CSS Job Trends

CSS (Cascading Style Sheets)
UK

The table below provides summary statistics and salary benchmarking for jobs requiring CSS skills. It covers permanent job vacancies from the 6 months leading up to 4 November 2025, with comparisons to the same periods in the previous two years.

6 months to
4 Nov 2025
Same period 2024 Same period 2023
Rank 121 61 61
Rank change year-on-year -60 0 -21
Permanent jobs citing CSS 1,170 2,522 2,384
As % of all permanent jobs in the UK 2.33% 3.73% 4.47%
As % of the Libraries, Frameworks & Software Standards category 15.16% 18.39% 16.47%
Number of salaries quoted 761 1,289 2,097
10th Percentile £27,500 £31,250 £36,250
25th Percentile £28,250 £41,250 £45,000
Median annual salary (50th Percentile) £50,000 £55,000 £57,500
Median % change year-on-year -9.09% -4.35% -
75th Percentile £70,000 £70,000 £75,000
90th Percentile £83,250 £82,500 £87,500
UK excluding London median annual salary £42,500 £52,000 £52,500
% change year-on-year -18.27% -0.95% -

All Software Libraries and Frameworks
UK

CSS falls under the Software Libraries and Frameworks category. For comparison with the information above, the following table provides summary statistics for all permanent job vacancies requiring technical specification, industry standards, software libraries and framework skills.

Permanent vacancies with a requirement for technical specification, industry standards, software libraries and framework skills 7,718 13,716 14,479
As % of all permanent jobs advertised in the UK 15.35% 20.28% 27.16%
Number of salaries quoted 5,038 8,273 11,875
10th Percentile £36,750 £38,750 £41,250
25th Percentile £50,000 £48,750 £50,500
Median annual salary (50th Percentile) £67,500 £65,000 £65,500
Median % change year-on-year +3.85% -0.76% +0.77%
75th Percentile £86,250 £85,000 £85,000
90th Percentile £115,000 £110,000 £106,250
UK excluding London median annual salary £57,500 £57,000 £57,500
% change year-on-year +0.88% -0.87% -

CSS
Job Vacancy Trend

Historical trend showing the proportion of permanent IT job postings citing CSS relative to all permanent IT jobs advertised.

CSS job vacancy trend in the UK

CSS
Salary Trend

Salary distribution trend for jobs in the UK citing CSS.

Salary distribution trend for jobs in the UK citing CSS

CSS
Salary Histogram

Salary distribution for jobs citing CSS over the 6 months to 4 November 2025.

Salary histogram for CSS in the UK

CSS
Top 17 Job Locations

The table below looks at the demand and provides a guide to the median salaries quoted in IT jobs citing CSS within the UK over the 6 months to 4 November 2025. The 'Rank Change' column provides an indication of the change in demand within each location based on the same 6 month period last year.

Location Rank Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Matching
Permanent
IT Job Ads
Median Salary
Past 6 Months
Median Salary
% Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Live
Jobs
England -63 1,021 £50,000 -9.09% 1,311
UK excluding London -72 799 £42,500 -18.27% 1,125
Work from Home -37 567 £52,500 -4.17% 511
North of England -39 286 £42,000 -16.00% 241
London -36 280 £65,000 - 483
North West -41 169 £47,500 -5.00% 147
South East -96 144 £42,500 -22.73% 411
Midlands -37 129 £45,000 -5.26% 142
Yorkshire -20 91 £37,500 -21.05% 66
East of England -31 87 £50,000 -16.67% 111
East Midlands -17 72 £46,250 +5.71% 58
South West -59 72 £40,000 -20.00% 110
Scotland -46 60 £30,500 -32.97% 56
West Midlands -31 58 £34,000 -35.24% 83
North East -12 26 £30,500 -53.08% 31
Wales -5 19 £67,500 +42.11% 40
Northern Ireland -18 3 £31,500 -33.68% 21

CSS
Co-Occurring Skills & Capabilities by Category

The following tables expand on the one above by listing co-occurrences grouped by category. They cover the same employment type, locality and period, with up to 20 co-occurrences shown in each category:

