SQL (Structured Query Language)
UK

The following table provides summary statistics for contract job vacancies with a requirement for SQL skills. Included is a benchmarking guide to the contractor rates offered in vacancies that have cited SQL over the 6 months to 7 December 2023 with a comparison to the same period in the previous 2 years.

6 months to
7 Dec 2023
Same period 2022 Same period 2021
Rank 11 8 8
Rank change year-on-year -3 0 +1
Contract jobs citing SQL 4,737 10,086 11,619
As % of all contract jobs advertised in the UK 10.55% 13.14% 12.97%
As % of the Programming Languages category 34.24% 34.85% 33.44%
Number of daily rates quoted 3,418 7,240 8,324
10th Percentile £356 £375 £350
25th Percentile £425 £450 £415
Median daily rate (50th Percentile) £538 £550 £513
Median % change year-on-year -2.27% +7.32% +8.52%
75th Percentile £650 £650 £620
90th Percentile £750 £756 £700
UK excluding London median daily rate £500 £500 £450
% change year-on-year - +11.11% +7.48%
Number of hourly rates quoted 66 105 162
10th Percentile £21.31 £18.25 £12.30
25th Percentile £26.25 £20.25 £24.50
Median hourly rate £45.00 £44.68 £40.75
Median % change year-on-year +0.72% +9.64% +55.24%
75th Percentile £56.20 £65.79 £56.00
90th Percentile £70.33 £75.15 £62.15
UK excluding London median hourly rate £42.66 £35.00 £40.00
% change year-on-year +21.89% -12.50% +69.58%

All Programming Languages
UK

SQL is in the Programming Languages category. The following table is for comparison with the above and provides summary statistics for all contract job vacancies with a requirement for coding skills.

Contract vacancies with a requirement for coding skills 13,834 28,943 34,751
As % of all contract IT jobs advertised in the UK 30.82% 37.70% 38.79%
Number of daily rates quoted 9,852 20,725 25,297
10th Percentile £360 £400 £363
25th Percentile £433 £468 £430
Median daily rate (50th Percentile) £550 £565 £525
Median % change year-on-year -2.65% +7.62% +10.53%
75th Percentile £650 £675 £638
90th Percentile £750 £775 £713
UK excluding London median daily rate £500 £520 £470
% change year-on-year -3.85% +10.64% +10.59%
Number of hourly rates quoted 422 502 432
10th Percentile £31.28 £25.50 £18.60
25th Percentile £46.48 £46.38 £27.50
Median hourly rate £61.42 £62.50 £47.50
Median % change year-on-year -1.73% +31.58% +11.76%
75th Percentile £70.00 £67.41 £60.00
90th Percentile £78.68 £74.52 £70.00
UK excluding London median hourly rate £65.00 £65.00 £46.30
% change year-on-year - +40.39% +7.67%

SQL
Job Vacancy Trend

Job postings citing SQL as a proportion of all IT jobs advertised.

Job vacancy trend for SQL in the UK

SQL
Contractor Daily Rate Trend

3-month moving average daily rate quoted in jobs citing SQL.

Daily rate trend for SQL in the UK

SQL
Daily Rate Histogram

Daily rate distribution for jobs citing SQL over the 6 months to 7 December 2023.

Daily rate histogram for SQL in the UK

SQL
Contractor Hourly Rate Trend

3-month moving average hourly rates quoted in jobs citing SQL.

Hourly rate trend for SQL in the UK

SQL
Hourly Rate Histogram

Hourly rate distribution of jobs citing SQL over the 6 months to 7 December 2023.

Hourly rate histogram for SQL in the UK

SQL
Top 17 Contract Locations

The table below looks at the demand and provides a guide to the median contractor rates quoted in IT jobs citing SQL within the UK over the 6 months to 7 December 2023. The 'Rank Change' column provides an indication of the change in demand within each location based on the same 6 month period last year.

