CSS Contract Job Trends

CSS (Cascading Style Sheets)
UK

The table below provides summary statistics and contractor rates for jobs requiring CSS skills. It covers contract job vacancies from the 6 months leading up to 5 December 2025, with comparisons to the same periods in the previous two years.

6 months to
5 Dec 2025
Same period 2024 Same period 2023
Rank 177 93 104
Rank change year-on-year -84 +11 -34
Contract jobs citing CSS 579 923 1,031
As % of all contract jobs in the UK 1.59% 2.55% 2.29%
As % of the Libraries, Frameworks & Software Standards category 7.04% 11.69% 10.35%
Number of daily rates quoted 387 596 754
10th Percentile £258 £264 £305
25th Percentile £358 £355 £400
Median daily rate (50th Percentile) £450 £475 £490
Median % change year-on-year -5.26% -3.06% -6.67%
75th Percentile £550 £588 £588
90th Percentile £638 £673 £702
UK excluding London median daily rate £410 £425 £463
% change year-on-year -3.53% -8.11% -5.42%
Number of hourly rates quoted 20 16 23
10th Percentile £30.43 £32.25 £26.80
25th Percentile - £51.72 £46.09
Median hourly rate £50.00 £62.50 £60.00
Median % change year-on-year -20.00% +4.17% -4.00%
75th Percentile £65.56 £70.00 £70.00
90th Percentile £67.00 - £72.92
UK excluding London median hourly rate £50.00 £62.50 £58.75
% change year-on-year -20.00% +6.38% -6.00%

All Software Libraries and Frameworks
UK

CSS falls under the Software Libraries and Frameworks category. For comparison with the information above, the following table provides summary statistics for all contract job vacancies requiring technical specification, industry standards, software libraries and framework skills.

Contract vacancies with a requirement for technical specification, industry standards, software libraries and framework skills 8,221 7,894 9,958
As % of all contract IT jobs advertised in the UK 22.53% 21.85% 22.13%
Number of daily rates quoted 5,461 4,981 7,083
10th Percentile £350 £350 £363
25th Percentile £413 £425 £445
Median daily rate (50th Percentile) £500 £550 £550
Median % change year-on-year -9.09% - -4.35%
75th Percentile £624 £650 £650
90th Percentile £716 £775 £750
UK excluding London median daily rate £480 £500 £500
% change year-on-year -4.00% - -4.76%
Number of hourly rates quoted 185 113 183
10th Percentile £30.10 £22.00 £32.60
25th Percentile £43.00 £38.50 £46.18
Median hourly rate £55.00 £65.00 £55.00
Median % change year-on-year -15.38% +18.18% -15.38%
75th Percentile £65.00 £70.00 £70.00
90th Percentile £77.50 £74.35 £78.00
UK excluding London median hourly rate £64.00 £65.00 £52.50
% change year-on-year -1.54% +23.81% -19.23%

CSS
Job Vacancy Trend

Historical trend showing the proportion of contract IT job postings citing CSS relative to all contract IT jobs advertised.

CSS job vacancy trend in the UK

CSS
Daily Rate Trend

Contractor daily rate distribution trend for jobs in the UK citing CSS.

Contractor daily rate distribution trend for jobs in the UK citing CSS

CSS
Daily Rate Histogram

Daily rate distribution for jobs citing CSS over the 6 months to 5 December 2025.

Daily rate histogram for CSS in the UK

CSS
Hourly Rate Trend

Contractor hourly rate distribution trend for jobs in the UK citing CSS.

Contractor hourly rate distribution trend for jobs in the UK citing CSS

CSS
Hourly Rate Histogram

Hourly rate distribution of jobs citing CSS over the 6 months to 5 December 2025.

Hourly rate histogram for CSS in the UK

CSS
Top 17 Contract Job Locations

The table below looks at the demand and provides a guide to the median contractor rates quoted in IT jobs citing CSS within the UK over the 6 months to 5 December 2025. The 'Rank Change' column provides an indication of the change in demand within each location based on the same 6 month period last year.

