CSS Contract Job Trends in England

CSS (Cascading Style Sheets)
UK > England

The table below provides summary statistics and contractor rates for jobs advertised in England requiring CSS skills. It covers contract job vacancies from the 6 months leading up to 16 November 2025, with comparisons to the same periods in the previous two years.

6 months to
16 Nov 2025
Same period 2024 Same period 2023
Rank 164 100 117
Rank change year-on-year -64 +17 -52
Contract jobs citing CSS 535 754 867
As % of all contract jobs in England 1.78% 2.42% 2.16%
As % of the Libraries, Frameworks & Software Standards category 7.79% 11.18% 9.81%
Number of daily rates quoted 350 471 640
10th Percentile £251 £250 £300
25th Percentile £355 £358 £400
Median daily rate (50th Percentile) £448 £475 £500
Median % change year-on-year -5.79% -5.00% -9.09%
75th Percentile £544 £600 £598
90th Percentile £638 £675 £703
UK median daily rate £450 £470 £488
% change year-on-year -4.26% -3.59% -7.14%
Number of hourly rates quoted 30 16 19
10th Percentile £30.43 £40.63 £25.59
25th Percentile £34.05 £60.53 £38.63
Median hourly rate £50.00 £66.25 £57.50
Median % change year-on-year -24.53% +15.22% -8.00%
75th Percentile £51.62 £70.00 £67.50
90th Percentile £67.00 - £70.73
UK median hourly rate £50.00 £66.25 £58.75
% change year-on-year -24.53% +12.77% -6.00%

All Software Libraries and Frameworks
England

CSS falls under the Software Libraries and Frameworks category. For comparison with the information above, the following table provides summary statistics for all contract job vacancies requiring technical specification, industry standards, software libraries and framework skills in England.

Contract vacancies with a requirement for technical specification, industry standards, software libraries and framework skills 6,864 6,746 8,836
As % of all contract IT jobs advertised in England 22.84% 21.67% 22.06%
Number of daily rates quoted 4,631 4,305 6,457
10th Percentile £350 £356 £375
25th Percentile £413 £435 £450
Median daily rate (50th Percentile) £510 £550 £550
Median % change year-on-year -7.27% - -4.56%
75th Percentile £635 £666 £675
90th Percentile £738 £800 £775
UK median daily rate £503 £550 £550
% change year-on-year -8.64% - -4.35%
Number of hourly rates quoted 180 100 182
10th Percentile £31.20 £26.25 £36.31
25th Percentile £43.00 £42.19 £46.18
Median hourly rate £55.50 £65.00 £55.00
Median % change year-on-year -14.62% +18.18% -15.38%
75th Percentile £65.00 £70.00 £70.00
90th Percentile £76.35 £74.00 £78.00
UK median hourly rate £55.00 £62.50 £55.00
% change year-on-year -12.00% +13.64% -12.47%

CSS
Job Vacancy Trend in England

Historical trend showing the proportion of contract IT job postings citing CSS relative to all contract IT jobs advertised in England.

CSS job vacancy trend in England

CSS
Daily Rate Trend in England

Contractor daily rate distribution trend for jobs in England citing CSS.

Contractor daily rate distribution trend for jobs in England citing CSS

CSS
Daily Rate Histogram in England

Daily rate distribution for jobs citing CSS in England over the 6 months to 16 November 2025.

Daily rate histogram for CSS in England

CSS
Hourly Rate Trend in England

Contractor hourly rate distribution trend for jobs in England citing CSS.

Contractor hourly rate distribution trend for jobs in England citing CSS

CSS
Hourly Rate Histogram in England

Hourly rate distribution of jobs citing CSS in England over the 6 months to 16 November 2025.

Hourly rate histogram for CSS in England

CSS
Contract Job Locations in England

The table below looks at the demand and provides a guide to the median contractor rates quoted in IT jobs citing CSS within the England region over the 6 months to 16 November 2025. The 'Rank Change' column provides an indication of the change in demand within each location based on the same 6 month period last year.

