CSS Contracts in England

CSS (Cascading Style Sheets)
UK > England

The table below provides summary statistics for contract job vacancies advertised in England requiring CSS skills. It includes a benchmarking guide to the contractor rates offered in vacancies that cited CSS over the 6 months leading up to 30 April 2025, comparing them to the same period in the previous two years.

6 months to
30 Apr 2025
Same period 2024 Same period 2023
Rank 119 116 93
Rank change year-on-year -3 -23 -31
Contract jobs citing CSS 552 731 1,286
As % of all contract jobs advertised in England 2.27% 1.96% 2.55%
As % of the Libraries, Frameworks & Software Standards category 10.12% 9.71% 11.01%
Number of daily rates quoted 376 523 930
10th Percentile £335 £301 £319
25th Percentile £400 £400 £413
Median daily rate (50th Percentile) £480 £500 £500
Median % change year-on-year -4.00% - -4.76%
75th Percentile £588 £600 £625
90th Percentile £716 £725 £716
UK median daily rate £475 £499 £500
% change year-on-year -4.76% -0.25% -4.76%
Number of hourly rates quoted 23 20 16
10th Percentile £26.25 £28.28 £21.00
25th Percentile £33.25 £37.63 £24.50
Median hourly rate £43.00 £55.00 £58.75
Median % change year-on-year -21.82% -6.38% +6.33%
75th Percentile £60.81 £64.06 £77.50
90th Percentile £63.50 £70.50 £86.25
UK median hourly rate £42.91 £50.00 £58.75
% change year-on-year -14.19% -14.89% +6.82%

All Software Libraries and Frameworks
England

CSS falls under the Software Libraries and Frameworks category. For comparison with the information above, the following table provides summary statistics for all contract job vacancies requiring technical specification, industry standards, software libraries and framework skills in England.

Contract vacancies with a requirement for technical specification, industry standards, software libraries and framework skills 5,452 7,525 11,677
As % of all contract IT jobs advertised in England 22.40% 20.22% 23.14%
Number of daily rates quoted 3,783 5,351 8,632
10th Percentile £370 £350 £400
25th Percentile £425 £430 £463
Median daily rate (50th Percentile) £530 £550 £563
Median % change year-on-year -3.64% -2.22% -
75th Percentile £669 £675 £688
90th Percentile £800 £775 £798
UK median daily rate £525 £530 £550
% change year-on-year -0.94% -3.64% -
Number of hourly rates quoted 100 216 138
10th Percentile £30.13 £22.12 £28.73
25th Percentile £51.25 £42.81 £48.88
Median hourly rate £65.00 £46.18 £65.00
Median % change year-on-year +40.75% -28.95% +32.65%
75th Percentile £68.19 £65.00 £75.00
90th Percentile £82.19 £75.00 £80.08
UK median hourly rate £65.00 £46.18 £65.00
% change year-on-year +40.75% -28.95% +32.65%

CSS
Job Vacancy Trend in England

Job postings citing CSS as a proportion of all IT jobs advertised in England.

Job vacancy trend for CSS in England

CSS
Contractor Daily Rate Trend in England

3-month moving average daily rate quoted in jobs citing CSS in England.

Daily rate trend for CSS in England

CSS
Daily Rate Histogram in England

Daily rate distribution for jobs citing CSS in England over the 6 months to 30 April 2025.

Daily rate histogram for CSS in England

CSS
Contractor Hourly Rate Trend in England

3-month moving average hourly rates quoted in jobs citing CSS in England.

Hourly rate trend for CSS in England

CSS
Hourly Rate Histogram in England

Hourly rate distribution of jobs citing CSS in England over the 6 months to 30 April 2025.

Hourly rate histogram for CSS in England

CSS
Contract Job Locations in England

The table below looks at the demand and provides a guide to the median contractor rates quoted in IT jobs citing CSS within the England region over the 6 months to 30 April 2025. The 'Rank Change' column provides an indication of the change in demand within each location based on the same 6 month period last year.