Location Rank Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Matching
Contract
IT Job Ads
Median
Daily Rate
Past 6 Months
Median Daily Rate
% Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Live
Jobs
England -85 493 £450 -5.66% 783
London -69 265 £500 - 223
UK excluding London -79 237 £410 -3.53% 711
Work from Home -83 191 £475 +13.10% 216
South East -50 66 £208 -49.27% 191
North of England -46 65 £409 -13.95% 177
Midlands -36 36 £413 -13.16% 127
North West -21 33 £380 -17.39% 104
Yorkshire -30 30 £500 -4.76% 49
Scotland -24 27 £463 +5.71% 30
West Midlands -42 21 £419 -16.25% 81
South West -14 19 £445 +25.53% 68
East of England -27 16 £475 +58.33% 90
East Midlands -5 15 £410 +10.81% 46
Wales -1 8 £425 -13.92% 31
North East -13 3 - - 26
Northern Ireland - 1 - - 5

CSS
Co-Occurring Skills & Capabilities by Category

The following tables expand on the one above by listing co-occurrences grouped by category. They cover the same employment type, locality and period, with up to 20 co-occurrences shown in each category:

Application Platforms
1 25 (4.32%) CMS
2 20 (3.45%) Confluence
3 15 (2.59%) Adobe Experience Manager
4 12 (2.07%) SugarCRM
5 10 (1.73%) SharePoint
6 7 (1.21%) WordPress
7 6 (1.04%) Headless CMS
7 6 (1.04%) Sitecore CMS
7 6 (1.04%) Tomcat
8 5 (0.86%) Apache
8 5 (0.86%) Umbraco
9 4 (0.69%) Drupal
10 3 (0.52%) nginx
11 2 (0.35%) SharePoint Server
11 2 (0.35%) SilverStripe
12 1 (0.17%) Apache Spark
12 1 (0.17%) Cloud Foundry
12 1 (0.17%) GeoServer
12 1 (0.17%) Mendix
12 1 (0.17%) Oracle Spatial
Applications
1 15 (2.59%) Sketch
2 14 (2.42%) Adobe XD
3 8 (1.38%) Maya
4 5 (0.86%) Microsoft Excel
4 5 (0.86%) Microsoft Office
4 5 (0.86%) NUKE
5 4 (0.69%) Adobe After Effects
5 4 (0.69%) InVision
6 3 (0.52%) Adobe Captivate
6 3 (0.52%) Microsoft PowerPoint
6 3 (0.52%) MS Visio
6 3 (0.52%) Trello
7 2 (0.35%) Adobe Creative Suite
7 2 (0.35%) Blender
7 2 (0.35%) CINEMA 4D
8 1 (0.17%) Chatbot
8 1 (0.17%) Moqups
8 1 (0.17%) Photoshop
8 1 (0.17%) Spreadsheet
8 1 (0.17%) UserZoom
Business Applications
1 6 (1.04%) Payment Gateway
2 4 (0.69%) Shopify
3 2 (0.35%) Dynamics CRM
3 2 (0.35%) Oracle ERP
4 1 (0.17%) Maximo
4 1 (0.17%) Salesforce CRM
4 1 (0.17%) Sonata
4 1 (0.17%) Teamcenter
Cloud Services
1 137 (23.66%) Azure
2 125 (21.59%) AWS
3 57 (9.84%) GitHub
4 35 (6.04%) Figma
4 35 (6.04%) GCP
5 31 (5.35%) Serverless
6 30 (5.18%) GitHub Actions
7 28 (4.84%) SaaS
8 27 (4.66%) npm
9 26 (4.49%) Azure DevOps
10 23 (3.97%) Power Platform
11 21 (3.63%) Amazon S3
12 19 (3.28%) Sauce Labs
13 18 (3.11%) AWS Lambda
14 14 (2.42%) OpenShift
15 12 (2.07%) PowerApps
16 11 (1.90%) Power Automate
17 9 (1.55%) AWS CloudFormation
17 9 (1.55%) Dynamics 365
17 9 (1.55%) Google Analytics
Communications & Networking
1 18 (3.11%) Wireless
2 10 (1.73%) HTTP
3 6 (1.04%) DNS
4 3 (0.52%) Bluetooth
4 3 (0.52%) DKIM
4 3 (0.52%) Firewall
4 3 (0.52%) Internet
5 1 (0.17%) FTP
5 1 (0.17%) HTTPS
5 1 (0.17%) Intranet
5 1 (0.17%) POP3
5 1 (0.17%) SMTP
5 1 (0.17%) VoIP
Database & Business Intelligence