Location Rank Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Matching
Contract
IT Job Ads
Median
Daily Rate
Past 6 Months
Median Daily Rate
% Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Live
Jobs
London -57 284 £475 -5.00% 394
North of England -34 73 £400 -20.08% 213
South East -35 65 £208 -48.70% 262
Midlands -32 47 £410 -13.68% 147
North West -18 40 £380 -19.15% 132
Yorkshire -40 31 £494 -10.23% 61
West Midlands -32 25 £419 -20.24% 94
South West +7 23 £413 +17.02% 87
East Midlands +1 21 £405 +13.76% 53
East of England -28 17 £475 +31.03% 99
North East -15 3 - - 23
CSS
UK

CSS
Co-Occurring Skills & Capabilities in England by Category

The following tables expand on the one above by listing co-occurrences grouped by category. They cover the same employment type, locality and period, with up to 20 co-occurrences shown in each category:

Application Platforms
1 23 (4.30%) Confluence
2 19 (3.55%) CMS
2 19 (3.55%) SharePoint
3 10 (1.87%) Adobe Experience Manager
4 6 (1.12%) Headless CMS
4 6 (1.12%) Sitecore CMS
4 6 (1.12%) Tomcat
5 5 (0.93%) Apache
5 5 (0.93%) SugarCRM
5 5 (0.93%) Umbraco
6 4 (0.75%) SharePoint Server
7 3 (0.56%) Apache Spark
7 3 (0.56%) nginx
7 3 (0.56%) WordPress
8 2 (0.37%) Appian
8 2 (0.37%) Drupal
8 2 (0.37%) Oracle Workflow
9 1 (0.19%) IIS
9 1 (0.19%) JBoss
9 1 (0.19%) SAS
Applications
1 14 (2.62%) Maya
2 11 (2.06%) Adobe XD
2 11 (2.06%) Sketch
3 9 (1.68%) NUKE
4 8 (1.50%) Microsoft Office
5 5 (0.93%) Adobe Captivate
5 5 (0.93%) Microsoft Excel
6 3 (0.56%) Microsoft PowerPoint
6 3 (0.56%) MS Visio
7 2 (0.37%) Adobe After Effects
7 2 (0.37%) Adobe Illustrator
7 2 (0.37%) InDesign
7 2 (0.37%) InVision
7 2 (0.37%) Photoshop
8 1 (0.19%) Adobe Creative Suite
8 1 (0.19%) CINEMA 4D
8 1 (0.19%) Moqups
8 1 (0.19%) Spreadsheet
8 1 (0.19%) Trello
8 1 (0.19%) UserZoom
Business Applications
1 7 (1.31%) Dynamics CRM
2 6 (1.12%) Payment Gateway
3 3 (0.56%) Shopify
4 2 (0.37%) Oracle ERP
4 2 (0.37%) Sprinklr
5 1 (0.19%) Maximo
5 1 (0.19%) Salesforce CRM
Cloud Services
1 131 (24.49%) Azure
2 106 (19.81%) AWS
3 60 (11.21%) GitHub
4 34 (6.36%) GCP
5 30 (5.61%) Power Platform
6 29 (5.42%) SaaS
7 28 (5.23%) GitHub Actions
8 27 (5.05%) Azure DevOps
8 27 (5.05%) Figma
8 27 (5.05%) npm
9 24 (4.49%) Serverless
10 20 (3.74%) Power Automate
10 20 (3.74%) PowerApps
11 18 (3.36%) Sauce Labs
12 14 (2.62%) Amazon S3
12 14 (2.62%) AWS Lambda
12 14 (2.62%) Dynamics 365
13 13 (2.43%) OpenShift
14 9 (1.68%) Google Analytics
15 8 (1.50%) Entra ID
Communications & Networking
1 18 (3.36%) Wireless
2 10 (1.87%) HTTP
3 5 (0.93%) DNS
4 3 (0.56%) Bluetooth
4 3 (0.56%) Firewall
4 3 (0.56%) Internet
4 3 (0.56%) Intranet
5 1 (0.19%) Cisco Nexus
5 1 (0.19%) DKIM
5 1 (0.19%) POP3
5 1 (0.19%) SMTP
5 1 (0.19%) VoIP
Database & Business Intelligence
1 61 (11.40%) Relational Database
1 61 (11.40%) SQL Server
2 57 (10.65%) MySQL
2 57 (10.65%) PostgreSQL
3 31 (5.79%) NoSQL
