CSS Job Trends

CSS (Cascading Style Sheets)
UK

The table below provides summary statistics and salary benchmarking for jobs requiring CSS skills. It covers vacancies from the 6 months leading up to 17 September 2025, with comparisons to the same periods in the previous two years.

6 months to
17 Sep 2025
Same period 2024 Same period 2023
Rank 134 57 62
Rank change year-on-year -77 +5 -25
Permanent jobs citing CSS 1,179 2,986 2,731
As % of all permanent jobs advertised in the UK 2.39% 3.84% 4.48%
As % of the Libraries, Frameworks & Software Standards category 14.91% 19.49% 16.48%
Number of salaries quoted 694 1,519 2,405
10th Percentile £26,500 £31,250 £35,950
25th Percentile £36,250 £41,000 £45,000
Median annual salary (50th Percentile) £55,000 £55,000 £57,500
Median % change year-on-year - -4.35% +2.68%
75th Percentile £73,750 £70,000 £75,000
90th Percentile £83,750 £81,250 £87,500
UK excluding London median annual salary £45,000 £50,000 £52,500
% change year-on-year -10.00% -4.76% +5.00%

All Software Libraries and Frameworks
UK

CSS falls under the Software Libraries and Frameworks category. For comparison with the information above, the following table provides summary statistics for all permanent job vacancies requiring technical specification, industry standards, software libraries and framework skills.

Permanent vacancies with a requirement for technical specification, industry standards, software libraries and framework skills 7,908 15,324 16,575
As % of all permanent jobs advertised in the UK 16.02% 19.68% 27.17%
Number of salaries quoted 5,026 9,795 13,526
10th Percentile £38,750 £38,750 £41,250
25th Percentile £51,250 £47,500 £51,250
Median annual salary (50th Percentile) £67,500 £65,000 £66,500
Median % change year-on-year +3.85% -2.26% +2.31%
75th Percentile £87,500 £83,750 £85,000
90th Percentile £115,000 £110,000 £106,250
UK excluding London median annual salary £57,500 £55,000 £57,500
% change year-on-year +4.55% -4.35% +4.55%

CSS
Job Vacancy Trend

Job postings citing CSS as a proportion of all IT jobs advertised.

Job vacancy trend for CSS in the UK

CSS
Salary Trend

Salary distribution trend for jobs in the UK citing CSS.

Salary distribution trend for jobs in the UK citing CSS

CSS
Salary Histogram

Salary distribution for jobs citing CSS over the 6 months to 17 September 2025.

Salary histogram for CSS in the UK

CSS
Top 17 Job Locations

The table below looks at the demand and provides a guide to the median salaries quoted in IT jobs citing CSS within the UK over the 6 months to 17 September 2025. The 'Rank Change' column provides an indication of the change in demand within each location based on the same 6 month period last year.

Location Rank Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Matching
Permanent
IT Job Ads
Median Salary
Past 6 Months
Median Salary
% Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Live
Jobs
England -83 1,014 £55,000 - 995
UK excluding London -86 783 £45,000 -10.00% 844
Work from Home -19 647 £55,000 +4.76% 336
London -22 303 £65,000 - 346
North of England -73 260 £47,500 -5.00% 202
North West -60 191 £52,500 +5.00% 102
Midlands -49 157 £46,250 +2.78% 140
South East -111 142 £42,500 -22.73% 267
East Midlands -28 90 £47,500 +5.56% 57
East of England -70 79 £50,000 -9.09% 85
Scotland -21 75 £50,000 -9.09% 40
West Midlands -31 68 £45,000 -5.26% 83
Yorkshire -56 55 £40,000 -20.00% 68
South West -70 49 £37,500 -26.83% 75
Wales -5 19 £67,500 -1.82% 40
North East -15 14 £30,500 -31.82% 37
Northern Ireland 0 3 £31,500 -33.68% 7

CSS
Co-occurring Skills and Capabilities by Category

The follow tables expand on the table above by listing co-occurrences grouped by category. The same employment type, locality and period is covered with up to 20 co-occurrences shown in each of the following categories:

Application Platforms
1 185 (15.69%) Confluence
2 81 (6.87%) CMS
3 55 (4.66%) WordPress
4 26 (2.21%) IIS
5 23 (1.95%) SharePoint
6 20 (1.70%) Headless CMS
7 17 (1.44%) Umbraco
8 11 (0.93%) Drupal
9 8 (0.68%) Apache
10 7 (0.59%) nginx
11 5 (0.42%) Adobe Experience Manager
12 4 (0.34%) EPiServer
12 4 (0.34%) Liferay
13 2 (0.17%) ArcGIS
13 2 (0.17%) NServiceBus
14 1 (0.085%) Documentum
14 1 (0.085%) JBoss
14 1 (0.085%) MetaMask
14 1 (0.085%) Microsoft Exchange
14 1 (0.085%) Oracle SOA Suite
Applications
1 36 (3.05%) Adobe XD
2 27 (2.29%) Adobe Creative Suite
2 27 (2.29%) Microsoft Office
3 21 (1.78%) Sketch
4 19 (1.61%) Adobe Illustrator
5 18 (1.53%) Photoshop
6 12 (1.02%) MS Visio
7 9 (0.76%) InVision
8 8 (0.68%) AutoCAD
8 8 (0.68%) SOLIDWORKS
9 6 (0.51%) InDesign
10 5 (0.42%) Microsoft PowerPoint
11 4 (0.34%) Adobe Premiere
12 3 (0.25%) Adobe After Effects
12 3 (0.25%) Elementor
13 2 (0.17%) Chatbot
13 2 (0.17%) Microsoft Excel
13 2 (0.17%) Trello
14 1 (0.085%) CapCut
14 1 (0.085%) Spreadsheet
Business Applications
1 21 (1.78%) Shopify
2 17 (1.44%) Dynamics CRM
3 12 (1.02%) Sprinklr
4 7 (0.59%) Magento
4 7 (0.59%) NetSuite
5 4 (0.34%) JDE OneWorld
5 4 (0.34%) Sage 1000
6 2 (0.17%) Elite 3E
6 2 (0.17%) Payment Gateway
6 2 (0.17%) Salesforce CRM
6 2 (0.17%) SAP Business One
7 1 (0.085%) Oracle BPM
7 1 (0.085%) Remedy ITSM
Cloud Services
1 533 (45.21%) Azure
2 446 (37.83%) AWS
3 205 (17.39%) GCP
4 89 (7.55%) GitHub
5 72 (6.11%) Figma
6 59 (5.00%) Serverless
7 45 (3.82%) Power Platform
8 42 (3.56%) Google Analytics
9 41 (3.48%) Azure DevOps
9 41 (3.48%) Azure Service Bus
9 41 (3.48%) SaaS
10 34 (2.88%) Power Automate
11 31 (2.63%) Azure Cosmos DB
11 31 (2.63%) PowerApps
12 26 (2.21%) npm
13 23 (1.95%) Azure Logic Apps
14 21 (1.78%) Dynamics 365
15 20 (1.70%) Cloudflare
16 19 (1.61%) AWS Lambda
17 18 (1.53%) Amazon S3
Communications & Networking
1 43 (3.65%) Internet
2 14 (1.19%) HTTP
3 7 (0.59%) DNS
4 6 (0.51%) Ethernet
4 6 (0.51%) Modbus
4 6 (0.51%) MQTT
5 4 (0.34%) Intranet
6 2 (0.17%) Broadband
7 1 (0.085%) Firewall
7 1 (0.085%) FTP
7 1 (0.085%) SSH
7 1 (0.085%) SSL
7 1 (0.085%) VPN
7 1 (0.085%) Wi-Fi
7 1 (0.085%) Wireshark
7 1 (0.085%) WPA
Database & Business Intelligence
1 399 (33.84%) SQL Server
2 138 (11.70%) MySQL
3 58 (4.92%) NoSQL
4 43 (3.65%) MongoDB
5 39 (3.31%) Relational Database
6 37 (3.14%) PostgreSQL
7 34 (2.88%) Elasticsearch
8 24 (2.04%) Power BI
9 22 (1.87%) Redis
10 18 (1.53%) SQL Server Reporting Services
11 15 (1.27%) GIS
12 11 (0.93%) Azure SQL Database
13 9 (0.76%) Metadata
13 9 (0.76%) SQL Server Integration Services
14 7 (0.59%) BigQuery
14 7 (0.59%) Looker
15 6 (0.51%) Big Data
15 6 (0.51%) Data Warehouse
16 5 (0.42%) Apache Cassandra
16 5 (0.42%) DynamoDB
Development Applications
1 313 (26.55%) JIRA
2 271 (22.99%) Git
3 266 (22.56%) Selenium
4 263 (22.31%) Bitbucket
5 258 (21.88%) GitLab
