CSS (Cascading Style Sheets)
UK

The table below provides summary statistics for permanent job vacancies requiring CSS skills. It includes a benchmarking guide to the annual salaries offered in vacancies that cited CSS over the 6 months leading up to 30 April 2025, comparing them to the same period in the previous two years.

6 months to
30 Apr 2025
Same period 2024 Same period 2023
Rank 114 57 43
Rank change year-on-year -57 -14 -8
Permanent jobs citing CSS 1,313 4,115 6,599
As % of all permanent jobs advertised in the UK 2.52% 4.18% 6.35%
As % of the Libraries, Frameworks & Software Standards category 15.46% 19.55% 20.98%
Number of salaries quoted 1,049 2,881 3,346
10th Percentile £31,250 £31,500 £37,039
25th Percentile £38,750 £38,750 £44,063
Median annual salary (50th Percentile) £55,000 £52,500 £57,500
Median % change year-on-year +4.76% -8.70% +4.55%
75th Percentile £75,000 £68,750 £76,250
90th Percentile £87,500 £81,250 £92,500
UK excluding London median annual salary £52,500 £50,000 £52,500
% change year-on-year +5.00% -4.76% +8.25%

All Software Libraries and Frameworks
UK

CSS falls under the Software Libraries and Frameworks category. For comparison with the information above, the following table provides summary statistics for all permanent job vacancies requiring technical specification, industry standards, software libraries and framework skills.

Permanent vacancies with a requirement for technical specification, industry standards, software libraries and framework skills 8,493 21,046 31,450
As % of all permanent jobs advertised in the UK 16.28% 21.40% 30.24%
Number of salaries quoted 6,474 15,738 19,371
10th Percentile £38,750 £36,250 £41,117
25th Percentile £50,509 £45,000 £50,000
Median annual salary (50th Percentile) £65,000 £60,000 £67,500
Median % change year-on-year +8.33% -11.11% +8.00%
75th Percentile £87,500 £79,900 £87,500
90th Percentile £111,250 £100,000 £106,250
UK excluding London median annual salary £60,000 £55,000 £57,500
% change year-on-year +9.09% -4.35% +4.55%

CSS
Job Vacancy Trend

Job postings citing CSS as a proportion of all IT jobs advertised.

Job vacancy trend for CSS in the UK

CSS
Salary Trend

3-month moving average salary quoted in jobs citing CSS.

Salary trend for CSS in the UK

CSS
Salary Histogram

Salary distribution for jobs citing CSS over the 6 months to 30 April 2025.

Salary histogram for CSS in the UK

CSS
Top 17 Job Locations

The table below looks at the demand and provides a guide to the median salaries quoted in IT jobs citing CSS within the UK over the 6 months to 30 April 2025. The 'Rank Change' column provides an indication of the change in demand within each location based on the same 6 month period last year.

Location Rank Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Matching
Permanent
IT Job Ads
Median Salary
Past 6 Months
Median Salary
% Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Live
Jobs
England -64 1,123 £55,000 +4.76% 939
UK excluding London -74 852 £52,500 +5.00% 633
Work from Home -20 588 £56,500 +2.73% 686
London -34 363 £70,000 - 353
South East -56 215 £60,000 +9.09% 128
North of England -94 212 £45,000 -5.26% 215
North West -104 141 £50,000 - 145
Midlands -75 125 £45,000 - 110
Scotland 0 111 £60,000 - 29
South West -39 101 £60,000 +20.00% 63
East of England -56 70 £41,300 -17.40% 71
West Midlands -45 69 £50,000 +5.26% 69
East Midlands -55 55 £40,000 -11.11% 38
Yorkshire -33 53 £37,500 -16.67% 56
Wales -27 19 £53,000 +6.00% 28
North East +11 18 £46,250 +8.82% 16
Northern Ireland -16 1 - - 6

CSS
Co-occurring Skills and Capabilities by Category

The follow tables expand on the table above by listing co-occurrences grouped by category. The same employment type, locality and period is covered with up to 20 co-occurrences shown in each of the following categories:

