 7.93% 8.64%
As % of the Processes & Methodologies category 6.66% 8.83% 9.54%
Number of daily rates quoted 1,753 3,257 5,303
10th Percentile £403 £450 £438
25th Percentile £463 £500 £500
Median daily rate (50th Percentile) £550 £600 £600
Median % change year-on-year -8.33% - +14.29%
75th Percentile £650 £688 £688
90th Percentile £750 £775 £775
UK excluding London median daily rate £550 £550 £525
% change year-on-year - +4.76% +10.53%
Number of hourly rates quoted 43 73 54
10th Percentile £50.25 £59.84 £35.00
25th Percentile £58.25 £60.91 £47.77
Median hourly rate £65.00 £65.61 £65.00
Median % change year-on-year -0.92% +0.93% +40.54%
75th Percentile £70.00 £75.00 £65.76
90th Percentile £72.30 £79.20 £78.28
UK excluding London median hourly rate £65.00 £65.61 £61.63
% change year-on-year -0.92% +6.46% +6.25%

All Process and Methodology Skills
UK

CI/CD is in the Processes and Methodologies category. The following table is for comparison with the above and provides summary statistics for all contract job vacancies with a requirement for process or methodology skills.

Contract vacancies with a requirement for process or methodology skills 37,140 52,105 79,027
As % of all contract IT jobs advertised in the UK 86.25% 89.83% 90.58%
Number of daily rates quoted 23,924 36,124 55,482
10th Percentile £300 £325 £340
25th Percentile £413 £438 £426
Median daily rate (50th Percentile) £525 £550 £530
Median % change year-on-year -4.55% +3.77% +8.72%
75th Percentile £638 £650 £638
90th Percentile £750 £750 £738
UK excluding London median daily rate £500 £500 £475
% change year-on-year - +5.26% +8.57%
Number of hourly rates quoted 2,439 1,724 1,874
10th Percentile £12.75 £11.00 £12.50
25th Percentile £16.00 £16.17 £15.50
Median hourly rate £36.50 £36.00 £25.18
Median % change year-on-year +1.39% +42.97% +2.78%
75th Percentile £60.00 £65.00 £49.25
90th Percentile £72.50 £75.00 £65.00
UK excluding London median hourly rate £38.00 £35.00 £20.00
% change year-on-year +8.57% +75.00% -6.98%

CI/CD
Job Vacancy Trend

Job postings citing CI/CD as a proportion of all IT jobs advertised.

Job vacancy trend for CI/CD in the UK

CI/CD
Contractor Daily Rate Trend

3-month moving average daily rate quoted in jobs citing CI/CD.

Daily rate trend for CI/CD in the UK

CI/CD
Daily Rate Histogram

Daily rate distribution for jobs citing CI/CD over the 6 months to 9 May 2024.

Daily rate histogram for CI/CD in the UK

CI/CD
Contractor Hourly Rate Trend

3-month moving average hourly rates quoted in jobs citing CI/CD.

Hourly rate trend for CI/CD in the UK

CI/CD
Hourly Rate Histogram

Hourly rate distribution of jobs citing CI/CD over the 6 months to 9 May 2024.

Hourly rate histogram for CI/CD in the UK

CI/CD
Top 16 Contract Locations

The table below looks at the demand and provides a guide to the median contractor rates quoted in IT jobs citing CI/CD within the UK over the 6 months to 9 May 2024. The 'Rank Change' column provides an indication of the change in demand within each location based on the same 6 month period last year.

