CSS Contracts

CSS (Cascading Style Sheets)
UK

The table below provides summary statistics for contract job vacancies requiring CSS skills. It includes a benchmarking guide to the contractor rates offered in vacancies that cited CSS over the 6 months leading up to 26 July 2024, comparing them to the same period in the previous two years.

6 months to
26 Jul 2024
Same period 2023 Same period 2022
Rank 100 88 62
Rank change year-on-year -12 -26 -6
Contract jobs citing CSS 926 1,425 3,327
As % of all contract jobs advertised in the UK 2.31% 2.62% 3.72%
As % of the Libraries, Frameworks & Software Standards category 10.66% 11.69% 13.88%
Number of daily rates quoted 656 1,037 2,409
10th Percentile £300 £313 £369
25th Percentile £400 £400 £431
Median daily rate (50th Percentile) £495 £500 £530
Median % change year-on-year -1.00% -5.66% +14.59%
75th Percentile £588 £625 £638
90th Percentile £688 £713 £725
UK excluding London median daily rate £450 £464 £475
% change year-on-year -3.07% -2.26% +12.09%
Number of hourly rates quoted 19 15 49
10th Percentile £40.00 £18.50 £24.90
25th Percentile £55.63 £23.74 £37.06
Median hourly rate £70.00 £45.00 £57.50
Median % change year-on-year +55.56% -21.74% +43.75%
75th Percentile - £70.50 £67.50
90th Percentile £71.00 £76.45 £75.48
UK excluding London median hourly rate £70.00 £24.46 £57.50
% change year-on-year +186.18% -57.46% +43.75%

All Software Libraries and Frameworks
UK

CSS falls under the Software Libraries and Frameworks category. For comparison with the information above, the following table provides summary statistics for all contract job vacancies requiring technical specification, industry standards, software libraries and framework skills.

Contract vacancies with a requirement for technical specification, industry standards, software libraries and framework skills 8,687 12,195 23,976
As % of all contract IT jobs advertised in the UK 21.63% 22.44% 26.84%
Number of daily rates quoted 5,934 8,797 17,534
10th Percentile £350 £375 £405
25th Percentile £428 £456 £469
Median daily rate (50th Percentile) £550 £550 £563
Median % change year-on-year - -2.22% +12.50%
75th Percentile £664 £675 £675
90th Percentile £800 £775 £763
UK excluding London median daily rate £500 £500 £513
% change year-on-year - -2.44% +13.89%
Number of hourly rates quoted 249 155 224
10th Percentile £22.70 £32.45 £20.78
25th Percentile £43.00 £46.22 £35.07
Median hourly rate £52.50 £60.00 £55.00
Median % change year-on-year -12.50% +9.09% +22.22%
75th Percentile £70.00 £75.00 £67.36
90th Percentile £74.44 £78.75 £75.71
UK excluding London median hourly rate £58.30 £58.59 £57.18
% change year-on-year -0.49% +2.47% +36.14%

CSS
Job Vacancy Trend

Job postings citing CSS as a proportion of all IT jobs advertised.

Job vacancy trend for CSS in the UK

CSS
Contractor Daily Rate Trend

3-month moving average daily rate quoted in jobs citing CSS.

Daily rate trend for CSS in the UK

CSS
Daily Rate Histogram

Daily rate distribution for jobs citing CSS over the 6 months to 26 July 2024.

Daily rate histogram for CSS in the UK

CSS
Contractor Hourly Rate Trend

3-month moving average hourly rates quoted in jobs citing CSS.

Hourly rate trend for CSS in the UK

CSS
Hourly Rate Histogram

Hourly rate distribution of jobs citing CSS over the 6 months to 26 July 2024.

Hourly rate histogram for CSS in the UK

CSS
Top 17 Contract Locations

The table below looks at the demand and provides a guide to the median contractor rates quoted in IT jobs citing CSS within the UK over the 6 months to 26 July 2024. The 'Rank Change' column provides an indication of the change in demand within each location based on the same 6 month period last year.

Location Rank Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Matching
Contract
IT Job Ads
Median
Daily Rate
Past 6 Months
Median Daily Rate
% Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Live
Jobs
England -8 757 £500 - 406
London 0 461 £525 -4.55% 81
Work from Home +10 412 £479 +0.84% 258
UK excluding London -34 322 £450 -3.07% 382
South East +22 95 £380 -5.00% 99
North of England -43 73 £463 -4.64% 104
Scotland 0 45 £445 -6.32% 27
Yorkshire -2 36 £515 +17.05% 31
South West -15 35 £475 -1.30% 37
North West -28 34 £450 -18.92% 58
East of England +10 33 £420 -11.58% 46
Midlands -29 30 £500 +5.26% 66
East Midlands -14 16 £375 -21.47% 22
West Midlands -6 14 £500 +7.30% 44
Wales +10 9 £450 - 9
North East -10 3 £405 -19.00% 16
Northern Ireland +1 2 - - 19