Application Platforms
1 156 (11.88%) CMS
2 83 (6.32%) WordPress
3 45 (3.43%) Umbraco
4 43 (3.27%) SharePoint
5 34 (2.59%) Apache
6 24 (1.83%) Drupal
7 20 (1.52%) Headless CMS
8 19 (1.45%) Confluence
9 16 (1.22%) nginx
10 14 (1.07%) IIS
11 5 (0.38%) Liferay
11 5 (0.38%) Sitecore CMS
12 4 (0.30%) Joomla!
12 4 (0.30%) NServiceBus
13 3 (0.23%) Apache Solr
13 3 (0.23%) ColdFusion
13 3 (0.23%) Kentico
13 3 (0.23%) Sitefinity
13 3 (0.23%) Strapi
14 2 (0.15%) Jadu
Applications
1 41 (3.12%) Adobe XD
2 29 (2.21%) Sketch
3 20 (1.52%) Microsoft Office
4 13 (0.99%) Photoshop
5 10 (0.76%) Adobe Illustrator
6 9 (0.69%) Adobe Creative Suite
7 8 (0.61%) InVision
8 6 (0.46%) Microsoft Excel
8 6 (0.46%) MS Visio
9 5 (0.38%) Trello
10 4 (0.30%) Adobe Premiere
11 3 (0.23%) Chatbot
11 3 (0.23%) Notion
12 2 (0.15%) Microsoft Project
13 1 (0.076%) Adobe After Effects
13 1 (0.076%) Zeplin
Business Applications
1 32 (2.44%) Shopify
2 29 (2.21%) Dynamics CRM
2 29 (2.21%) NetSuite
3 18 (1.37%) Sage 200
3 18 (1.37%) Sage 50
4 15 (1.14%) Magento
5 11 (0.84%) JDE OneWorld
6 10 (0.76%) Payment Gateway
7 4 (0.30%) Adobe Campaign
8 2 (0.15%) Oracle BPM
9 1 (0.076%) CiviCRM
9 1 (0.076%) Remedy ITSM
9 1 (0.076%) Salesforce CRM
Cloud Services
1 379 (28.87%) Azure
2 255 (19.42%) AWS
3 117 (8.91%) GCP
4 111 (8.45%) Azure DevOps
5 106 (8.07%) GitHub
6 76 (5.79%) Power Platform
6 76 (5.79%) Serverless
7 75 (5.71%) SaaS
8 70 (5.33%) Figma
9 64 (4.87%) Azure Service Bus
10 48 (3.66%) Google Analytics
11 45 (3.43%) Azure Cosmos DB
12 44 (3.35%) PowerApps
13 43 (3.27%) Power Automate
14 37 (2.82%) Dynamics 365
15 35 (2.67%) SonarCloud
16 28 (2.13%) Azure Logic Apps
17 26 (1.98%) AWS Lambda
18 24 (1.83%) Azure Functions
19 23 (1.75%) Microsoft 365
Communications & Networking
1 23 (1.75%) Intranet
2 19 (1.45%) Internet
3 14 (1.07%) HTTP
4 9 (0.69%) Wi-Fi
5 7 (0.53%) Bluetooth
6 5 (0.38%) Network Security
7 4 (0.30%) DNS
8 3 (0.23%) SMS
8 3 (0.23%) TCP/IP
9 2 (0.15%) Broadband
9 2 (0.15%) LoRaWAN
9 2 (0.15%) Value-Added Service
9 2 (0.15%) Wireshark
10 1 (0.076%) FTP
10 1 (0.076%) Kerberos
10 1 (0.076%) Multicast
10 1 (0.076%) SSL
10 1 (0.076%) VoIP
10 1 (0.076%) VPN
10 1 (0.076%) WPA
Database & Business Intelligence
1 240 (18.28%) SQL Server
2 225 (17.14%) MySQL
3 68 (5.18%) PostgreSQL
4 60 (4.57%) Relational Database
5 57 (4.34%) NoSQL
6 55 (4.19%) Elasticsearch
7 47 (3.58%) MongoDB
8 35 (2.67%) Power BI
9 27 (2.06%) Redis
10 23 (1.75%) Azure SQL Database
11 17 (1.29%) SQL Server Reporting Services
12 13 (0.99%) BigQuery
13 10 (0.76%) SQL Server Integration Services
13 10 (0.76%) Tableau
14 8 (0.61%) Data Lake
15 7 (0.53%) Looker
16 6 (0.46%) Big Data
16 6 (0.46%) Data Mining
16 6 (0.46%) MariaDB
17 5 (0.38%) Oracle Database
Development Applications
1 402 (30.62%) Git
2 90 (6.85%) Visual Studio
3 74 (5.64%) JIRA
4 60 (4.57%) webpack
5 51 (3.88%) Jenkins
6 42 (3.20%) Octopus Deploy
7 40 (3.05%) MSBuild
8 36 (2.74%) Team Foundation Server