Location Rank Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Matching
Contract
IT Job Ads
Median
Daily Rate
Past 6 Months
Median Daily Rate
% Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Live
Jobs
England -8 2,122 £554 -7.61% 1,175
London -8 1,313 £563 -9.64% 543
Work from Home -13 898 £550 -8.33% 692
UK excluding London -10 860 £550 - 690
North of England -2 301 £550 - 193
North West +2 191 £582 +5.82% 114
South East -20 174 £600 +4.35% 129
South West -18 132 £590 -1.67% 117
Scotland -13 127 £499 +2.31% 76
Yorkshire +9 100 £510 -7.27% 64
Midlands -26 64 £475 -11.71% 91
West Midlands -32 49 £475 -12.04% 67
East of England -21 41 £534 -0.19% 59
Wales +11 23 £509 -13.23% 25
East Midlands +5 12 £398 -6.47% 23
North East -21 10 £469 -21.88% 16

CI/CD
Co-occurring Skills and Capabilities by Category

The follow tables expand on the table above by listing co-occurrences grouped by category. The same employment type, locality and period is covered with up to 20 co-occurrences shown in each of the following categories:

Application Platforms
1 89 (3.60%) Confluence
2 67 (2.71%) Apache Spark
3 64 (2.59%) Apache
3 64 (2.59%) Apache Airflow
4 30 (1.21%) OpenStack
5 29 (1.17%) nginx
6 27 (1.09%) Microsoft Exchange
7 21 (0.85%) SharePoint
8 15 (0.61%) CMS
9 14 (0.57%) JBoss
10 13 (0.53%) Anypoint
11 12 (0.48%) BizTalk Server
12 10 (0.40%) IIS
12 10 (0.40%) SAS
13 6 (0.24%) Adobe Experience Manager
13 6 (0.24%) Tornado
14 5 (0.20%) Apache Solr
14 5 (0.20%) Appian
14 5 (0.20%) Cloud Foundry
14 5 (0.20%) Mule ESB
Applications
1 9 (0.36%) Chatbot
2 8 (0.32%) Microsoft Office
3 6 (0.24%) Microsoft Excel
4 3 (0.12%) CPLEX
4 3 (0.12%) Microsoft PowerPoint
4 3 (0.12%) Windchill
5 1 (0.040%) Gliffy
5 1 (0.040%) PlantUML
5 1 (0.040%) Trello
Business Applications
1 15 (0.61%) Dynamics CRM
2 9 (0.36%) Salesforce CRM
3 8 (0.32%) Loan IQ
4 6 (0.24%) Endur
4 6 (0.24%) NEC Housing
4 6 (0.24%) SAP Hybris
5 4 (0.16%) Distributed Ledger
5 4 (0.16%) SAP S/4HANA
6 3 (0.12%) ENOVIA
6 3 (0.12%) Remedy ITSM
6 3 (0.12%) Shopify
6 3 (0.12%) Teamcenter
7 2 (0.081%) BusinessWorks
8 1 (0.040%) Aladdin
8 1 (0.040%) Fidessa
8 1 (0.040%) Magento
8 1 (0.040%) Markit EDM
8 1 (0.040%) NetSuite
8 1 (0.040%) Oracle EBS
8 1 (0.040%) R3 Corda
Cloud Services
1 925 (37.37%) AWS
2 837 (33.82%) Azure
3 367 (14.83%) Azure DevOps
4 318 (12.85%) Serverless
5 280 (11.31%) GitHub
6 266 (10.75%) GCP
7 180 (7.27%) Amazon S3
7 180 (7.27%) AWS Lambda
8 145 (5.86%) Entra ID
9 134 (5.41%) Amazon EC2
10 102 (4.12%) AWS CloudFormation
11 101 (4.08%) OpenShift
12 100 (4.04%) GitHub Actions
13 96 (3.88%) Azure Functions
14 93 (3.76%) Amazon EKS