1 70 (12.09%) MySQL
2 67 (11.57%) PostgreSQL
3 60 (10.36%) Relational Database
4 57 (9.84%) SQL Server
5 34 (5.87%) NoSQL
6 30 (5.18%) MongoDB
7 22 (3.80%) Redis
8 11 (1.90%) Oracle Database
9 10 (1.73%) Amazon RDS
9 10 (1.73%) Apache Cassandra
9 10 (1.73%) MariaDB
9 10 (1.73%) Power BI
10 6 (1.04%) Amazon Aurora
11 5 (0.86%) DB2
11 5 (0.86%) DynamoDB
11 5 (0.86%) Elasticsearch
12 4 (0.69%) Data Warehouse
12 4 (0.69%) Tableau
13 3 (0.52%) Azure SQL Database
13 3 (0.52%) GIS
Development Applications
1 177 (30.57%) Git
2 73 (12.61%) JIRA
3 51 (8.81%) Jenkins
4 36 (6.22%) webpack
5 34 (5.87%) Browser DevTools
6 32 (5.53%) Cypress.io
7 31 (5.35%) GitLab
8 29 (5.01%) JUnit
9 27 (4.66%) Eclipse
9 27 (4.66%) Xcode
10 22 (3.80%) SonarQube
11 20 (3.45%) Maven
11 20 (3.45%) Mockito
12 19 (3.28%) Android Studio
13 18 (3.11%) Bitbucket
14 16 (2.76%) Selenium
15 14 (2.42%) Cucumber
15 14 (2.42%) Postman
16 13 (2.25%) Jasmine
16 13 (2.25%) Mocha
General
1 190 (32.82%) Social Skills
2 100 (17.27%) Finance
3 82 (14.16%) Public Sector
4 49 (8.46%) Banking
5 46 (7.94%) Analytical Skills
6 33 (5.70%) Marketing
7 11 (1.90%) Inclusion and Diversity
7 11 (1.90%) Investment Banking
8 10 (1.73%) Automotive
8 10 (1.73%) Games
8 10 (1.73%) Military
8 10 (1.73%) Presentation Skills
8 10 (1.73%) Retail
9 9 (1.55%) Legal
10 8 (1.38%) Manufacturing
11 7 (1.21%) Documentation Skills
12 6 (1.04%) Front Office
13 5 (0.86%) Publishing
13 5 (0.86%) Telecoms
14 4 (0.69%) Organisational Skills
Job Titles
1 332 (57.34%) Developer
2 75 (12.95%) Full-Stack Developer
3 59 (10.19%) Senior
4 57 (9.84%) Front-End Developer (Client-Side Developer)
5 38 (6.56%) Designer
6 36 (6.22%) Java Developer
7 35 (6.04%) Front-End Engineer (Client-Side Engineer)
8 34 (5.87%) Lead
9 32 (5.53%) React Developer
9 32 (5.53%) Senior Developer
10 30 (5.18%) Support Engineer
10 30 (5.18%) Technical Engineer
10 30 (5.18%) Technical Support
10 30 (5.18%) Technical Support Engineer
11 29 (5.01%) Full-Stack Engineer
12 23 (3.97%) UX Designer
13 22 (3.80%) Angular Developer
13 22 (3.80%) Software Engineer
13 22 (3.80%) UI Developer
13 22 (3.80%) UX Engineer
Libraries, Frameworks & Software Standards
1 511 (88.26%) HTML
2 248 (42.83%) React
3 159 (27.46%) AngularJS
4 128 (22.11%) HTML5
5 122 (21.07%) REST
6 105 (18.13%) Node.js
7 102 (17.62%) RESTful
8 93 (16.06%) CSS3
9 82 (14.16%) .NET
10 66 (11.40%) Jest
11 59 (10.19%) Spring
12 57 (9.84%) Vue
13 50 (8.64%) Redux
14 48 (8.29%) jQuery
15 47 (8.12%) Sass
16 45 (7.77%) JSON
17 44 (7.60%) Spring Boot
18 43 (7.43%) Bootstrap
19 40 (6.91%) SOAP
20 37 (6.39%) GraphQL
Miscellaneous
1 65 (11.23%) Mobile App
2 34 (5.87%) Product Ownership
3 23 (3.97%) Management Information System
4 20 (3.45%) Data Structures
5 19 (3.28%) Algorithms
6 17 (2.94%) Cloud Native
6 17 (2.94%) Distributed Systems
7 13 (2.25%) Greenfield Project
8 10 (1.73%) Animation
8 10 (1.73%) Low-Code
9 9 (1.55%) Foreign Exchange (FX)
9 9 (1.55%) Onboarding
10 8 (1.38%) Derivative
10 8 (1.38%) Legacy Systems
10 8 (1.38%) Reinsurance