9 33 (2.51%) Jasmine
10 26 (1.98%) Eclipse
10 26 (1.98%) Eclipse RCP
10 26 (1.98%) Selenium
11 22 (1.68%) TeamCity
12 21 (1.60%) Babel
13 20 (1.52%) Cypress.io
13 20 (1.52%) Karma Test Runner
13 20 (1.52%) Postman
13 20 (1.52%) Visual Studio Code
14 15 (1.14%) GitLab
15 14 (1.07%) Vite
General
1 361 (27.49%) Social Skills
2 273 (20.79%) Finance
3 111 (8.45%) Marketing
4 109 (8.30%) Retail
5 84 (6.40%) Analytical Skills
6 79 (6.02%) Games
7 59 (4.49%) Inclusion and Diversity
8 54 (4.11%) Banking
9 47 (3.58%) Public Sector
10 33 (2.51%) Manufacturing
11 30 (2.28%) Law
12 26 (1.98%) Legal
13 17 (1.29%) Advertising
14 16 (1.22%) Automotive
15 14 (1.07%) Investment Banking
15 14 (1.07%) Organisational Skills
16 13 (0.99%) Front Office
17 12 (0.91%) Publishing
18 10 (0.76%) iGaming
19 7 (0.53%) Presentation Skills
Job Titles
1 836 (63.67%) Developer
2 308 (23.46%) Senior
3 196 (14.93%) Senior Developer
4 162 (12.34%) Front-End Developer (Client-Side Developer)
5 130 (9.90%) Software Engineer
6 113 (8.61%) Full-Stack Developer
7 111 (8.45%) PHP Developer
8 110 (8.38%) Lead
9 92 (7.01%) .NET Developer
10 77 (5.86%) Junior
11 73 (5.56%) Architect
12 63 (4.80%) Web Developer
13 58 (4.42%) Senior Software Engineer
14 55 (4.19%) React Developer
15 53 (4.04%) C# Developer
15 53 (4.04%) Lead Developer
16 48 (3.66%) Junior Developer
16 48 (3.66%) Senior Front-End Developer
17 45 (3.43%) Technical Architect
18 44 (3.35%) JavaScript Developer
Libraries, Frameworks & Software Standards
1 1,192 (90.78%) HTML
2 447 (34.04%) React
3 395 (30.08%) .NET
4 274 (20.87%) HTML5
5 216 (16.45%) AngularJS
6 193 (14.70%) ASP.NET
7 187 (14.24%) jQuery
8 178 (13.56%) RESTful
9 169 (12.87%) CSS3
10 154 (11.73%) .NET Framework
11 142 (10.81%) REST
12 137 (10.43%) Laravel
13 135 (10.28%) Vue
14 130 (9.90%) JSON
15 129 (9.82%) Node.js
16 123 (9.37%) XML
17 115 (8.76%) .NET Core
18 108 (8.23%) Bootstrap
18 108 (8.23%) Web Services
19 81 (6.17%) Sass
Miscellaneous
1 120 (9.14%) Mobile App
2 44 (3.35%) Product Ownership
3 37 (2.82%) Virtual Team
4 32 (2.44%) Cloud Native
5 30 (2.28%) NHS
6 28 (2.13%) Greenfield Project
7 20 (1.52%) Algorithms
8 17 (1.29%) Client/Server
9 15 (1.14%) Data Structures
9 15 (1.14%) Marketing Technology
9 15 (1.14%) Team-Oriented Environment
10 14 (1.07%) Analytical Mindset
10 14 (1.07%) Foreign Exchange (FX)
10 14 (1.07%) Management Information System
10 14 (1.07%) Self-Motivation
11 13 (0.99%) Hedge funds
12 12 (0.91%) Low-Code
12 12 (0.91%) Social Media
13 10 (0.76%) Educational Technology
13 10 (0.76%) Legacy Systems
Operating Systems
1 72 (5.48%) Linux
2 61 (4.65%) Windows
3 19 (1.45%) Android
4 16 (1.22%) Apple iOS
5 10 (0.76%) Windows Server
6 7 (0.53%) Ubuntu
6 7 (0.53%) Unix
7 1 (0.076%) CentOS
7 1 (0.076%) Debian
7 1 (0.076%) Red Hat Enterprise Linux
7 1 (0.076%) Rocky
7 1 (0.076%) Windows 10
7 1 (0.076%) Windows Server 2012
Processes & Methodologies
1 459 (34.96%) Agile
2 356 (27.11%) Problem-Solving