15 86 (3.47%) Amazon CloudWatch
16 85 (3.43%) Azure Cosmos DB
17 82 (3.31%) PaaS
18 73 (2.95%) Azure Data Factory
19 71 (2.87%) Virtual Private Cloud
Communications & Networking
1 154 (6.22%) Firewall
2 102 (4.12%) VPN
3 62 (2.51%) DNS
4 47 (1.90%) TCP/IP
5 42 (1.70%) Network Security
6 40 (1.62%) HTTP
7 32 (1.29%) SSL
8 24 (0.97%) DHCP
9 17 (0.69%) BGP
10 15 (0.61%) VSAN
11 14 (0.57%) SAN
12 12 (0.48%) Ethernet VPN
12 12 (0.48%) MPLS
13 11 (0.44%) Ethernet
13 11 (0.44%) Radio Access Network
14 9 (0.36%) Wi-Fi
15 8 (0.32%) SNA
16 7 (0.28%) AMQP
16 7 (0.28%) FTP
16 7 (0.28%) Internet
Database & Business Intelligence
1 202 (8.16%) SQL Server
2 176 (7.11%) NoSQL
3 140 (5.66%) PostgreSQL
4 125 (5.05%) MongoDB
5 95 (3.84%) Relational Database
6 77 (3.11%) Amazon RDS
7 75 (3.03%) Elasticsearch
8 73 (2.95%) Azure SQL Database
8 73 (2.95%) Data Warehouse
9 67 (2.71%) MySQL
10 66 (2.67%) Data Lake
11 61 (2.46%) Big Data
12 54 (2.18%) Power BI
13 50 (2.02%) DynamoDB
14 37 (1.49%) Amazon Redshift
15 31 (1.25%) Redis
16 30 (1.21%) BigQuery
17 28 (1.13%) Oracle Database
18 25 (1.01%) Hadoop
19 22 (0.89%) Amazon Aurora
Development Applications
1 562 (22.71%) Jenkins
2 451 (18.22%) Git
3 315 (12.73%) GitLab
4 200 (8.08%) JIRA
5 121 (4.89%) Selenium
6 108 (4.36%) Cypress.io
7 97 (3.92%) Cucumber
8 71 (2.87%) Postman
9 69 (2.79%) TeamCity
10 68 (2.75%) Bitbucket
11 67 (2.71%) JUnit
12 63 (2.55%) Maven
13 56 (2.26%) SpecFlow
14 54 (2.18%) Visual Studio
15 50 (2.02%) Atlassian Bamboo
16 48 (1.94%) SonarQube
17 43 (1.74%) JMeter
18 40 (1.62%) Artifactory
19 35 (1.41%) Mockito
20 34 (1.37%) WebDriver
General
1 508 (20.53%) Social Skills
2 427 (17.25%) Finance
3 241 (9.74%) Public Sector
4 183 (7.39%) Analytical Skills
5 155 (6.26%) Banking
6 61 (2.46%) Front Office
7 57 (2.30%) Retail
8 46 (1.86%) Presentation Skills
9 45 (1.82%) Inclusion and Diversity
10 35 (1.41%) Telecoms
11 30 (1.21%) Investment Banking
12 29 (1.17%) Financial Institution
12 29 (1.17%) Law
13 27 (1.09%) Pharmaceutical
14 25 (1.01%) Legal
15 23 (0.93%) Marketing
16 21 (0.85%) Back Office
17 20 (0.81%) Manufacturing
18 19 (0.77%) Aerospace
18 19 (0.77%) Electronics
Job Titles
1 713 (28.81%) Developer
2 379 (15.31%) DevOps Engineer
3 359 (14.51%) Senior
4 233 (9.41%) Architect
5 218 (8.81%) Lead
6 152 (6.14%) Senior Developer
7 148 (5.98%) AWS Engineer
8 146 (5.90%) Java Developer
9 138 (5.58%) Azure Engineer
10 123 (4.97%) Software Engineer
11 114 (4.61%) Data Engineer
12 108 (4.36%) Full Stack Developer
13 103 (4.16%) AWS DevOps
14 90 (3.64%) AWS DevOps Engineer
15 87 (3.52%) Python Developer
16 84 (3.39%) Cloud Engineer
17 75 (3.03%) Software Developer