11 7 (1.21%) CMDB
12 6 (1.04%) Data Protection Act
12 6 (1.04%) Enterprise Software
12 6 (1.04%) Marketing Technology
12 6 (1.04%) Virtual Team
Operating Systems
1 39 (6.74%) Linux
2 37 (6.39%) Android
3 32 (5.53%) Unix
4 26 (4.49%) Windows
5 16 (2.76%) Apple iOS
6 4 (0.69%) Mac OS
7 3 (0.52%) CentOS
8 2 (0.35%) Red Hat Enterprise Linux
9 1 (0.17%) Windows Server
Processes & Methodologies
1 280 (48.36%) Agile
2 193 (33.33%) CI/CD
3 175 (30.22%) User Experience
4 143 (24.70%) Front End Development
5 131 (22.63%) Full-Stack Development
6 121 (20.90%) Problem-Solving
7 114 (19.69%) DevOps
8 99 (17.10%) Microservices
9 84 (14.51%) UX Design
10 74 (12.78%) Test Automation
11 70 (12.09%) TDD
12 62 (10.71%) Scrum
13 61 (10.54%) MVC
14 53 (9.15%) Unit Testing
15 51 (8.81%) SDLC
16 50 (8.64%) Containerisation
16 50 (8.64%) Software Engineering
17 49 (8.46%) Computer Science
18 48 (8.29%) Code Quality
18 48 (8.29%) OO
Programming Languages
1 437 (75.47%) JavaScript
2 160 (27.63%) Java
3 155 (26.77%) TypeScript
4 140 (24.18%) SQL
5 96 (16.58%) Python
6 67 (11.57%) C#
7 33 (5.70%) PHP
8 29 (5.01%) C++
9 23 (3.97%) Perl
10 16 (2.76%) Ruby
11 13 (2.25%) ABAP
12 12 (2.07%) PL/SQL
13 10 (1.73%) Apex Code
13 10 (1.73%) Kotlin
13 10 (1.73%) PowerShell
14 8 (1.38%) C
14 8 (1.38%) Groovy
14 8 (1.38%) Shell Script
15 7 (1.21%) JSX
16 5 (0.86%) COBOL
Qualifications
1 99 (17.10%) Security Cleared
2 72 (12.44%) SC Cleared
3 58 (10.02%) Degree
4 33 (5.70%) Computer Science Degree
5 22 (3.80%) BPSS Clearance
6 5 (0.86%) Azure Certification
7 4 (0.69%) DBS Check
8 3 (0.52%) AWS Certification
8 3 (0.52%) CCNA
8 3 (0.52%) Cisco Certification
8 3 (0.52%) DV Cleared
8 3 (0.52%) Master's Degree
8 3 (0.52%) Network+ Certification
9 2 (0.35%) ITIL Certification
10 1 (0.17%) ISEB
10 1 (0.17%) ISTQB
10 1 (0.17%) Microsoft Certification
10 1 (0.17%) Numerate Degree
Quality Assurance & Compliance
1 108 (18.65%) Accessibility
2 46 (7.94%) QA
3 41 (7.08%) WCAG
4 6 (1.04%) Data Quality
4 6 (1.04%) GDPR
5 4 (0.69%) SLA
6 3 (0.52%) ISO/IEC 27001
7 2 (0.35%) California Consumer Privacy Act
7 2 (0.35%) Disclosure Scotland
8 1 (0.17%) HMG Security Policy Framework
8 1 (0.17%) Software Quality Assurance
System Software
1 82 (14.16%) Docker
2 4 (0.69%) Active Directory
3 2 (0.35%) ISA Server
4 1 (0.17%) Varnish
Systems Management
1 57 (9.84%) Kubernetes
2 12 (2.07%) Terraform
3 11 (1.90%) Argo
3 11 (1.90%) Grafana
4 7 (1.21%) Single Sign-On
5 1 (0.17%) Ansible
5 1 (0.17%) Control-M
5 1 (0.17%) Kibana
5 1 (0.17%) logstash
5 1 (0.17%) Prometheus
Vendors
1 77 (13.30%) Oracle
2 76 (13.13%) Microsoft
3 41 (7.08%) ServiceNow
4 37 (6.39%) Adobe
5 36 (6.22%) Google
6 30 (5.18%) Splunk
7 26 (4.49%) SAP
8 24 (4.15%) Salesforce
9 16 (2.76%) Red Hat
10 10 (1.73%) Dynatrace
11 8 (1.38%) GoldenSource
12 6 (1.04%) Amplitude
12 6 (1.04%) Atlassian
12 6 (1.04%) Perforce
12 6 (1.04%) Sitecore
12 6 (1.04%) Veracode
13 5 (0.86%) CA Agile Central
13 5 (0.86%) OutSystems
13 5 (0.86%) Salesforce Marketing Cloud
14 4 (0.69%) Hotjar