Application Platforms
1 120 (10.26%) Confluence
2 68 (5.81%) CMS
3 66 (5.64%) WordPress
4 18 (1.54%) IIS
5 17 (1.45%) SharePoint
6 12 (1.03%) Umbraco
7 10 (0.85%) Drupal
7 10 (0.85%) Headless CMS
8 9 (0.77%) Apache
9 6 (0.51%) nginx
10 5 (0.43%) Adobe Experience Manager
11 3 (0.26%) Mendix
12 2 (0.17%) ArcGIS
12 2 (0.17%) EPiServer
12 2 (0.17%) Sitecore CMS
13 1 (0.085%) Apache Solr
13 1 (0.085%) Appian
13 1 (0.085%) MetaMask
13 1 (0.085%) Oracle SOA Suite
13 1 (0.085%) SugarCRM
Applications
1 30 (2.56%) Adobe XD
2 29 (2.48%) Adobe Creative Suite
3 22 (1.88%) Microsoft Office
4 19 (1.62%) Adobe Illustrator
5 18 (1.54%) MS Visio
5 18 (1.54%) Photoshop
6 14 (1.20%) Sketch
7 8 (0.68%) AutoCAD
7 8 (0.68%) InDesign
7 8 (0.68%) SOLIDWORKS
8 7 (0.60%) Chatbot
8 7 (0.60%) Microsoft PowerPoint
9 4 (0.34%) InVision
10 3 (0.26%) Adobe After Effects
10 3 (0.26%) Adobe Premiere
10 3 (0.26%) Elementor
10 3 (0.26%) Microsoft Excel
11 1 (0.085%) CapCut
11 1 (0.085%) Spreadsheet
11 1 (0.085%) Windchill
Business Applications
1 21 (1.79%) Shopify
2 19 (1.62%) Dynamics CRM
3 12 (1.03%) Sprinklr
4 7 (0.60%) Magento
5 5 (0.43%) Payment Gateway
6 4 (0.34%) Sage 1000
7 3 (0.26%) SAP Business One
8 2 (0.17%) Elite 3E
8 2 (0.17%) Salesforce CRM
9 1 (0.085%) NetSuite
9 1 (0.085%) Oracle BPM
9 1 (0.085%) Teamcenter
Cloud Services
1 539 (46.07%) Azure
2 429 (36.67%) AWS
3 201 (17.18%) GitHub
4 139 (11.88%) GCP
5 73 (6.24%) Figma
6 72 (6.15%) Serverless
7 41 (3.50%) Google Analytics
7 41 (3.50%) SaaS
8 40 (3.42%) Azure DevOps
9 36 (3.08%) Power Platform
10 33 (2.82%) Azure Service Bus
11 29 (2.48%) Power Automate
12 24 (2.05%) Azure Cosmos DB
12 24 (2.05%) Azure Logic Apps
12 24 (2.05%) npm
12 24 (2.05%) PowerApps
13 22 (1.88%) Amazon S3
14 21 (1.79%) Amazon SQS
14 21 (1.79%) AWS Lambda
14 21 (1.79%) Azure Functions
Communications & Networking
1 126 (10.77%) Internet
2 10 (0.85%) HTTP
3 6 (0.51%) Ethernet
3 6 (0.51%) Modbus
3 6 (0.51%) MQTT
4 4 (0.34%) DNS
4 4 (0.34%) Intranet
5 2 (0.17%) Broadband
5 2 (0.17%) HTTPS
6 1 (0.085%) AMQP
6 1 (0.085%) Firewall
6 1 (0.085%) FTP
6 1 (0.085%) SSH
6 1 (0.085%) Wi-Fi
6 1 (0.085%) WPA
Database & Business Intelligence
1 319 (27.26%) SQL Server
2 139 (11.88%) MySQL
3 46 (3.93%) NoSQL
4 44 (3.76%) Relational Database
5 43 (3.68%) PostgreSQL
6 30 (2.56%) MongoDB
7 20 (1.71%) Elasticsearch
7 20 (1.71%) Power BI
8 19 (1.62%) Redis
9 12 (1.03%) SQL Server Reporting Services
10 11 (0.94%) Azure SQL Database
10 11 (0.94%) GIS
11 10 (0.85%) Data Warehouse
11 10 (0.85%) Looker
12 9 (0.77%) DynamoDB
13 8 (0.68%) Metadata
13 8 (0.68%) SQL Server Integration Services
14 6 (0.51%) Amazon RDS
14 6 (0.51%) Big Data
14 6 (0.51%) BigQuery
Development Applications
1 339 (28.97%) Git
2 223 (19.06%) JIRA
3 187 (15.98%) Selenium
4 180 (15.38%) Bitbucket