Location Rank Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Matching
Contract
IT Job Ads
Median
Daily Rate
Past 6 Months
Median Daily Rate
% Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Live
Jobs
England -3 4,043 £550 - 3,408
London 0 2,603 £575 -4.17% 1,510
Work from Home -7 1,802 £525 -2.33% 1,966
UK excluding London -6 1,608 £500 - 2,164
South East -5 429 £550 +10.00% 590
North of England -10 322 £500 +1.01% 642
Scotland -2 249 £500 +11.11% 130
Midlands -14 220 £450 -10.00% 338
North West -8 188 £488 +2.63% 384
South West -5 184 £513 -2.38% 202
West Midlands -16 149 £475 -9.52% 200
East of England -1 130 £500 +11.11% 191
Yorkshire -7 126 £525 -2.33% 190
East Midlands +1 70 £431 +1.47% 138
Wales +2 62 £338 -35.71% 72
Northern Ireland -2 25 £350 -26.32% 33
North East -7 8 £466 -11.33% 77

SQL
Co-occurring Skills and Capabilities by Category

The follow tables expand on the table above by listing co-occurrences grouped by category. The same employment type, locality and period is covered with up to 20 co-occurrences shown in each of the following categories:

Application Platforms
1 145 (3.06%) Confluence
2 141 (2.98%) Apache Spark
3 139 (2.93%) Apache
4 118 (2.49%) SharePoint
5 116 (2.45%) Apache Airflow
6 87 (1.84%) SAS
7 55 (1.16%) IIS
8 35 (0.74%) BizTalk Server
9 33 (0.70%) Jupyter
9 33 (0.70%) Tomcat
10 19 (0.40%) CMS
11 18 (0.38%) WebSphere
12 17 (0.36%) nginx
13 14 (0.30%) Oracle Workflow
14 13 (0.27%) JBoss
15 12 (0.25%) WebLogic
16 9 (0.19%) Luigi
16 9 (0.19%) WordPress
17 8 (0.17%) Content Management Server
18 7 (0.15%) WebSphere Application Server
Applications
1 320 (6.76%) Microsoft Excel
2 93 (1.96%) Microsoft Office
3 56 (1.18%) Microsoft PowerPoint
4 39 (0.82%) MS Visio
5 24 (0.51%) SPSS
6 19 (0.40%) Stata
7 15 (0.32%) Spreadsheet
8 12 (0.25%) Trello
9 10 (0.21%) Chatbot
10 6 (0.13%) Oracle Smart View
11 3 (0.063%) Mathematica
11 3 (0.063%) Microsoft Project
11 3 (0.063%) Mingle
11 3 (0.063%) Windchill
12 1 (0.021%) Acrobat
12 1 (0.021%) Adobe Creative Suite
12 1 (0.021%) Fireworks
12 1 (0.021%) Photoshop
12 1 (0.021%) UserZoom
Business Applications
1 44 (0.93%) Dynamics CRM
2 40 (0.84%) Oracle EBS
3 39 (0.82%) ION MarketView
4 29 (0.61%) Endur
5 23 (0.49%) Dynamics AX
6 12 (0.25%) Oracle General Ledger
7 11 (0.23%) SAP FI
8 10 (0.21%) Loan IQ
8 10 (0.21%) Remedy ITSM
8 10 (0.21%) SAP CO
8 10 (0.21%) SAP FI/CO
9 9 (0.19%) Oracle Applications
9 9 (0.19%) Oracle EBS R12
9 9 (0.19%) Oracle Receivables
10 8 (0.17%) Salesforce CRM
11 7 (0.15%) Oracle ERP
11 7 (0.15%) Oracle Payables
11 7 (0.15%) SAP GTS
11 7 (0.15%) Shopify
12 6 (0.13%) Oracle Financials
Cloud Services
1 1,361 (28.73%) Azure
2 868 (18.32%) AWS
3 708 (14.95%) Power Platform
4 292 (6.16%) Azure DevOps
5 258 (5.45%) Azure Data Factory
