CSS Contract Job Trends

CSS (Cascading Style Sheets)
UK

The table below provides summary statistics and contractor rates for jobs requiring CSS skills. It covers contract job vacancies from the 6 months leading up to 30 November 2025, with comparisons to the same periods in the previous two years.

6 months to
30 Nov 2025
Same period 2024 Same period 2023
Rank 175 92 108
Rank change year-on-year -83 +16 -38
Contract jobs citing CSS 582 926 1,037
As % of all contract jobs in the UK 1.62% 2.55% 2.26%
As % of the Libraries, Frameworks & Software Standards category 7.17% 11.74% 10.22%
Number of daily rates quoted 382 598 761
10th Percentile £261 £263 £305
25th Percentile £358 £352 £400
Median daily rate (50th Percentile) £450 £474 £488
Median % change year-on-year -5.01% -2.82% -7.14%
75th Percentile £550 £588 £588
90th Percentile £638 £671 £703
UK excluding London median daily rate £405 £425 £463
% change year-on-year -4.71% -8.11% -5.13%
Number of hourly rates quoted 23 17 20
10th Percentile £31.38 £33.45 £26.18
25th Percentile - £54.63 £42.31
Median hourly rate £50.00 £62.50 £58.75
Median % change year-on-year -20.00% +6.38% -6.00%
75th Percentile £64.50 £70.00 £70.00
90th Percentile £67.00 - £73.96
UK excluding London median hourly rate £50.00 £62.50 £55.00
% change year-on-year -20.00% +13.64% -12.00%

All Software Libraries and Frameworks
UK

CSS falls under the Software Libraries and Frameworks category. For comparison with the information above, the following table provides summary statistics for all contract job vacancies requiring technical specification, industry standards, software libraries and framework skills.

Contract vacancies with a requirement for technical specification, industry standards, software libraries and framework skills 8,116 7,886 10,146
As % of all contract IT jobs advertised in the UK 22.64% 21.75% 22.15%
Number of daily rates quoted 5,381 4,967 7,238
10th Percentile £350 £350 £363
25th Percentile £413 £425 £440
Median daily rate (50th Percentile) £500 £550 £550
Median % change year-on-year -9.09% - -4.35%
75th Percentile £625 £650 £650
90th Percentile £720 £780 £750
UK excluding London median daily rate £485 £500 £500
% change year-on-year -3.00% - -4.76%
Number of hourly rates quoted 187 117 183
10th Percentile £30.55 £22.00 £32.60
25th Percentile £43.00 £36.75 £46.18
Median hourly rate £55.00 £65.00 £54.50
Median % change year-on-year -15.38% +19.27% -13.26%
75th Percentile £65.00 £70.00 £70.00
90th Percentile £78.90 £74.18 £78.00
UK excluding London median hourly rate £64.00 £65.00 £52.50
% change year-on-year -1.54% +23.81% -19.23%

CSS
Job Vacancy Trend

Historical trend showing the proportion of contract IT job postings citing CSS relative to all contract IT jobs advertised.

CSS job vacancy trend in the UK

CSS
Daily Rate Trend

Contractor daily rate distribution trend for jobs in the UK citing CSS.

Contractor daily rate distribution trend for jobs in the UK citing CSS

CSS
Daily Rate Histogram

Daily rate distribution for jobs citing CSS over the 6 months to 30 November 2025.

Daily rate histogram for CSS in the UK

CSS
Hourly Rate Trend

Contractor hourly rate distribution trend for jobs in the UK citing CSS.

Contractor hourly rate distribution trend for jobs in the UK citing CSS

CSS
Hourly Rate Histogram

Hourly rate distribution of jobs citing CSS over the 6 months to 30 November 2025.

Hourly rate histogram for CSS in the UK

CSS
Top 17 Contract Job Locations

The table below looks at the demand and provides a guide to the median contractor rates quoted in IT jobs citing CSS within the UK over the 6 months to 30 November 2025. The 'Rank Change' column provides an indication of the change in demand within each location based on the same 6 month period last year.