4 24 (4.49%) MongoDB
5 21 (3.93%) Redis
6 15 (2.80%) Power BI
7 11 (2.06%) Oracle Database
8 9 (1.68%) Amazon RDS
9 8 (1.50%) MariaDB
10 6 (1.12%) Data Warehouse
11 5 (0.93%) DB2
11 5 (0.93%) Elasticsearch
12 4 (0.75%) Apache Cassandra
12 4 (0.75%) Spark SQL
12 4 (0.75%) Tableau
13 3 (0.56%) Apache Hive
13 3 (0.56%) Azure SQL Database
13 3 (0.56%) Hadoop
Development Applications
1 172 (32.15%) Git
2 59 (11.03%) JIRA
3 46 (8.60%) Jenkins
4 33 (6.17%) Browser DevTools
4 33 (6.17%) webpack
5 31 (5.79%) GitLab
6 30 (5.61%) Xcode
7 28 (5.23%) Cypress.io
8 26 (4.86%) Eclipse
9 23 (4.30%) SonarQube
10 22 (4.11%) JUnit
11 20 (3.74%) Bitbucket
11 20 (3.74%) Maven
12 18 (3.36%) Android Studio
13 17 (3.18%) Mockito
14 15 (2.80%) Cucumber
14 15 (2.80%) Mocha
14 15 (2.80%) Selenium
15 13 (2.43%) Postman
15 13 (2.43%) Visual Studio
General
1 180 (33.64%) Social Skills
2 91 (17.01%) Finance
3 60 (11.21%) Analytical Skills
4 55 (10.28%) Banking
5 52 (9.72%) Public Sector
6 29 (5.42%) Marketing
7 16 (2.99%) Automotive
7 16 (2.99%) Games
8 11 (2.06%) Retail
9 10 (1.87%) Manufacturing
9 10 (1.87%) Military
10 9 (1.68%) Investment Banking
10 9 (1.68%) Legal
10 9 (1.68%) Presentation Skills
11 8 (1.50%) Documentation Skills
12 6 (1.12%) Aerospace
12 6 (1.12%) Inclusion and Diversity
12 6 (1.12%) Telecoms
13 5 (0.93%) Financial Institution
13 5 (0.93%) Front Office
Job Titles
1 312 (58.32%) Developer
2 79 (14.77%) Full-Stack Developer
3 58 (10.84%) Senior
4 42 (7.85%) Front-End Developer (Client-Side Developer)
5 33 (6.17%) React Developer
6 32 (5.98%) Lead
7 31 (5.79%) Front-End Engineer (Client-Side Engineer)
8 30 (5.61%) Senior Developer
9 29 (5.42%) Support Engineer
9 29 (5.42%) Technical Engineer
9 29 (5.42%) Technical Support
9 29 (5.42%) Technical Support Engineer
10 27 (5.05%) Java Developer
11 25 (4.67%) Angular Developer
12 22 (4.11%) Designer
12 22 (4.11%) Full-Stack Engineer
13 21 (3.93%) Software Engineer
13 21 (3.93%) UX Engineer
14 19 (3.55%) UI Developer
15 17 (3.18%) Consultant
Libraries, Frameworks & Software Standards
1 476 (88.97%) HTML
2 227 (42.43%) React
3 147 (27.48%) AngularJS
4 113 (21.12%) HTML5
5 109 (20.37%) REST
6 91 (17.01%) RESTful
7 90 (16.82%) Node.js
8 83 (15.51%) .NET
9 78 (14.58%) CSS3
10 66 (12.34%) Jest
11 56 (10.47%) Vue
12 51 (9.53%) jQuery
13 50 (9.35%) Spring
14 46 (8.60%) Bootstrap
15 45 (8.41%) JSON
15 45 (8.41%) Sass
16 44 (8.22%) Redux
17 37 (6.92%) .NET Framework
17 37 (6.92%) Spring Boot
18 36 (6.73%) Web Services
Miscellaneous
1 62 (11.59%) Mobile App
2 29 (5.42%) Product Ownership
3 23 (4.30%) Data Structures
4 21 (3.93%) Management Information System
5 19 (3.55%) Cloud Native
6 17 (3.18%) Algorithms
6 17 (3.18%) Distributed Systems
7 15 (2.80%) Animation
8 11 (2.06%) Greenfield Project
9 10 (1.87%) Low-Code
10 9 (1.68%) Foreign Exchange (FX)
11 8 (1.50%) Reinsurance
11 8 (1.50%) Virtual Team
12 7 (1.31%) Data Protection Act