3 299 (22.77%) User Experience
4 285 (21.71%) Web Development
5 279 (21.25%) MVC
6 276 (21.02%) Front End Development
7 252 (19.19%) Software Engineering
8 247 (18.81%) Full-Stack Development
9 234 (17.82%) DevOps
10 232 (17.67%) E-Commerce
11 211 (16.07%) OOP
12 182 (13.86%) OO
13 175 (13.33%) Microservices
14 162 (12.34%) Computer Science
14 162 (12.34%) Mentoring
15 161 (12.26%) UX Design
16 157 (11.96%) CI/CD
17 137 (10.43%) Analytics
18 132 (10.05%) Code Quality
19 119 (9.06%) Design Patterns
Programming Languages
1 1,044 (79.51%) JavaScript
2 453 (34.50%) C#
3 401 (30.54%) SQL
4 309 (23.53%) TypeScript
5 304 (23.15%) PHP
6 169 (12.87%) Java
7 154 (11.73%) Python
8 65 (4.95%) C++
9 31 (2.36%) C
10 28 (2.13%) T-SQL
11 27 (2.06%) PowerShell
12 24 (1.83%) Ada
13 23 (1.75%) Rust
14 13 (0.99%) Ruby
15 10 (0.76%) Go
15 10 (0.76%) VB.NET
16 8 (0.61%) Bash
16 8 (0.61%) Shell Script
17 6 (0.46%) Objective-C
17 6 (0.46%) R
Qualifications
1 284 (21.63%) Degree
2 123 (9.37%) Computer Science Degree
3 53 (4.04%) Security Cleared
4 39 (2.97%) SC Cleared
5 32 (2.44%) BPSS Clearance
6 17 (1.29%) Master's Degree
7 15 (1.14%) Microsoft Certification
8 7 (0.53%) DBS Check
9 6 (0.46%) DV Cleared
10 5 (0.38%) Azure Certification
11 3 (0.23%) ISTQB
11 3 (0.23%) ISTQB Foundation Certification
12 2 (0.15%) CISSP
12 2 (0.15%) HND
12 2 (0.15%) ITIL Foundation Certificate
12 2 (0.15%) TOGAF Certification
13 1 (0.076%) AWS Certification
13 1 (0.076%) AWS Certified Developer
13 1 (0.076%) ITIL Certification
13 1 (0.076%) Numerate Degree
Quality Assurance & Compliance
1 149 (11.35%) Accessibility
2 74 (5.64%) GDPR
3 65 (4.95%) WCAG
4 58 (4.42%) QA
5 6 (0.46%) Actionable Recommendations
5 6 (0.46%) ISO/IEC 27001
6 5 (0.38%) Data Quality
6 5 (0.38%) Software Quality Assurance
7 2 (0.15%) GRC
7 2 (0.15%) NCSC
7 2 (0.15%) PCI DSS
7 2 (0.15%) WAI
8 1 (0.076%) HL7
8 1 (0.076%) ISO 9001
8 1 (0.076%) MiFID
8 1 (0.076%) SLA
8 1 (0.076%) SOC 2
System Software
1 144 (10.97%) Docker
2 8 (0.61%) Active Directory
3 1 (0.076%) NDS
3 1 (0.076%) Virtual Machines
Systems Management
1 73 (5.56%) Kubernetes
2 23 (1.75%) Single Sign-On
3 11 (0.84%) Terraform
4 7 (0.53%) Grafana
5 5 (0.38%) CA Endevor
6 2 (0.15%) HP Quality Center
6 2 (0.15%) Istio
6 2 (0.15%) Kibana
6 2 (0.15%) Marathon
6 2 (0.15%) MIIS
6 2 (0.15%) Prometheus
6 2 (0.15%) Systems Management Server (SMS)
7 1 (0.076%) CA Single Sign-On
7 1 (0.076%) cPanel
7 1 (0.076%) HP UCMDB
7 1 (0.076%) logstash
7 1 (0.076%) Microsoft Intune
7 1 (0.076%) PingFederate
7 1 (0.076%) SCCM
Vendors
1 190 (14.47%) Microsoft
2 83 (6.32%) Google
3 82 (6.25%) Adobe
4 28 (2.13%) Salesforce
5 23 (1.75%) HP
5 23 (1.75%) Oracle
6 22 (1.68%) Twitter
7 21 (1.60%) Sage
8 20 (1.52%) WooCommerce
9 16 (1.22%) ServiceNow
10 12 (0.91%) Optimizely
10 12 (0.91%) SAP
11 11 (0.84%) Ahrefs
11 11 (0.84%) Dell
12 10 (0.76%) New Relic
13 9 (0.69%) MuleSoft
14 7 (0.53%) Atlassian
14 7 (0.53%) HubSpot
15 6 (0.46%) Siemens
15 6 (0.46%) Xamarin