Location Rank Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Matching
Contract
IT Job Ads
Median
Daily Rate
Past 6 Months
Median Daily Rate
% Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Live
Jobs
England -76 498 £450 -5.66% 838
London -60 267 £500 - 253
UK excluding London -65 238 £405 -4.71% 772
Work from Home -75 192 £475 +13.10% 227
South East -47 65 £208 -49.27% 262
North of England -56 63 £400 -17.10% 164
Midlands -33 41 £410 -13.68% 127
North West -22 31 £380 -17.39% 95
Yorkshire -35 30 £500 -4.76% 49
Scotland -22 26 £463 +5.71% 32
West Midlands -34 23 £419 -16.25% 80
South West +1 20 £435 +22.88% 75
East Midlands -8 17 £405 +11.57% 47
East of England -23 16 £475 +43.40% 84
Wales +2 7 £425 -13.92% 33
North East -15 3 - - 22
Northern Ireland - 1 - - 5

CSS
Co-Occurring Skills & Capabilities by Category

The following tables expand on the one above by listing co-occurrences grouped by category. They cover the same employment type, locality and period, with up to 20 co-occurrences shown in each category:

Application Platforms
1 25 (4.30%) CMS
2 21 (3.61%) Confluence
3 14 (2.41%) Adobe Experience Manager
4 12 (2.06%) SharePoint
4 12 (2.06%) SugarCRM
5 6 (1.03%) Headless CMS
5 6 (1.03%) Sitecore CMS
5 6 (1.03%) Tomcat
5 6 (1.03%) WordPress
6 5 (0.86%) Apache
6 5 (0.86%) Umbraco
7 4 (0.69%) Drupal
8 3 (0.52%) Apache Spark
8 3 (0.52%) nginx
9 2 (0.34%) SharePoint Server
9 2 (0.34%) SilverStripe
10 1 (0.17%) CICS
10 1 (0.17%) ColdFusion
10 1 (0.17%) Oracle Spatial
10 1 (0.17%) SAS
Applications
1 14 (2.41%) Sketch
2 13 (2.23%) Adobe XD
3 11 (1.89%) Maya
4 7 (1.20%) NUKE
5 6 (1.03%) Microsoft Office
6 5 (0.86%) Microsoft Excel
7 4 (0.69%) Adobe Captivate
8 3 (0.52%) Adobe After Effects
8 3 (0.52%) InVision
8 3 (0.52%) Microsoft PowerPoint
8 3 (0.52%) MS Visio
9 2 (0.34%) Adobe Creative Suite
9 2 (0.34%) Blender
9 2 (0.34%) CINEMA 4D
9 2 (0.34%) Trello
10 1 (0.17%) Adobe Illustrator
10 1 (0.17%) Chatbot
10 1 (0.17%) Moqups
10 1 (0.17%) Spreadsheet
10 1 (0.17%) UserZoom
Business Applications
1 6 (1.03%) Payment Gateway
2 4 (0.69%) Shopify
3 2 (0.34%) Dynamics CRM
3 2 (0.34%) Oracle ERP
4 1 (0.17%) Maximo
4 1 (0.17%) Salesforce CRM
4 1 (0.17%) Sonata
4 1 (0.17%) Teamcenter
Cloud Services
1 138 (23.71%) Azure
2 124 (21.31%) AWS
3 56 (9.62%) GitHub
4 35 (6.01%) Figma
4 35 (6.01%) GCP
5 29 (4.98%) GitHub Actions
5 29 (4.98%) Serverless
6 27 (4.64%) SaaS
7 26 (4.47%) Azure DevOps
7 26 (4.47%) npm
7 26 (4.47%) Power Platform
8 19 (3.26%) Amazon S3
9 18 (3.09%) AWS Lambda
9 18 (3.09%) Sauce Labs
10 15 (2.58%) PowerApps
11 14 (2.41%) OpenShift
12 13 (2.23%) Power Automate
13 10 (1.72%) Dynamics 365
14 9 (1.55%) AWS CloudFormation
14 9 (1.55%) Google Analytics
Communications & Networking
1 18 (3.09%) Wireless
2 11 (1.89%) HTTP
3 6 (1.03%) DNS
4 3 (0.52%) Bluetooth
4 3 (0.52%) DKIM
4 3 (0.52%) Firewall
4 3 (0.52%) Internet
5 1 (0.17%) FTP
5 1 (0.17%) HTTPS
5 1 (0.17%) Intranet
5 1 (0.17%) POP3
5 1 (0.17%) SMTP
5 1 (0.17%) VoIP
Database & Business Intelligence
1 67 (11.51%) MySQL