5 175 (14.96%) SonarQube
6 172 (14.70%) GitLab
6 172 (14.70%) Maven
7 171 (14.62%) Cucumber
8 167 (14.27%) Sonatype Nexus
9 49 (4.19%) webpack
10 45 (3.85%) Cypress.io
11 28 (2.39%) Visual Studio
12 27 (2.31%) Vite
13 23 (1.97%) Jenkins
14 18 (1.54%) Axure RP
15 16 (1.37%) TeamCity
16 13 (1.11%) Babel
17 12 (1.03%) gulp
17 12 (1.03%) Team Foundation Server
18 11 (0.94%) Octopus Deploy
General
1 354 (30.26%) Finance
2 317 (27.09%) Social Skills
3 239 (20.43%) Inclusion and Diversity
4 199 (17.01%) Banking
5 128 (10.94%) Multimedia
6 120 (10.26%) Law
7 117 (10.00%) Retail
8 115 (9.83%) Marketing
9 106 (9.06%) Analytical Skills
10 74 (6.32%) Investment Banking
11 69 (5.90%) Corporate Banking
12 40 (3.42%) Public Sector
13 31 (2.65%) Legal
14 21 (1.79%) Games
15 19 (1.62%) Advertising
16 15 (1.28%) Publishing
17 13 (1.11%) Manufacturing
17 13 (1.11%) Organisational Skills
18 8 (0.68%) Pharmaceutical
19 7 (0.60%) Automotive
Job Titles
1 584 (49.91%) Developer
2 240 (20.51%) Software Engineer
3 177 (15.13%) Senior
4 128 (10.94%) Full-Stack Developer
5 125 (10.68%) Senior Developer
6 120 (10.26%) Trainee
7 112 (9.57%) Software Developer
8 95 (8.12%) Front-End Developer (Client-Side Developer)
9 73 (6.24%) .NET Developer
10 65 (5.56%) Lead
11 56 (4.79%) Trainee Developer
12 55 (4.70%) Trainee Software Developer
13 49 (4.19%) Designer
14 46 (3.93%) C# Developer
14 46 (3.93%) PHP Developer
14 46 (3.93%) React Developer
15 43 (3.68%) Graduate
15 43 (3.68%) Graduate Developer
15 43 (3.68%) Senior Full-Stack Developer
16 37 (3.16%) IT Graduate
Libraries, Frameworks & Software Standards
1 1,043 (89.15%) HTML
2 510 (43.59%) React
3 249 (21.28%) .NET
4 224 (19.15%) HTML5
5 202 (17.26%) RESTful
6 191 (16.32%) Spring
7 190 (16.24%) CSS3
8 185 (15.81%) Kafka
9 184 (15.73%) Redux
10 182 (15.56%) Spring Boot
11 169 (14.44%) REST
12 168 (14.36%) JPA
13 136 (11.62%) Jest
14 127 (10.85%) AngularJS
15 124 (10.60%) ASP.NET
16 120 (10.26%) Sass
17 117 (10.00%) Node.js
18 105 (8.97%) Hibernate
19 90 (7.69%) Vue
20 85 (7.26%) jQuery
Miscellaneous
1 210 (17.95%) Product Ownership
2 170 (14.53%) Enterprise Software
3 31 (2.65%) Cloud Native
3 31 (2.65%) Mobile App
4 24 (2.05%) Algorithms
5 22 (1.88%) Analytical Mindset
6 21 (1.79%) Onboarding
7 18 (1.54%) Data Structures
8 14 (1.20%) Motion Graphics
8 14 (1.20%) Self-Motivation
9 13 (1.11%) Virtual Team
10 12 (1.03%) Data Centre
10 12 (1.03%) Legacy Systems
10 12 (1.03%) Social Media
11 11 (0.94%) Greenfield Project
12 10 (0.85%) Distributed Systems
13 9 (0.77%) Data Protection Act
14 8 (0.68%) Low-Code
14 8 (0.68%) W3C
15 7 (0.60%) Digital TV
Operating Systems
1 34 (2.91%) Linux
2 25 (2.14%) Windows
3 11 (0.94%) Android
4 10 (0.85%) Apple iOS
4 10 (0.85%) Windows Server
5 7 (0.60%) Unix
6 3 (0.26%) Mac OS
7 2 (0.17%) Solaris
8 1 (0.085%) Ubuntu