6 238 (5.02%) Serverless
7 211 (4.45%) GCP
8 154 (3.25%) Azure Synapse Analytics
9 145 (3.06%) Snowflake
10 142 (3.00%) AWS Lambda
11 128 (2.70%) GitHub
12 119 (2.51%) Amazon S3
13 113 (2.39%) SaaS
14 111 (2.34%) Azure Functions
15 107 (2.26%) Microsoft 365
16 104 (2.20%) Dynamics 365
17 102 (2.15%) Azure Cosmos DB
18 92 (1.94%) PaaS
19 79 (1.67%) Entra ID
20 77 (1.63%) PowerApps
Communications & Networking
1 104 (2.20%) Firewall
2 63 (1.33%) DNS
3 55 (1.16%) VPN
4 46 (0.97%) TCP/IP
5 34 (0.72%) DHCP
6 31 (0.65%) HTTP
6 31 (0.65%) SAN
6 31 (0.65%) Wi-Fi
7 27 (0.57%) Multicast
8 24 (0.51%) SSL
8 24 (0.51%) WAN
9 23 (0.49%) Internet
10 21 (0.44%) Network Security
11 20 (0.42%) Broadband
11 20 (0.42%) MPLS
12 18 (0.38%) BGP
13 16 (0.34%) IPsec
13 16 (0.34%) LAN
13 16 (0.34%) Skype
14 14 (0.30%) iSCSI
Database & Business Intelligence
1 878 (18.53%) SQL Server
2 677 (14.29%) Power BI
3 518 (10.94%) Data Warehouse
4 334 (7.05%) PostgreSQL
5 288 (6.08%) Azure SQL Database
6 263 (5.55%) Relational Database
7 259 (5.47%) Data Lake
8 248 (5.24%) Oracle Database
9 240 (5.07%) NoSQL
10 238 (5.02%) Tableau
11 233 (4.92%) SQL Server Integration Services
12 222 (4.69%) Big Data
13 158 (3.34%) SQL Server Reporting Services
14 157 (3.31%) MySQL
15 129 (2.72%) MongoDB
16 112 (2.36%) Oracle Reports
17 95 (2.01%) Hadoop
18 83 (1.75%) RDBMS
19 80 (1.69%) Amazon RDS
20 76 (1.60%) SQL Server Analysis Services
Development Applications
1 345 (7.28%) Git
2 312 (6.59%) JIRA
3 173 (3.65%) Jenkins
4 87 (1.84%) TeamCity
5 76 (1.60%) Visual Studio
6 73 (1.54%) Cucumber
7 66 (1.39%) Postman
8 62 (1.31%) Selenium
9 53 (1.12%) GitLab
9 53 (1.12%) JUnit
10 45 (0.95%) Octopus Deploy
11 41 (0.87%) Subversion
12 40 (0.84%) Maven
13 36 (0.76%) Bitbucket
14 33 (0.70%) SQL Server Management Studio (SSMS)
14 33 (0.70%) Team Foundation Server
15 31 (0.65%) Cypress.io
15 31 (0.65%) Oracle APEX
16 29 (0.61%) Eclipse
17 28 (0.59%) Oracle Forms
General
1 1,148 (24.23%) Finance
2 1,051 (22.19%) Social Skills
3 583 (12.31%) Analytical Skills
4 518 (10.94%) Banking
5 311 (6.57%) Public Sector
6 244 (5.15%) Front Office
7 178 (3.76%) Investment Banking
8 133 (2.81%) Marketing
9 111 (2.34%) Presentation Skills
10 106 (2.24%) Retail
11 91 (1.92%) Back Office
12 87 (1.84%) Inclusion and Diversity
13 69 (1.46%) Financial Institution
14 60 (1.27%) Law
15 51 (1.08%) Telecoms
16 49 (1.03%) Manufacturing
17 47 (0.99%) Documentation Skills
17 47 (0.99%) Legal
18 37 (0.78%) Influencing Skills
18 37 (0.78%) Organisational Skills
Job Titles
1 1,437 (30.34%) Developer
2 749 (15.81%) Analyst
3 531 (11.21%) Data Engineer
4 474 (10.01%) Senior
5 294 (6.21%) Data Analyst
6 276 (5.83%) Architect
7 229 (4.83%) Lead
8 221 (4.67%) Business Analyst
9 219 (4.62%) C# Developer
10 208 (4.39%) .NET Developer