2 66 (11.34%) PostgreSQL
3 59 (10.14%) Relational Database
3 59 (10.14%) SQL Server
4 33 (5.67%) NoSQL
5 29 (4.98%) MongoDB
6 22 (3.78%) Redis
7 10 (1.72%) Amazon RDS
7 10 (1.72%) Oracle Database
7 10 (1.72%) Power BI
8 9 (1.55%) Apache Cassandra
8 9 (1.55%) MariaDB
9 6 (1.03%) Amazon Aurora
9 6 (1.03%) Data Warehouse
10 5 (0.86%) DB2
10 5 (0.86%) Elasticsearch
11 4 (0.69%) Spark SQL
11 4 (0.69%) Tableau
12 3 (0.52%) Data Lake
12 3 (0.52%) Mixpanel
Development Applications
1 175 (30.07%) Git
2 72 (12.37%) JIRA
3 51 (8.76%) Jenkins
4 37 (6.36%) webpack
5 34 (5.84%) Cypress.io
6 32 (5.50%) Browser DevTools
7 28 (4.81%) GitLab
7 28 (4.81%) JUnit
8 26 (4.47%) Eclipse
8 26 (4.47%) Xcode
9 22 (3.78%) SonarQube
10 21 (3.61%) Maven
11 19 (3.26%) Mockito
12 18 (3.09%) Android Studio
12 18 (3.09%) Bitbucket
13 17 (2.92%) Selenium
14 15 (2.58%) Cucumber
14 15 (2.58%) Mocha
15 14 (2.41%) Jasmine
15 14 (2.41%) Postman
General
1 188 (32.30%) Social Skills
2 100 (17.18%) Finance
3 80 (13.75%) Public Sector
4 51 (8.76%) Analytical Skills
5 47 (8.08%) Banking
6 34 (5.84%) Marketing
7 13 (2.23%) Automotive
7 13 (2.23%) Games
8 10 (1.72%) Inclusion and Diversity
8 10 (1.72%) Military
8 10 (1.72%) Presentation Skills
8 10 (1.72%) Retail
9 9 (1.55%) Investment Banking
9 9 (1.55%) Legal
9 9 (1.55%) Manufacturing
10 7 (1.20%) Documentation Skills
11 6 (1.03%) Telecoms
12 5 (0.86%) Advertising
12 5 (0.86%) Aerospace
12 5 (0.86%) Publishing
Job Titles
1 334 (57.39%) Developer
2 75 (12.89%) Full-Stack Developer
3 59 (10.14%) Senior
4 56 (9.62%) Front-End Developer (Client-Side Developer)
5 37 (6.36%) Designer
6 36 (6.19%) Lead
7 35 (6.01%) Front-End Engineer (Client-Side Engineer)
8 34 (5.84%) Java Developer
9 31 (5.33%) React Developer
10 30 (5.15%) Senior Developer
11 29 (4.98%) Support Engineer
11 29 (4.98%) Technical Engineer
11 29 (4.98%) Technical Support
11 29 (4.98%) Technical Support Engineer
12 27 (4.64%) Full-Stack Engineer
13 25 (4.30%) Angular Developer
14 23 (3.95%) UX Designer
15 22 (3.78%) UI Developer
16 21 (3.61%) Software Engineer
16 21 (3.61%) UX Engineer
Libraries, Frameworks & Software Standards
1 513 (88.14%) HTML
2 247 (42.44%) React
3 160 (27.49%) AngularJS
4 126 (21.65%) HTML5
5 123 (21.13%) REST
6 102 (17.53%) Node.js
7 101 (17.35%) RESTful
8 91 (15.64%) CSS3
9 82 (14.09%) .NET
10 66 (11.34%) Jest
11 59 (10.14%) Vue
12 57 (9.79%) Spring
13 49 (8.42%) Redux
14 48 (8.25%) jQuery
15 47 (8.08%) JSON
15 47 (8.08%) Sass
16 43 (7.39%) Bootstrap
17 42 (7.22%) Spring Boot
18 39 (6.70%) SOAP
19 35 (6.01%) GraphQL
Miscellaneous
1 63 (10.82%) Mobile App
2 35 (6.01%) Product Ownership
3 23 (3.95%) Management Information System
4 21 (3.61%) Data Structures
5 19 (3.26%) Algorithms
6 17 (2.92%) Cloud Native
6 17 (2.92%) Distributed Systems
7 13 (2.23%) Animation
7 13 (2.23%) Greenfield Project
8 10 (1.72%) Low-Code
9 9 (1.55%) Foreign Exchange (FX)
10 8 (1.37%) Legacy Systems
10 8 (1.37%) Onboarding
10 8 (1.37%) Reinsurance
10 8 (1.37%) Virtual Team
11 7 (1.20%) CMDB