CSS
Co-occurring Skills and Capabilities by Category

The follow tables expand on the table above by listing co-occurrences grouped by category. The same employment type, locality and period is covered with up to 20 co-occurrences shown in each of the following categories:

Application Platforms
1 64 (6.91%) CMS
2 43 (4.64%) Confluence
3 32 (3.46%) SharePoint
4 23 (2.48%) WordPress
5 18 (1.94%) Apache
5 18 (1.94%) Headless CMS
6 15 (1.62%) nginx
7 10 (1.08%) Umbraco
8 9 (0.97%) Adobe Experience Manager
8 9 (0.97%) Drupal
9 6 (0.65%) Tomcat
10 4 (0.43%) IIS
10 4 (0.43%) JBoss
11 2 (0.22%) Gunicorn
11 2 (0.22%) Mendix
11 2 (0.22%) WebSphere
12 1 (0.11%) Apache Spark
12 1 (0.11%) Ethereum
12 1 (0.11%) GeoServer
12 1 (0.11%) MetaMask
Applications
1 17 (1.84%) Sketch
2 14 (1.51%) Photoshop
3 12 (1.30%) Adobe Illustrator
3 12 (1.30%) Adobe XD
4 11 (1.19%) InVision
5 8 (0.86%) Adobe After Effects
5 8 (0.86%) OmniGraffle
6 5 (0.54%) Zeplin
7 4 (0.43%) Microsoft Excel
7 4 (0.43%) Microsoft PowerPoint
8 3 (0.32%) Adobe Creative Suite
8 3 (0.32%) Microsoft Office
8 3 (0.32%) MS Visio
8 3 (0.32%) UXPin
9 2 (0.22%) Elementor
10 1 (0.11%) Blender
10 1 (0.11%) InDesign
10 1 (0.11%) Microsoft Project
10 1 (0.11%) Siemens NX
10 1 (0.11%) Trello
Business Applications
1 17 (1.84%) Dynamics CRM
2 11 (1.19%) Shopify
3 5 (0.54%) NetSuite
3 5 (0.54%) Salesforce CRM
4 3 (0.32%) Oracle BPM
4 3 (0.32%) Payment Gateway
5 2 (0.22%) FLEXCUBE
5 2 (0.22%) Magento
6 1 (0.11%) Academy Housing
6 1 (0.11%) Adobe Campaign
6 1 (0.11%) NEC Housing
6 1 (0.11%) Orchard Housing
6 1 (0.11%) SAP GRC
6 1 (0.11%) SAP S/4HANA
6 1 (0.11%) Teamcenter
6 1 (0.11%) Workfront
Cloud Services
1 207 (22.35%) Azure
2 134 (14.47%) AWS
3 86 (9.29%) Azure DevOps
4 73 (7.88%) Power Platform
5 54 (5.83%) GCP
6 46 (4.97%) GitHub
7 45 (4.86%) Azure Service Bus
8 39 (4.21%) Serverless
9 38 (4.10%) PowerApps
10 37 (4.00%) Figma
11 35 (3.78%) Power Automate
12 29 (3.13%) Azure Cosmos DB
13 28 (3.02%) Azure Functions
14 26 (2.81%) Entra ID
15 25 (2.70%) Dynamics 365
16 22 (2.38%) Azure Monitor
17 20 (2.16%) OpenShift
18 19 (2.05%) SaaS
19 18 (1.94%) Microsoft 365
20 17 (1.84%) npm
Communications & Networking
1 28 (3.02%) HTTP
2 23 (2.48%) Intranet
3 19 (2.05%) Software-Defined Radio
4 18 (1.94%) SNMP
5 9 (0.97%) DNS
6 5 (0.54%) VPN
7 4 (0.43%) SSL
7 4 (0.43%) VoIP
8 3 (0.32%) Firewall
8 3 (0.32%) Internet
8 3 (0.32%) TCP/IP
9 2 (0.22%) Broadband
10 1 (0.11%) 4G
10 1 (0.11%) 5G
10 1 (0.11%) DHCP
10 1 (0.11%) FTP
10 1 (0.11%) HbbTV
10 1 (0.11%) POP3
10 1 (0.11%) SMTP
10 1 (0.11%) VLAN
Database & Business Intelligence
1 130 (14.04%) SQL Server
2 98 (10.58%) MySQL
3 66 (7.13%) Relational Database
4 49 (5.29%) PostgreSQL
5 43 (4.64%) Power BI
6 36 (3.89%) MongoDB
7 25 (2.70%) Azure SQL Database
7 25 (2.70%) NoSQL
8 19 (2.05%) Qlik Sense
9 16 (1.73%) Redis
10 14 (1.51%) MariaDB
11 12 (1.30%) Elasticsearch
11 12 (1.30%) Oracle Database
12 10 (1.08%) BigQuery
13 8 (0.86%) SQL Server Reporting Services