11 206 (4.35%) SQL Developer
12 186 (3.93%) Azure Engineer
13 170 (3.59%) DBA
13 170 (3.59%) Support Engineer
14 165 (3.48%) Applications Support
15 161 (3.40%) Senior Developer
16 152 (3.21%) Python Developer
17 147 (3.10%) Consultant
18 131 (2.77%) Full Stack Developer
19 128 (2.70%) Business Intelligence Developer
Libraries, Frameworks & Software Standards
1 700 (14.78%) .NET
2 302 (6.38%) HTML
3 270 (5.70%) REST
4 215 (4.54%) CSS
5 213 (4.50%) XML
6 205 (4.33%) React
7 188 (3.97%) JSON
8 172 (3.63%) .NET Framework
9 160 (3.38%) .NET Core
10 157 (3.31%) Web Services
11 155 (3.27%) AngularJS
11 155 (3.27%) Kafka
12 151 (3.19%) SOAP
13 141 (2.98%) PySpark
14 134 (2.83%) Node.js
15 129 (2.72%) ASP.NET
15 129 (2.72%) Spring
16 126 (2.66%) Pandas
17 124 (2.62%) RESTful
18 97 (2.05%) WPF
Miscellaneous
1 120 (2.53%) Product Ownership
2 111 (2.34%) Derivative
3 109 (2.30%) Data Structures
4 105 (2.22%) Data Protection Act
5 97 (2.05%) Cloud Native
6 96 (2.03%) Fixed Income
7 90 (1.90%) Algorithms
8 80 (1.69%) Greenfield Project
9 79 (1.67%) Equities
9 79 (1.67%) Foreign Exchange (FX)
10 78 (1.65%) Hedge funds
11 74 (1.56%) Management Information System
12 72 (1.52%) Legacy Systems
13 70 (1.48%) Self-Motivation
14 61 (1.29%) Market Risk
15 58 (1.22%) Onboarding
16 50 (1.06%) Enterprise Software
16 50 (1.06%) Public Cloud
17 48 (1.01%) Data Centre
18 44 (0.93%) Replication
Operating Systems
1 516 (10.89%) Windows
2 392 (8.28%) Linux
3 314 (6.63%) Unix
4 183 (3.86%) Windows Server
5 78 (1.65%) Red Hat Enterprise Linux
6 61 (1.29%) Windows Server 2012
7 49 (1.03%) Windows 10
8 43 (0.91%) Solaris
9 39 (0.82%) Windows Server 2016
10 35 (0.74%) VMS
11 33 (0.70%) Apple iOS
12 23 (0.49%) Windows 7
13 22 (0.46%) Android
14 21 (0.44%) Windows Server 2019
15 17 (0.36%) Windows Server 2008
16 15 (0.32%) CentOS
16 15 (0.32%) Ubuntu
17 10 (0.21%) OpenVMS
18 9 (0.19%) Debian
19 8 (0.17%) AIX
Processes & Methodologies
1 1,118 (23.60%) Agile
2 826 (17.44%) Business Intelligence
3 729 (15.39%) DevOps
4 719 (15.18%) Data Modelling
5 669 (14.12%) Analytics
6 613 (12.94%) ETL
7 592 (12.50%) Problem-Solving
8 536 (11.32%) Migration
9 500 (10.56%) CI/CD
10 392 (8.28%) Data Analysis
10 392 (8.28%) Visualisation
11 305 (6.44%) Software Engineering
12 302 (6.38%) Test Automation
13 286 (6.04%) Scrum
14 282 (5.95%) Data Engineering
15 280 (5.91%) Data Pipeline
16 278 (5.87%) Data Visualisation
17 246 (5.19%) Full Stack Development
18 245 (5.17%) Data Science
19 242 (5.11%) SDLC
Programming Languages
1 1,397 (29.49%) Python
2 685 (14.46%) C#
3 676 (14.27%) Java
4 526 (11.10%) JavaScript
5 428 (9.04%) PL/SQL
6 317 (6.69%) PowerShell
7 315 (6.65%) T-SQL
8 166 (3.50%) TypeScript
9 145 (3.06%) R
10 133 (2.81%) C++
11 121 (2.55%) Scala
12 108 (2.28%) Shell Script