Location Rank Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Matching
Contract
IT Job Ads
Median
Daily Rate
Past 6 Months
Median Daily Rate
% Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Live
Jobs
London -25 293 £525 - 353
North of England +32 70 £400 -5.33% 215
South East +22 67 £500 +29.03% 128
Midlands +29 42 £407 -4.18% 110
North West +10 42 £400 -5.88% 145
South West +48 41 £375 -28.23% 63
West Midlands +28 31 £443 -11.50% 69
North East +15 17 £380 -16.07% 16
Yorkshire +8 14 £470 +15.34% 56
East of England +15 13 £450 -5.26% 71
East Midlands +3 10 £326 +44.89% 38
CSS
UK

CSS
Co-occurring Skills and Capabilities in England by Category

The follow tables expand on the table above by listing co-occurrences grouped by category. The same employment type, locality and period is covered with up to 20 co-occurrences shown in each of the following categories:

Application Platforms
1 31 (5.62%) SharePoint
2 27 (4.89%) Confluence
3 22 (3.99%) CMS
4 12 (2.17%) Apache
5 10 (1.81%) WordPress
6 9 (1.63%) nginx
7 6 (1.09%) Drupal
8 4 (0.72%) Adobe Experience Manager
8 4 (0.72%) Headless CMS
9 3 (0.54%) Tomcat
9 3 (0.54%) Umbraco
10 2 (0.36%) Apache Spark
11 1 (0.18%) Camunda
11 1 (0.18%) ColdFusion
11 1 (0.18%) govService
11 1 (0.18%) JBoss
11 1 (0.18%) Magnolia
11 1 (0.18%) Microsoft Exchange
11 1 (0.18%) OpenEdge
11 1 (0.18%) WebSphere
Applications
1 14 (2.54%) Adobe XD
2 13 (2.36%) Sketch
3 10 (1.81%) Microsoft Office
4 9 (1.63%) Microsoft Excel
5 6 (1.09%) InfoPath
5 6 (1.09%) Microsoft PowerPoint
6 5 (0.91%) Adobe Creative Suite
6 5 (0.91%) Adobe Illustrator
6 5 (0.91%) MS Visio
6 5 (0.91%) Photoshop
6 5 (0.91%) Trello
7 3 (0.54%) InDesign
7 3 (0.54%) InVision
7 3 (0.54%) Maya
7 3 (0.54%) NUKE
8 2 (0.36%) UserZoom
9 1 (0.18%) Adobe After Effects
9 1 (0.18%) Chatbot
9 1 (0.18%) Microsoft Project
9 1 (0.18%) UXPin
Business Applications
1 24 (4.35%) Dynamics CRM
2 5 (0.91%) Shopify
3 2 (0.36%) Magento
3 2 (0.36%) NetSuite
4 1 (0.18%) FastStats
Cloud Services
1 115 (20.83%) Azure
2 92 (16.67%) AWS
3 49 (8.88%) Power Platform
4 44 (7.97%) Power Automate
5 42 (7.61%) PowerApps
6 32 (5.80%) Figma
7 31 (5.62%) Azure DevOps
8 27 (4.89%) SaaS
9 26 (4.71%) GCP
9 26 (4.71%) GitHub
9 26 (4.71%) Microsoft 365
9 26 (4.71%) Serverless
10 23 (4.17%) Dynamics 365
11 22 (3.99%) npm
12 16 (2.90%) Yarn
13 14 (2.54%) Azure Logic Apps
14 13 (2.36%) Azure Functions
15 12 (2.17%) Amazon S3
16 11 (1.99%) Amazon SQS
17 10 (1.81%) PaaS
Communications & Networking
1 32 (5.80%) HTTP
2 9 (1.63%) SNMP
2 9 (1.63%) Software-Defined Radio
3 8 (1.45%) POP3
3 8 (1.45%) SMTP
4 7 (1.27%) DNS
5 5 (0.91%) Internet
6 4 (0.72%) SSL
7 3 (0.54%) SMS
8 2 (0.36%) Firewall
Database & Business Intelligence
1 47 (8.51%) SQL Server
2 46 (8.33%) PostgreSQL
3 25 (4.53%) MongoDB
3 25 (4.53%) MySQL
4 21 (3.80%) NoSQL
4 21 (3.80%) Relational Database
5 15 (2.72%) Power BI
6 12 (2.17%) Redis
6 12 (2.17%) SQL Server Reporting Services
7 10 (1.81%) DynamoDB