Processes & Methodologies
1 590 (50.43%) Agile
2 396 (33.85%) Full-Stack Development
3 367 (31.37%) Front End Development
4 346 (29.57%) User Experience
5 334 (28.55%) CI/CD
6 330 (28.21%) DevOps
7 307 (26.24%) Mentoring
8 293 (25.04%) Software Engineering
9 290 (24.79%) Problem-Solving
10 262 (22.39%) Test Automation
11 240 (20.51%) Microservices
11 240 (20.51%) SDLC
12 233 (19.91%) Continuous Improvement
13 217 (18.55%) Containerisation
14 216 (18.46%) Performance Optimisation
15 180 (15.38%) Clean Code
16 148 (12.65%) TDD
17 139 (11.88%) MVC
18 137 (11.71%) Responsive Web Design
19 128 (10.94%) Cybersecurity
Programming Languages
1 955 (81.62%) JavaScript
2 408 (34.87%) SQL
3 297 (25.38%) TypeScript
4 283 (24.19%) Java
5 253 (21.62%) C#
6 225 (19.23%) Python
7 132 (11.28%) PHP
8 65 (5.56%) R
9 40 (3.42%) C++
10 26 (2.22%) T-SQL
11 12 (1.03%) Perl
12 10 (0.85%) C
12 10 (0.85%) PL/SQL
12 10 (0.85%) Ruby
13 8 (0.68%) VB.NET
14 7 (0.60%) Bicep
14 7 (0.60%) Go
15 5 (0.43%) Objective-C
16 4 (0.34%) ActionScript 3.0
16 4 (0.34%) PowerShell
Qualifications
1 196 (16.75%) Degree
2 126 (10.77%) AWS Certification
3 124 (10.60%) Microsoft Certification
4 122 (10.43%) Azure Certification
5 120 (10.26%) AWS Certified Cloud Practitioner
6 106 (9.06%) Computer Science Degree
7 55 (4.70%) Security Cleared
8 32 (2.74%) SC Cleared
9 21 (1.79%) Master's Degree
10 15 (1.28%) DV Cleared
11 14 (1.20%) HND
12 6 (0.51%) AWS Certified Developer
12 6 (0.51%) BPSS Clearance
12 6 (0.51%) Chartered Engineer
12 6 (0.51%) HNC
13 5 (0.43%) DBS Check
14 4 (0.34%) AWS Certified Solutions Architect
14 4 (0.34%) ISTQB
15 2 (0.17%) CCA
15 2 (0.17%) ISEB
Quality Assurance & Compliance
1 254 (21.71%) QA
2 221 (18.89%) Accessibility
3 50 (4.27%) WCAG
4 43 (3.68%) GDPR
5 8 (0.68%) IEC 61131
6 5 (0.43%) Section 508
7 4 (0.34%) PERC
7 4 (0.34%) SLA
8 2 (0.17%) Data Quality
8 2 (0.17%) ISO/IEC 27001
9 1 (0.085%) Actionable Recommendations
9 1 (0.085%) MiFID
System Software
1 256 (21.88%) Docker
2 14 (1.20%) Active Directory
3 6 (0.51%) VMware ESXi
3 6 (0.51%) VMware Infrastructure
4 1 (0.085%) Firmware
Systems Management
1 221 (18.89%) Kubernetes
2 32 (2.74%) Terraform
3 6 (0.51%) Functional Safety
4 4 (0.34%) Single Sign-On
5 3 (0.26%) Grafana
6 1 (0.085%) Argo
6 1 (0.085%) cPanel
6 1 (0.085%) Microsoft Intune
6 1 (0.085%) Plesk
6 1 (0.085%) Prometheus
Vendors
1 244 (20.85%) Microsoft
2 165 (14.10%) Solace
3 78 (6.67%) Adobe
4 48 (4.10%) Google
5 33 (2.82%) ServiceNow
6 30 (2.56%) Oracle
7 28 (2.39%) Salesforce
8 14 (1.20%) Siemens
9 13 (1.11%) Cisco
10 9 (0.77%) Ahrefs
10 9 (0.77%) Apple
10 9 (0.77%) Guidewire
10 9 (0.77%) HubSpot
11 8 (0.68%) Allen-Bradley
11 8 (0.68%) Rollbar
11 8 (0.68%) Toshiba
12 7 (0.60%) Splunk
12 7 (0.60%) WooCommerce
13 6 (0.51%) AVEVA
13 6 (0.51%) VMware