5 258 (21.88%) SonarQube
6 255 (21.63%) Maven
7 249 (21.12%) Cucumber
7 249 (21.12%) Sonatype Nexus
8 48 (4.07%) webpack
9 36 (3.05%) Cypress.io
10 29 (2.46%) Visual Studio
11 25 (2.12%) Vite
12 21 (1.78%) Team Foundation Server
13 20 (1.70%) Jenkins
14 19 (1.61%) Octopus Deploy
15 18 (1.53%) TeamCity
16 17 (1.44%) Axure RP
16 17 (1.44%) JUnit
17 16 (1.36%) MSBuild
General
1 458 (38.85%) Finance
2 320 (27.14%) Social Skills
3 309 (26.21%) Inclusion and Diversity
4 275 (23.32%) Banking
5 140 (11.87%) Retail
6 115 (9.75%) Law
7 111 (9.41%) Marketing
8 99 (8.40%) Investment Banking
9 93 (7.89%) Analytical Skills
10 90 (7.63%) Corporate Banking
11 46 (3.90%) Multimedia
12 44 (3.73%) Public Sector
13 32 (2.71%) Legal
14 25 (2.12%) Games
15 22 (1.87%) Advertising
16 13 (1.10%) Manufacturing
16 13 (1.10%) Publishing
17 11 (0.93%) Organisational Skills
18 9 (0.76%) Automotive
19 8 (0.68%) Pharmaceutical
Job Titles
1 547 (46.40%) Developer
2 319 (27.06%) Software Engineer
3 166 (14.08%) Senior
4 127 (10.77%) Full-Stack Developer
5 120 (10.18%) Senior Developer
6 88 (7.46%) Front-End Developer (Client-Side Developer)
7 70 (5.94%) Lead
8 68 (5.77%) Software Developer
9 61 (5.17%) .NET Developer
10 57 (4.83%) PHP Developer
11 49 (4.16%) C# Developer
12 48 (4.07%) Graduate
12 48 (4.07%) Graduate Developer
13 45 (3.82%) Designer
14 42 (3.56%) IT Graduate
14 42 (3.56%) Senior Full-Stack Developer
15 39 (3.31%) Trainee
16 38 (3.22%) React Developer
17 37 (3.14%) Front-End Engineer (Client-Side Engineer)
18 36 (3.05%) Consultant
Libraries, Frameworks & Software Standards
1 1,058 (89.74%) HTML
2 585 (49.62%) React
3 279 (23.66%) Spring
4 267 (22.65%) Redux
4 267 (22.65%) Spring Boot
5 265 (22.48%) Kafka
6 262 (22.22%) HTML5
7 251 (21.29%) JPA
8 235 (19.93%) .NET
9 228 (19.34%) RESTful
10 225 (19.08%) CSS3
11 201 (17.05%) REST
12 171 (14.50%) Hibernate
13 157 (13.32%) Jest
14 146 (12.38%) Sass
15 136 (11.54%) ASP.NET
16 134 (11.37%) AngularJS
17 116 (9.84%) Node.js
18 104 (8.82%) jQuery
19 87 (7.38%) JSON
Miscellaneous
1 284 (24.09%) Product Ownership
2 255 (21.63%) Enterprise Software
3 41 (3.48%) Mobile App
4 38 (3.22%) Cloud Native
5 28 (2.37%) Algorithms
6 25 (2.12%) Onboarding
7 19 (1.61%) Virtual Team
8 17 (1.44%) Distributed Systems
8 17 (1.44%) Self-Motivation
9 16 (1.36%) Analytical Mindset
10 13 (1.10%) Legacy Systems
10 13 (1.10%) Motion Graphics
11 11 (0.93%) Driving Licence
12 10 (0.85%) Data Centre
13 9 (0.76%) Social Media
13 9 (0.76%) W3C
14 8 (0.68%) Animation
14 8 (0.68%) Data Protection Act
14 8 (0.68%) IoT
14 8 (0.68%) Management Information System
Operating Systems
1 39 (3.31%) Linux
2 25 (2.12%) Windows
3 9 (0.76%) Windows Server
4 6 (0.51%) Unix
5 4 (0.34%) Android
6 3 (0.25%) Apple iOS
6 3 (0.25%) Ubuntu
7 2 (0.17%) Solaris
8 1 (0.085%) CentOS
8 1 (0.085%) Debian
8 1 (0.085%) Mac OS