14 7 (0.76%) Amazon Aurora
14 7 (0.76%) Tableau
14 7 (0.76%) Triplestore
15 6 (0.65%) Looker
16 4 (0.43%) DynamoDB
Development Applications
1 183 (19.76%) Git
2 94 (10.15%) JIRA
3 37 (4.00%) Jenkins
4 35 (3.78%) Bitbucket
5 26 (2.81%) Eclipse
6 25 (2.70%) Maven
7 23 (2.48%) webpack
8 21 (2.27%) Cypress.io
9 20 (2.16%) GitLab
10 18 (1.94%) GoogleTest
10 18 (1.94%) Robot Framework
11 16 (1.73%) git-flow
12 14 (1.51%) Visual Studio
13 13 (1.40%) Storybook
14 11 (1.19%) Postman
14 11 (1.19%) TeamCity
15 10 (1.08%) Gradle
15 10 (1.08%) Selenium
16 9 (0.97%) Axure RP
17 8 (0.86%) Balsamiq
General
1 224 (24.19%) Social Skills
2 118 (12.74%) Finance
3 89 (9.61%) Public Sector
4 86 (9.29%) Banking
5 82 (8.86%) Analytical Skills
6 58 (6.26%) Marketing
7 24 (2.59%) Front Office
8 22 (2.38%) Retail
8 22 (2.38%) Telecoms
9 14 (1.51%) Investment Banking
9 14 (1.51%) Publishing
10 11 (1.19%) Back Office
10 11 (1.19%) Inclusion and Diversity
10 11 (1.19%) Presentation Skills
10 11 (1.19%) Tech for Good
11 10 (1.08%) Advertising
11 10 (1.08%) Aerospace
12 7 (0.76%) Pharmaceutical
13 6 (0.65%) Financial Institution
13 6 (0.65%) Legal
Job Titles
1 611 (65.98%) Developer
2 126 (13.61%) Senior
3 114 (12.31%) Full Stack Developer
4 101 (10.91%) Front-End Developer (Client-Side Developer)
5 94 (10.15%) Senior Developer
6 77 (8.32%) React Developer
7 67 (7.24%) .NET Developer
8 56 (6.05%) Software Engineer
9 50 (5.40%) Lead
10 45 (4.86%) Java Developer
11 43 (4.64%) UI Developer
12 42 (4.54%) Designer
13 39 (4.21%) Architect
14 36 (3.89%) Software Developer
15 33 (3.56%) Angular Developer
16 31 (3.35%) ServiceNow Developer
17 29 (3.13%) Senior Front-End Developer
18 28 (3.02%) JavaScript Engineer
19 26 (2.81%) JavaScript Developer
20 25 (2.70%) C# Developer
Libraries, Frameworks & Software Standards
1 811 (87.58%) HTML
2 364 (39.31%) React
3 212 (22.89%) AngularJS
4 187 (20.19%) .NET
5 155 (16.74%) REST
6 138 (14.90%) Node.js
7 130 (14.04%) HTML5
8 105 (11.34%) RESTful
8 105 (11.34%) XML
9 91 (9.83%) .NET Core
10 89 (9.61%) jQuery
11 82 (8.86%) Web Services
12 80 (8.64%) Sass
13 78 (8.42%) ASP.NET
14 76 (8.21%) Spring
15 74 (7.99%) CSS3
16 70 (7.56%) JSON
17 56 (6.05%) Vue
18 54 (5.83%) Spring Boot
19 44 (4.75%) Next.js
Miscellaneous
1 47 (5.08%) Product Ownership
2 29 (3.13%) Fixed Income
3 27 (2.92%) Data Structures
4 24 (2.59%) Enterprise Software
5 21 (2.27%) Foreign Exchange (FX)
6 19 (2.05%) Mobile App
7 15 (1.62%) Greenfield Project
7 15 (1.62%) Management Information System
8 13 (1.40%) Algorithms
8 13 (1.40%) CMDB
8 13 (1.40%) Derivative
9 12 (1.30%) Self-Motivation
10 11 (1.19%) Animation
10 11 (1.19%) Hedge funds
11 10 (1.08%) Onboarding
12 8 (0.86%) Legacy Systems
12 8 (0.86%) Low-Code
13 7 (0.76%) Cloud Native
13 7 (0.76%) Distributed Systems
13 7 (0.76%) Graphic Design
Operating Systems
1 69 (7.45%) Linux
2 27 (2.92%) Unix
3 24 (2.59%) Windows
4 9 (0.97%) Windows Server
5 7 (0.76%) Apple iOS