18 69 (2.79%) Azure Developer
19 67 (2.71%) Solutions Architect
20 63 (2.55%) Consultant
Libraries, Frameworks & Software Standards
1 289 (11.68%) Node.js
2 283 (11.43%) .NET
3 282 (11.39%) React
4 241 (9.74%) REST
5 174 (7.03%) Spring
6 157 (6.34%) Spring Boot
7 149 (6.02%) HTML
7 149 (6.02%) XML
8 143 (5.78%) Kafka
9 139 (5.62%) CSS
10 128 (5.17%) RESTful
11 113 (4.57%) .NET Core
12 105 (4.24%) AngularJS
13 97 (3.92%) Elastic Stack
14 94 (3.80%) JSON
15 91 (3.68%) YAML
16 84 (3.39%) .NET Framework
17 75 (3.03%) ARM Templates
18 65 (2.63%) Web Services
19 60 (2.42%) GraphQL
Miscellaneous
1 157 (6.34%) Product Ownership
2 101 (4.08%) Public Cloud
3 88 (3.56%) Cloud Native
4 79 (3.19%) Distributed Systems
5 59 (2.38%) Data Structures
6 58 (2.34%) Algorithms
7 53 (2.14%) Greenfield Project
7 53 (2.14%) Linux Command Line
8 51 (2.06%) Mobile App
9 42 (1.70%) Legacy Systems
10 39 (1.58%) Data Centre
11 37 (1.49%) Data Protection Act
11 37 (1.49%) Derivative
12 31 (1.25%) Management Information System
12 31 (1.25%) Onboarding
13 28 (1.13%) Enterprise Software
13 28 (1.13%) Fixed Income
13 28 (1.13%) PKI
14 27 (1.09%) Self-Motivation
15 25 (1.01%) Foreign Exchange (FX)
Operating Systems
1 424 (17.13%) Linux
2 218 (8.81%) Windows
3 104 (4.20%) Unix
4 98 (3.96%) Windows Server
5 80 (3.23%) Android
6 64 (2.59%) Apple iOS
7 60 (2.42%) Red Hat Enterprise Linux
8 33 (1.33%) CentOS
9 21 (0.85%) VMS
10 20 (0.81%) Windows Server 2019
11 19 (0.77%) Windows Server 2016
12 18 (0.73%) Ubuntu
13 7 (0.28%) Embedded Linux
13 7 (0.28%) Solaris
14 5 (0.20%) Alpine Linux
15 4 (0.16%) AIX
15 4 (0.16%) VxWorks
16 3 (0.12%) Windows 10
16 3 (0.12%) Windows Server 2012
17 2 (0.081%) Mac OS
Processes & Methodologies
1 1,403 (56.69%) DevOps
2 1,081 (43.68%) Agile
3 478 (19.31%) Infrastructure as Code
3 478 (19.31%) Test Automation
4 427 (17.25%) Continuous Integration
5 389 (15.72%) Microservices
6 371 (14.99%) Software Engineering
7 325 (13.13%) Problem-Solving
8 323 (13.05%) Containerisation
9 322 (13.01%) Scrum
10 255 (10.30%) TDD
11 243 (9.82%) SDLC
12 226 (9.13%) Full Stack Development
13 180 (7.27%) Migration
14 163 (6.59%) Computer Science
15 161 (6.51%) Continuous Deployment
16 160 (6.46%) Continuous Delivery
17 157 (6.34%) Analytics
18 150 (6.06%) Configuration Management
19 142 (5.74%) Unit Testing
Programming Languages
1 842 (34.02%) Python
2 552 (22.30%) Java
3 462 (18.67%) SQL
4 358 (14.46%) JavaScript
5 324 (13.09%) PowerShell
6 323 (13.05%) C#
7 236 (9.54%) TypeScript
8 211 (8.53%) Bash
9 135 (5.45%) Go
10 96 (3.88%) Shell Script
11 91 (3.68%) Bicep
12 78 (3.15%) C++
13 65 (2.63%) Perl
14 52 (2.10%) Kotlin