11 7 (1.20%) Data Protection Act
11 7 (1.20%) Derivative
12 6 (1.03%) Enterprise Software
12 6 (1.03%) Marketing Technology
Operating Systems
1 37 (6.36%) Linux
2 35 (6.01%) Android
3 31 (5.33%) Unix
4 24 (4.12%) Windows
5 15 (2.58%) Apple iOS
6 4 (0.69%) Mac OS
7 3 (0.52%) CentOS
8 2 (0.34%) Red Hat Enterprise Linux
9 1 (0.17%) Windows Server
Processes & Methodologies
1 281 (48.28%) Agile
2 193 (33.16%) CI/CD
3 176 (30.24%) User Experience
4 144 (24.74%) Front End Development
5 128 (21.99%) Full-Stack Development
6 121 (20.79%) Problem-Solving
7 110 (18.90%) DevOps
8 98 (16.84%) Microservices
9 84 (14.43%) UX Design
10 75 (12.89%) Test Automation
11 67 (11.51%) TDD
12 63 (10.82%) Scrum
13 60 (10.31%) MVC
14 51 (8.76%) SDLC
14 51 (8.76%) Unit Testing
15 50 (8.59%) Computer Science
15 50 (8.59%) Containerisation
16 49 (8.42%) Code Quality
16 49 (8.42%) Software Engineering
17 46 (7.90%) OO
Programming Languages
1 444 (76.29%) JavaScript
2 158 (27.15%) Java
3 151 (25.95%) TypeScript
4 146 (25.09%) SQL
5 99 (17.01%) Python
6 68 (11.68%) C#
7 32 (5.50%) PHP
8 31 (5.33%) C++
9 22 (3.78%) Perl
10 16 (2.75%) Ruby
11 13 (2.23%) ABAP
12 12 (2.06%) PL/SQL
13 10 (1.72%) Apex Code
13 10 (1.72%) Kotlin
13 10 (1.72%) PowerShell
14 8 (1.37%) C
14 8 (1.37%) Groovy
14 8 (1.37%) Shell Script
15 7 (1.20%) JSX
15 7 (1.20%) Tcl
Qualifications
1 98 (16.84%) Security Cleared
2 72 (12.37%) SC Cleared
3 59 (10.14%) Degree
4 32 (5.50%) Computer Science Degree
5 22 (3.78%) BPSS Clearance
6 5 (0.86%) Azure Certification
7 4 (0.69%) DBS Check
8 3 (0.52%) AWS Certification
8 3 (0.52%) CCNA
8 3 (0.52%) Cisco Certification
8 3 (0.52%) DV Cleared
8 3 (0.52%) Master's Degree
8 3 (0.52%) Network+ Certification
9 2 (0.34%) ITIL Certification
10 1 (0.17%) ISEB
10 1 (0.17%) ISTQB
10 1 (0.17%) Microsoft Certification
10 1 (0.17%) Numerate Degree
Quality Assurance & Compliance
1 107 (18.38%) Accessibility
2 47 (8.08%) QA
3 41 (7.04%) WCAG
4 6 (1.03%) Data Quality
4 6 (1.03%) GDPR
5 4 (0.69%) SLA
6 3 (0.52%) ISO/IEC 27001
7 2 (0.34%) California Consumer Privacy Act
7 2 (0.34%) Disclosure Scotland
8 1 (0.17%) HMG Security Policy Framework
8 1 (0.17%) Software Quality Assurance
System Software
1 81 (13.92%) Docker
2 5 (0.86%) Active Directory
3 1 (0.17%) ISA Server
3 1 (0.17%) Varnish
Systems Management
1 58 (9.97%) Kubernetes
2 12 (2.06%) Terraform
3 11 (1.89%) Argo
3 11 (1.89%) Grafana
4 7 (1.20%) Single Sign-On
5 1 (0.17%) Active Directory Federation Services
5 1 (0.17%) Ansible
5 1 (0.17%) Control-M
5 1 (0.17%) Kibana
5 1 (0.17%) logstash
5 1 (0.17%) Prometheus
Vendors
1 78 (13.40%) Microsoft
2 75 (12.89%) Oracle
3 41 (7.04%) ServiceNow
4 35 (6.01%) Google
5 34 (5.84%) Adobe
6 28 (4.81%) Splunk
7 26 (4.47%) SAP
8 23 (3.95%) Salesforce
9 16 (2.75%) Red Hat
10 10 (1.72%) Dynatrace
11 8 (1.37%) GoldenSource
12 6 (1.03%) Amplitude
12 6 (1.03%) Atlassian
12 6 (1.03%) Perforce
12 6 (1.03%) Sitecore
12 6 (1.03%) Veracode
13 5 (0.86%) CA Agile Central
13 5 (0.86%) IBM
13 5 (0.86%) OutSystems
13 5 (0.86%) Salesforce Marketing Cloud