8 5 (0.91%) Azure SQL Database
8 5 (0.91%) Oracle Database
8 5 (0.91%) RDBMS
9 4 (0.72%) Big Data
9 4 (0.72%) Tableau
10 3 (0.54%) Elasticsearch
11 2 (0.36%) ClickHouse
11 2 (0.36%) MariaDB
11 2 (0.36%) Power Query
11 2 (0.36%) SQL Server Integration Services
Development Applications
1 156 (28.26%) Git
2 44 (7.97%) JIRA
3 31 (5.62%) Jenkins
3 31 (5.62%) webpack
4 30 (5.43%) Bitbucket
5 16 (2.90%) TeamCity
6 15 (2.72%) Visual Studio Code
7 14 (2.54%) Selenium
7 14 (2.54%) SonarQube
8 13 (2.36%) Cypress.io
8 13 (2.36%) Maven
8 13 (2.36%) Mocha
8 13 (2.36%) Subversion
9 10 (1.81%) Babel
9 10 (1.81%) GitLab
9 10 (1.81%) Postman
10 9 (1.63%) GoogleTest
10 9 (1.63%) Robot Framework
10 9 (1.63%) Visual Studio
11 8 (1.45%) Jasmine
General
1 155 (28.08%) Social Skills
2 83 (15.04%) Finance
3 66 (11.96%) Analytical Skills
4 57 (10.33%) Public Sector
5 53 (9.60%) Banking
6 42 (7.61%) Marketing
7 27 (4.89%) Investment Banking
8 21 (3.80%) Telecoms
9 15 (2.72%) Legal
9 15 (2.72%) Manufacturing
10 12 (2.17%) Presentation Skills
11 11 (1.99%) Electronics
12 10 (1.81%) Front Office
12 10 (1.81%) Retail
13 9 (1.63%) Military
14 7 (1.27%) Inclusion and Diversity
14 7 (1.27%) Law
14 7 (1.27%) Organisational Skills
15 5 (0.91%) Documentation Skills
15 5 (0.91%) Games
Job Titles
1 356 (64.49%) Developer
2 85 (15.40%) Senior
3 61 (11.05%) Full-Stack Developer
4 60 (10.87%) Front-End Developer (Client-Side Developer)
5 58 (10.51%) Senior Developer
6 42 (7.61%) Architect
7 35 (6.34%) Software Developer
8 32 (5.80%) React Developer
9 30 (5.43%) Lead
10 28 (5.07%) Software Engineer
11 27 (4.89%) UI Developer
12 23 (4.17%) C# Developer
13 22 (3.99%) Java Developer
14 21 (3.80%) Designer
14 21 (3.80%) Solutions Architect
15 20 (3.62%) .NET Developer
15 20 (3.62%) Angular Developer
15 20 (3.62%) ServiceNow Developer
16 19 (3.44%) JavaScript Developer
16 19 (3.44%) Senior UI Developer
Libraries, Frameworks & Software Standards
1 495 (89.67%) HTML
2 170 (30.80%) React
3 123 (22.28%) .NET
4 117 (21.20%) AngularJS
5 103 (18.66%) Node.js
6 102 (18.48%) HTML5
7 84 (15.22%) RESTful
8 63 (11.41%) Web Services
9 62 (11.23%) jQuery
10 57 (10.33%) CSS3
11 52 (9.42%) REST
12 49 (8.88%) Sass
13 37 (6.70%) ASP.NET
14 34 (6.16%) JSON
14 34 (6.16%) Vue
15 33 (5.98%) .NET Framework
16 32 (5.80%) Jest
17 30 (5.43%) Redux
18 29 (5.25%) Bootstrap
18 29 (5.25%) Tailwind CSS
Miscellaneous
1 27 (4.89%) Product Ownership
2 23 (4.17%) Foreign Exchange (FX)
3 19 (3.44%) Management Information System
4 14 (2.54%) Derivative
5 13 (2.36%) Enterprise Software
6 12 (2.17%) Data Structures
7 11 (1.99%) Mobile App
8 10 (1.81%) Low-Code
8 10 (1.81%) Self-Motivation
9 9 (1.63%) Algorithms
9 9 (1.63%) CMDB
10 8 (1.45%) Public Cloud
11 7 (1.27%) Greenfield Project
12 5 (0.91%) Animation
12 5 (0.91%) Cyber Defence
12 5 (0.91%) Cyber Kill Chain
12 5 (0.91%) Enterprise Cloud
12 5 (0.91%) Onboarding
12 5 (0.91%) Private Cloud
13 4 (0.72%) Data Protection Act
Operating Systems