13 100 (2.11%) VBA
14 95 (2.01%) Data Analysis Expressions
15 84 (1.77%) Perl
16 82 (1.73%) Bash
17 79 (1.67%) VB
18 75 (1.58%) Go
19 69 (1.46%) VB.NET
20 56 (1.18%) Ruby
Qualifications
1 481 (10.15%) Security Cleared
2 456 (9.63%) Degree
3 373 (7.87%) SC Cleared
4 146 (3.08%) Computer Science Degree
5 97 (2.05%) Master's Degree
6 84 (1.77%) DV Cleared
7 56 (1.18%) Azure Certification
8 44 (0.93%) BPSS Clearance
9 31 (0.65%) Microsoft Certification
10 22 (0.46%) PhD
11 19 (0.40%) AWS Certification
12 14 (0.30%) ISTQB
13 13 (0.27%) ITIL Certification
14 12 (0.25%) MCSE
14 12 (0.25%) VMware Certified Professional (VCP)
15 11 (0.23%) ISEB
16 10 (0.21%) CISSP
17 9 (0.19%) CTC Cleared
17 9 (0.19%) MCSA
18 8 (0.17%) ISTQB Foundation Certification
Quality Assurance & Compliance
1 341 (7.20%) Data Quality
2 225 (4.75%) QA
3 61 (1.29%) SLA
4 48 (1.01%) EMIR
5 40 (0.84%) Accessibility
6 38 (0.80%) MiFID
7 35 (0.74%) GDPR
8 15 (0.32%) Disclosure Scotland
8 15 (0.32%) GRC
8 15 (0.32%) ISO/IEC 27001
9 12 (0.25%) Actionable Recommendations
9 12 (0.25%) HL7
9 12 (0.25%) IFRS
10 11 (0.23%) Dodd-Frank
11 8 (0.17%) IFRS 9
11 8 (0.17%) Sarbanes-Oxley
12 7 (0.15%) California Consumer Privacy Act
13 6 (0.13%) Software Quality Assurance
14 5 (0.11%) Cyber Essentials
14 5 (0.11%) Cyber Essentials PLUS
System Software
1 261 (5.51%) Docker
2 227 (4.79%) Active Directory
3 88 (1.86%) VMware Infrastructure
4 62 (1.31%) Virtual Machines
5 38 (0.80%) Hyper-V
6 35 (0.74%) IAG
7 32 (0.68%) RACF
8 30 (0.63%) ACF2
9 17 (0.36%) VMware ESXi
10 16 (0.34%) NFS
11 12 (0.25%) vSphere
12 11 (0.23%) VMware NSX
13 8 (0.17%) Oracle RAC
14 7 (0.15%) GPFS
14 7 (0.15%) Virtual Servers
15 5 (0.11%) Virtual Desktop
16 4 (0.084%) XenApp
17 3 (0.063%) Apache ZooKeeper
17 3 (0.063%) HDFS
17 3 (0.063%) Microsoft Virtual Server
Systems Management
1 267 (5.64%) Kubernetes
2 163 (3.44%) Terraform
3 129 (2.72%) Ansible
4 64 (1.35%) ITRS Geneos
5 49 (1.03%) Grafana
6 44 (0.93%) SCCM
7 32 (0.68%) BladeLogic
8 28 (0.59%) Prometheus
9 26 (0.55%) Kibana
10 21 (0.44%) Microsoft Intune
11 19 (0.40%) Active Directory Federation Services
11 19 (0.40%) Microsoft Clustering
11 19 (0.40%) SCOM
12 18 (0.38%) Puppet
13 17 (0.36%) Control-M
14 16 (0.34%) Progress Chef
15 15 (0.32%) Nagios
15 15 (0.32%) NetBackup
15 15 (0.32%) Single Sign-On
16 12 (0.25%) Avamar
Vendors
1 922 (19.46%) Oracle
2 800 (16.89%) Microsoft
3 287 (6.06%) Databricks
4 179 (3.78%) SAP
5 128 (2.70%) VMware
6 127 (2.68%) Google
7 122 (2.58%) IBM
8 121 (2.55%) Salesforce
9 94 (1.98%) Red Hat
10 80 (1.69%) ServiceNow
11 77 (1.63%) Informatica
12 71 (1.50%) Sybase
13 67 (1.41%) MuleSoft
14 66 (1.39%) Splunk
15 62 (1.31%) TIBCO
16 60 (1.27%) Citrix
17 52 (1.10%) Bloomberg
18 46 (0.97%) ION Trading
19 45 (0.95%) Cisco
20 38 (0.80%) Murex