12 7 (1.31%) Derivative
12 7 (1.31%) Enterprise Software
12 7 (1.31%) Marketing Technology
12 7 (1.31%) Mobile Banking
12 7 (1.31%) Onboarding
13 6 (1.12%) CMDB
Operating Systems
1 40 (7.48%) Android
2 36 (6.73%) Linux
3 31 (5.79%) Unix
4 22 (4.11%) Windows
5 20 (3.74%) Apple iOS
6 4 (0.75%) Mac OS
7 3 (0.56%) CentOS
7 3 (0.56%) Windows Server
8 2 (0.37%) Red Hat Enterprise Linux
Processes & Methodologies
1 240 (44.86%) Agile
2 165 (30.84%) CI/CD
3 149 (27.85%) User Experience
4 126 (23.55%) Full-Stack Development
4 126 (23.55%) Problem-Solving
5 119 (22.24%) Front End Development
6 98 (18.32%) DevOps
7 79 (14.77%) Microservices
8 67 (12.52%) UX Design
9 65 (12.15%) Scrum
9 65 (12.15%) TDD
10 62 (11.59%) Test Automation
11 54 (10.09%) Code Quality
12 52 (9.72%) MVC
12 52 (9.72%) Unit Testing
13 51 (9.53%) Computer Science
14 50 (9.35%) OO
15 48 (8.97%) SDLC
16 47 (8.79%) Containerisation
17 45 (8.41%) Software Engineering
Programming Languages
1 417 (77.94%) JavaScript
2 154 (28.79%) SQL
3 152 (28.41%) Java
4 138 (25.79%) TypeScript
5 107 (20.00%) Python
6 76 (14.21%) C#
7 37 (6.92%) C++
8 24 (4.49%) Perl
9 22 (4.11%) PHP
10 20 (3.74%) Ruby
11 14 (2.62%) Kotlin
12 13 (2.43%) PowerShell
13 12 (2.24%) C
14 11 (2.06%) PL/SQL
15 10 (1.87%) ABAP
16 9 (1.68%) Shell Script
16 9 (1.68%) Tcl
17 8 (1.50%) Groovy
18 7 (1.31%) Objective-C
18 7 (1.31%) Scala
Qualifications
1 90 (16.82%) Security Cleared
2 63 (11.78%) SC Cleared
3 49 (9.16%) Degree
4 30 (5.61%) Computer Science Degree
5 10 (1.87%) BPSS Clearance
6 5 (0.93%) Azure Certification
6 5 (0.93%) DBS Check
6 5 (0.93%) DV Cleared
7 3 (0.56%) CCNA
7 3 (0.56%) Cisco Certification
7 3 (0.56%) ITIL Certification
7 3 (0.56%) Network+ Certification
8 2 (0.37%) AWS Certification
8 2 (0.37%) Master's Degree
9 1 (0.19%) Numerate Degree
Quality Assurance & Compliance
1 89 (16.64%) Accessibility
2 42 (7.85%) QA
3 36 (6.73%) WCAG
4 9 (1.68%) Data Quality
5 4 (0.75%) GDPR
6 2 (0.37%) California Consumer Privacy Act
6 2 (0.37%) ISO/IEC 27001
7 1 (0.19%) HMG Security Policy Framework
7 1 (0.19%) SLA
7 1 (0.19%) Software Quality Assurance
System Software
1 77 (14.39%) Docker
2 9 (1.68%) Active Directory
3 2 (0.37%) Virtual Machines
Systems Management
1 55 (10.28%) Kubernetes
2 11 (2.06%) Argo
3 10 (1.87%) Single Sign-On
3 10 (1.87%) Terraform
4 5 (0.93%) Grafana
5 1 (0.19%) Active Directory Federation Services
5 1 (0.19%) Ansible
5 1 (0.19%) Control-M
5 1 (0.19%) Kibana
5 1 (0.19%) logstash
Vendors
1 83 (15.51%) Microsoft
2 71 (13.27%) Oracle
3 35 (6.54%) ServiceNow
4 31 (5.79%) Google
5 29 (5.42%) Adobe
6 23 (4.30%) Splunk
7 18 (3.36%) SAP
8 16 (2.99%) Red Hat
9 14 (2.62%) Salesforce
10 8 (1.50%) GoldenSource
11 7 (1.31%) Amplitude
12 6 (1.12%) Atlassian
12 6 (1.12%) CA Agile Central
12 6 (1.12%) Dynatrace
12 6 (1.12%) Perforce
12 6 (1.12%) Sitecore
12 6 (1.12%) Veracode
13 5 (0.93%) Autodesk
13 5 (0.93%) Nintex
13 5 (0.93%) OutSystems