6 5 (0.54%) Android
6 5 (0.54%) CentOS
6 5 (0.54%) Windows Server 2016
6 5 (0.54%) Windows Server 2019
7 1 (0.11%) Red Hat Enterprise Linux
Processes & Methodologies
1 366 (39.52%) Agile
2 183 (19.76%) User Experience
3 178 (19.22%) Problem-Solving
4 171 (18.47%) DevOps
5 166 (17.93%) Full Stack Development
6 156 (16.85%) Front End Development
7 145 (15.66%) CI/CD
8 137 (14.79%) Web Development
9 131 (14.15%) Scrum
10 128 (13.82%) Software Engineering
11 94 (10.15%) Computer Science
11 94 (10.15%) Test Automation
12 92 (9.94%) Microservices
13 88 (9.50%) UX Design
14 87 (9.40%) MVC
15 86 (9.29%) TDD
16 76 (8.21%) Clean Code
17 67 (7.24%) OO
17 67 (7.24%) SDLC
18 65 (7.02%) Unit Testing
Programming Languages
1 745 (80.45%) JavaScript
2 254 (27.43%) TypeScript
3 195 (21.06%) SQL
4 171 (18.47%) C#
5 169 (18.25%) Java
6 79 (8.53%) Python
7 64 (6.91%) PHP
8 39 (4.21%) C++
9 35 (3.78%) PowerShell
10 32 (3.46%) Bicep
11 26 (2.81%) T-SQL
12 18 (1.94%) Apex Code
13 14 (1.51%) Shell Script
14 13 (1.40%) C
14 13 (1.40%) PL/SQL
15 12 (1.30%) Kotlin
16 11 (1.19%) Bash
17 9 (0.97%) Scala
18 8 (0.86%) Perl
18 8 (0.86%) VB.NET
Qualifications
1 123 (13.28%) Degree
2 105 (11.34%) Security Cleared
3 93 (10.04%) SC Cleared
4 80 (8.64%) Computer Science Degree
5 25 (2.70%) Master's Degree
6 22 (2.38%) Azure Certification
7 21 (2.27%) PMP
8 19 (2.05%) PMI Certification
9 10 (1.08%) BPSS Clearance
10 7 (0.76%) DV Cleared
11 5 (0.54%) TOGAF Certification
12 4 (0.43%) Numerate Degree
13 3 (0.32%) ITIL Certification
13 3 (0.32%) Microsoft Certification
14 2 (0.22%) OCP
14 2 (0.22%) Oracle Certification
15 1 (0.11%) CISM
15 1 (0.11%) CISSP
15 1 (0.11%) ISEB
15 1 (0.11%) SANS
Quality Assurance & Compliance
1 85 (9.18%) Accessibility
2 46 (4.97%) QA
3 35 (3.78%) WCAG
4 6 (0.65%) GDPR
5 4 (0.43%) Data Quality
5 4 (0.43%) GRC
6 3 (0.32%) Disclosure Scotland
6 3 (0.32%) NIST
6 3 (0.32%) SLA
7 2 (0.22%) HIPAA
8 1 (0.11%) ISO 20022
8 1 (0.11%) MiFID
8 1 (0.11%) Software Quality Assurance
System Software
1 66 (7.13%) Docker
2 46 (4.97%) Active Directory
3 18 (1.94%) Firmware
4 1 (0.11%) Hyper-V
4 1 (0.11%) VirtualBox
4 1 (0.11%) VMware Infrastructure
Systems Management
1 53 (5.72%) Kubernetes
2 19 (2.05%) Single Sign-On
3 9 (0.97%) Grafana
4 8 (0.86%) Terraform
5 7 (0.76%) Kibana
6 6 (0.65%) Ansible
7 4 (0.43%) logstash
7 4 (0.43%) Opsgenie
8 3 (0.32%) PingFederate
9 2 (0.22%) Istio
9 2 (0.22%) Prometheus
10 1 (0.11%) Progress Chef
10 1 (0.11%) Puppet
10 1 (0.11%) RSA Archer
10 1 (0.11%) Zipkin
Vendors
1 126 (13.61%) Microsoft
2 58 (6.26%) ServiceNow
3 55 (5.94%) Google
4 41 (4.43%) Oracle
5 40 (4.32%) Adobe
6 28 (3.02%) Salesforce
7 27 (2.92%) Atlassian
8 15 (1.62%) SAP
9 8 (0.86%) Optimizely
9 8 (0.86%) Salesforce Marketing Cloud
10 7 (0.76%) Red Hat
11 6 (0.65%) dotdigital
12 5 (0.54%) Dynatrace
12 5 (0.54%) Ensighten
12 5 (0.54%) Monetate
12 5 (0.54%) Omniture
12 5 (0.54%) PagerDuty
12 5 (0.54%) Splunk
12 5 (0.54%) Tealium
13 4 (0.43%) MuleSoft