1 29 (5.25%) Linux
2 14 (2.54%) Unix
2 14 (2.54%) Windows
3 6 (1.09%) Android
4 5 (0.91%) Apple iOS
4 5 (0.91%) Mac OS X
5 3 (0.54%) CentOS
5 3 (0.54%) Red Hat Enterprise Linux
5 3 (0.54%) Windows Server
6 1 (0.18%) Mac OS
Processes & Methodologies
1 226 (40.94%) Agile
2 130 (23.55%) User Experience
3 128 (23.19%) Problem-Solving
4 114 (20.65%) CI/CD
5 112 (20.29%) Front End Development
6 111 (20.11%) Full-Stack Development
7 105 (19.02%) Web Development
8 84 (15.22%) DevOps
9 72 (13.04%) Software Engineering
10 70 (12.68%) Test Automation
11 69 (12.50%) Scrum
12 61 (11.05%) UX Design
13 57 (10.33%) Computer Science
14 53 (9.60%) Microservices
14 53 (9.60%) TDD
15 43 (7.79%) OO
16 39 (7.07%) MVC
16 39 (7.07%) Responsive Web Design
17 38 (6.88%) Code Quality
17 38 (6.88%) Design Patterns
Programming Languages
1 447 (80.98%) JavaScript
2 144 (26.09%) TypeScript
3 125 (22.64%) SQL
4 120 (21.74%) C#
5 95 (17.21%) Java
6 76 (13.77%) Python
7 37 (6.70%) PHP
8 20 (3.62%) PowerShell
9 18 (3.26%) C++
10 14 (2.54%) Ruby
11 11 (1.99%) T-SQL
12 8 (1.45%) Apex Code
12 8 (1.45%) Kotlin
13 6 (1.09%) COBOL
14 5 (0.91%) ABAP
14 5 (0.91%) Bash
14 5 (0.91%) Scala
15 4 (0.72%) Formula Language
15 4 (0.72%) VBA
16 3 (0.54%) PL/SQL
Qualifications
1 83 (15.04%) Security Cleared
2 68 (12.32%) Degree
3 60 (10.87%) SC Cleared
4 35 (6.34%) Computer Science Degree
5 11 (1.99%) Azure Certification
6 10 (1.81%) BPSS Clearance
7 5 (0.91%) CCSAS
7 5 (0.91%) CEH
7 5 (0.91%) CREST Certified
7 5 (0.91%) DV Cleared
7 5 (0.91%) GIAC
7 5 (0.91%) GPEN
7 5 (0.91%) GWAPT
7 5 (0.91%) OSCP
8 4 (0.72%) ITIL Foundation Certificate
9 3 (0.54%) AWS Certification
9 3 (0.54%) DBS Check
9 3 (0.54%) ITIL Certification
9 3 (0.54%) Master's Degree
10 1 (0.18%) PMP
Quality Assurance & Compliance
1 66 (11.96%) Accessibility
2 27 (4.89%) QA
3 26 (4.71%) WCAG
4 4 (0.72%) GDPR
5 3 (0.54%) California Consumer Privacy Act
6 2 (0.36%) Actionable Recommendations
6 2 (0.36%) Government Security Classifications
6 2 (0.36%) ISO/IEC 20000
6 2 (0.36%) SLA
6 2 (0.36%) WAI
7 1 (0.18%) Data Quality
7 1 (0.18%) PERC
System Software
1 39 (7.07%) Docker
2 13 (2.36%) Active Directory
3 4 (0.72%) Firmware
4 3 (0.54%) vCloud
4 3 (0.54%) VMware Infrastructure
4 3 (0.54%) VMware Workstation
4 3 (0.54%) vSphere
5 2 (0.36%) Virtual Machines
Systems Management
1 30 (5.43%) Kubernetes
2 12 (2.17%) Single Sign-On
3 9 (1.63%) Terraform
4 3 (0.54%) Kibana
4 3 (0.54%) Progress Chef
4 3 (0.54%) Puppet
5 1 (0.18%) Prometheus
5 1 (0.18%) Sysdig
5 1 (0.18%) Zipkin
Vendors
1 87 (15.76%) Microsoft
2 46 (8.33%) ServiceNow
3 38 (6.88%) Adobe
4 32 (5.80%) Google
5 24 (4.35%) SAP
6 21 (3.80%) Salesforce
7 19 (3.44%) Atlassian
8 16 (2.90%) OutSystems
9 15 (2.72%) Oracle
10 8 (1.45%) OpenAI
11 7 (1.27%) CA Agile Central
12 6 (1.09%) Salesforce Marketing Cloud
13 5 (0.91%) Splunk
14 4 (0.72%) Virgin Media
14 4 (0.72%) VMware
14 4 (0.72%) Zend
15 3 (0.54%) Apple
15 3 (0.54%) IBM
15 3 (0.54%) Sage
15 3 (0.54%) Sitecore