Processes & Methodologies
1 675 (57.25%) Agile
2 466 (39.53%) Full-Stack Development
3 435 (36.90%) Front End Development
4 410 (34.78%) DevOps
5 398 (33.76%) CI/CD
6 383 (32.49%) Software Engineering
7 353 (29.94%) Microservices
8 347 (29.43%) Test Automation
9 344 (29.18%) User Experience
10 321 (27.23%) SDLC
11 299 (25.36%) Performance Optimisation
12 297 (25.19%) Containerisation
13 291 (24.68%) Problem-Solving
14 278 (23.58%) Continuous Improvement
15 249 (21.12%) Mentoring
16 240 (20.36%) Clean Code
17 213 (18.07%) TDD
18 159 (13.49%) Responsive Web Design
19 143 (12.13%) MVC
20 135 (11.45%) Computer Science
Programming Languages
1 984 (83.46%) JavaScript
2 512 (43.43%) SQL
3 382 (32.40%) Java
4 332 (28.16%) TypeScript
5 257 (21.80%) C#
6 147 (12.47%) PHP
7 138 (11.70%) Python
8 46 (3.90%) C++
9 29 (2.46%) T-SQL
10 25 (2.12%) R
11 14 (1.19%) C
12 12 (1.02%) Perl
13 10 (0.85%) Bicep
14 8 (0.68%) PowerShell
14 8 (0.68%) VB.NET
15 7 (0.59%) Go
16 6 (0.51%) Ruby
17 5 (0.42%) Objective-C
18 4 (0.34%) ActionScript
18 4 (0.34%) VBA
Qualifications
1 198 (16.79%) Degree
2 112 (9.50%) Computer Science Degree
3 56 (4.75%) Security Cleared
4 48 (4.07%) Microsoft Certification
5 46 (3.90%) AWS Certification
6 45 (3.82%) Azure Certification
7 43 (3.65%) SC Cleared
8 39 (3.31%) AWS Certified Cloud Practitioner
9 16 (1.36%) Master's Degree
10 14 (1.19%) HND
11 9 (0.76%) DV Cleared
12 7 (0.59%) AWS Certified Developer
13 6 (0.51%) Chartered Engineer
13 6 (0.51%) HNC
14 4 (0.34%) AWS Certified Solutions Architect
14 4 (0.34%) ISTQB
15 3 (0.25%) BPSS Clearance
15 3 (0.25%) DBS Check
16 2 (0.17%) ISTQB Foundation Certification
16 2 (0.17%) TOGAF Certification
Quality Assurance & Compliance
1 326 (27.65%) QA
2 233 (19.76%) Accessibility
3 54 (4.58%) WCAG
4 53 (4.50%) GDPR
5 8 (0.68%) IEC 61131
6 4 (0.34%) Actionable Recommendations
6 4 (0.34%) Software Quality Assurance
7 3 (0.25%) Section 508
7 3 (0.25%) SLA
8 2 (0.17%) Data Quality
8 2 (0.17%) ISO/IEC 27001
9 1 (0.085%) HL7
9 1 (0.085%) MiFID
System Software
1 337 (28.58%) Docker
2 10 (0.85%) Active Directory
3 6 (0.51%) VMware ESXi
3 6 (0.51%) VMware Infrastructure
4 1 (0.085%) Firmware
Systems Management
1 303 (25.70%) Kubernetes
2 22 (1.87%) Terraform
3 7 (0.59%) Single Sign-On
4 6 (0.51%) Functional Safety
4 6 (0.51%) Grafana
5 2 (0.17%) Prometheus
6 1 (0.085%) HP Quality Center
6 1 (0.085%) HP UCMDB
6 1 (0.085%) Microsoft Intune
Vendors
1 247 (20.95%) Solace
2 161 (13.66%) Microsoft
3 90 (7.63%) Adobe
4 60 (5.09%) Google
5 33 (2.80%) ServiceNow
6 27 (2.29%) Oracle
7 25 (2.12%) Salesforce
8 19 (1.61%) Cisco
9 14 (1.19%) Siemens
10 12 (1.02%) Rollbar
11 11 (0.93%) Meraki
11 11 (0.93%) Splunk
12 10 (0.85%) Ahrefs
13 9 (0.76%) Apple
13 9 (0.76%) Dynatrace
14 8 (0.68%) Allen-Bradley
14 8 (0.68%) HubSpot
14 8 (0.68%) Toshiba
15 7 (0.59%) Guidewire
15 7 (0.59%) WooCommerce