15 51 (2.06%) Scala
16 48 (1.94%) Ruby
17 36 (1.45%) C
18 35 (1.41%) Groovy
19 26 (1.05%) PHP
20 22 (0.89%) T-SQL
Qualifications
1 494 (19.96%) Security Cleared
2 380 (15.35%) SC Cleared
3 188 (7.60%) Degree
4 114 (4.61%) DV Cleared
5 109 (4.40%) Computer Science Degree
6 43 (1.74%) AWS Certification
7 24 (0.97%) Master's Degree
8 22 (0.89%) Azure Certification
9 20 (0.81%) AWS Certified DevOps Engineer
10 19 (0.77%) BPSS Clearance
11 16 (0.65%) ITIL Foundation Certificate
12 14 (0.57%) CISSP
12 14 (0.57%) ISTQB
13 12 (0.48%) AWS Certified Solutions Architect
14 7 (0.28%) CISM
14 7 (0.28%) Microsoft Certification
15 6 (0.24%) AAT
16 5 (0.20%) ISTQB Foundation Certification
17 4 (0.16%) ISEB
18 3 (0.12%) CRISC
Quality Assurance & Compliance
1 153 (6.18%) QA
2 64 (2.59%) Accessibility
3 40 (1.62%) Data Quality
4 18 (0.73%) NIST
5 17 (0.69%) ISO/IEC 27001
6 16 (0.65%) SLA
6 16 (0.65%) WCAG
7 15 (0.61%) MISRA
8 14 (0.57%) Disclosure Scotland
9 12 (0.48%) GDPR
9 12 (0.48%) PCI DSS
10 8 (0.32%) NCSC
11 5 (0.20%) HIPAA
11 5 (0.20%) ISO 9001
12 4 (0.16%) ISO 20022
12 4 (0.16%) MiFID
12 4 (0.16%) MISRA C
12 4 (0.16%) PMO
13 3 (0.12%) Cyber Essentials
13 3 (0.12%) ISO 22301
System Software
1 521 (21.05%) Docker
2 174 (7.03%) Active Directory
3 73 (2.95%) Virtual Machines
4 31 (1.25%) VMware Infrastructure
5 28 (1.13%) VMware NSX
6 18 (0.73%) Virtual Desktop
7 16 (0.65%) Apache ZooKeeper
8 15 (0.61%) VMware ESXi
9 11 (0.44%) vSphere
10 10 (0.40%) HDFS
10 10 (0.40%) vCloud
11 7 (0.28%) Firmware
12 3 (0.12%) Hyper-V
12 3 (0.12%) LXC
13 2 (0.081%) Embedded Firmware
14 1 (0.040%) Apache Flume
14 1 (0.040%) Ceph
14 1 (0.040%) NFS
14 1 (0.040%) Oracle RAC
14 1 (0.040%) XenDesktop
Systems Management
1 645 (26.06%) Terraform
2 617 (24.93%) Kubernetes
3 360 (14.55%) Ansible
4 148 (5.98%) Grafana
5 133 (5.37%) Prometheus
6 75 (3.03%) Puppet
7 66 (2.67%) Progress Chef
8 57 (2.30%) Kibana
9 32 (1.29%) logstash
10 28 (1.13%) Packer
11 24 (0.97%) PowerCLI
11 24 (0.97%) Single Sign-On
12 23 (0.93%) Consul
13 21 (0.85%) Active Directory Federation Services
14 19 (0.77%) Istio
14 19 (0.77%) SCOM
15 18 (0.73%) vCenter Server
16 17 (0.69%) Argo
16 17 (0.69%) Docker Swarm
16 17 (0.69%) Microsoft Intune
Vendors
1 351 (14.18%) Microsoft
2 127 (5.13%) Google
3 117 (4.73%) Oracle
4 71 (2.87%) Splunk
5 70 (2.83%) Databricks
6 68 (2.75%) VMware
7 49 (1.98%) ServiceNow
8 48 (1.94%) IBM
9 46 (1.86%) Salesforce
10 44 (1.78%) SAP
11 42 (1.70%) Red Hat
12 40 (1.62%) Atlassian
13 32 (1.29%) MuleSoft
14 28 (1.13%) Dell
15 25 (1.01%) CyberArk
16 23 (0.93%) HP
17 18 (0.73%) BeyondTrust
17 18 (0.73%) Cisco
17 18 (0.73%) TIBCO
18 16 (0.65%) AppDynamics