CSS (Cascading Style Sheets)
UK

The following table provides summary statistics for permanent job vacancies with a requirement for CSS skills. Included is a benchmarking guide to the salaries offered in vacancies that have cited CSS over the 6 months to 2 December 2023 with a comparison to the same period in the previous 2 years.

6 months to
2 Dec 2023
Same period 2022 Same period 2021
Rank 67 41 30
Rank change year-on-year -26 -11 -10
Permanent jobs citing CSS 2,272 8,168 10,561
As % of all permanent jobs advertised in the UK 4.26% 6.52% 8.17%
As % of the Libraries, Frameworks & Software Standards category 16.15% 20.10% 21.07%
Number of salaries quoted 1,947 4,301 6,584
10th Percentile £37,500 £35,744 £32,500
25th Percentile £45,000 £43,750 £40,000
Median annual salary (50th Percentile) £60,000 £57,500 £52,500
Median % change year-on-year +4.35% +9.52% +5.00%
75th Percentile £75,000 £75,000 £67,500
90th Percentile £87,500 £90,000 £81,250
UK excluding London median annual salary £55,000 £52,500 £47,500
% change year-on-year +4.76% +10.53% +5.56%

All Software Libraries and Frameworks
UK

CSS is in the Software Libraries and Frameworks category. The following table is for comparison with the above and provides summary statistics for all permanent job vacancies with a requirement for technical specification, industry standards, software libraries and framework skills.

Permanent vacancies with a requirement for technical specification, industry standards, software libraries and framework skills 14,064 40,646 50,113
As % of all permanent jobs advertised in the UK 26.36% 32.43% 38.75%
Number of salaries quoted 11,002 24,675 32,177
10th Percentile £41,250 £40,000 £36,750
25th Percentile £51,250 £50,000 £45,000
Median annual salary (50th Percentile) £67,125 £65,000 £60,000
Median % change year-on-year +3.27% +8.33% +4.35%
75th Percentile £85,000 £86,250 £80,000
90th Percentile £106,250 £105,000 £96,250
UK excluding London median annual salary £57,500 £57,500 £52,500
% change year-on-year - +9.52% +5.00%

CSS
Job Vacancy Trend

Job postings citing CSS as a proportion of all IT jobs advertised.

Job vacancy trend for CSS in the UK

CSS
Salary Trend

3-month moving average salary quoted in jobs citing CSS.

Salary trend for CSS in the UK

CSS
Salary Histogram

Salary distribution for jobs citing CSS over the 6 months to 2 December 2023.

Salary histogram for CSS in the UK

CSS
Top 17 Job Locations

The table below looks at the demand and provides a guide to the median salaries quoted in IT jobs citing CSS within the UK over the 6 months to 2 December 2023. The 'Rank Change' column provides an indication of the change in demand within each location based on the same 6 month period last year.

Location Rank Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Matching
Permanent
IT Job Ads
Median Salary
Past 6 Months
Median Salary
% Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Live
Jobs
England -28 1,960 £60,000 +4.35% 946
UK excluding London -29 1,491 £55,000 +4.76% 717
Work from Home -25 1,176 £60,000 +4.35% 628
London -23 668 £70,000 - 323
South East -12 408 £52,500 - 195
North of England -34 358 £52,500 +5.00% 216
Midlands -20 220 £55,000 - 88
Yorkshire -8 171 £54,000 +8.00% 83
North West -45 171 £50,000 -9.09% 113
South West -46 162 £50,000 +11.11% 86
Scotland -16 149 £62,500 +25.00% 48
West Midlands -35 115 £57,500 +4.55% 52
East of England +2 109 £60,000 +20.00% 52
East Midlands -12 105 £52,500 +5.00% 36
Wales -6 60 £50,000 -4.76% 39
Northern Ireland -23 25 £42,500 -15.42% 12
North East -8 16 £47,500 +1.06% 24

CSS
Co-occurring Skills and Capabilities by Category

The follow tables expand on the table above by listing co-occurrences grouped by category. The same employment type, locality and period is covered with up to 20 co-occurrences shown in each of the following categories:

Application Platforms
1 123 (5.41%) CMS
2 91 (4.01%) WordPress
3 52 (2.29%) Umbraco
4 46 (2.02%) Confluence
5 42 (1.85%) IIS
6 34 (1.50%) SharePoint
7 27 (1.19%) Tomcat
8 24 (1.06%) Drupal
9 19 (0.84%) Jetty
10 18 (0.79%) Apache
11 15 (0.66%) nginx
12 11 (0.48%) Apache Solr
13 10 (0.44%) Sitecore CMS
14 9 (0.40%) Headless CMS
15 8 (0.35%) Joomla!
15 8 (0.35%) OpenEdge
16 7 (0.31%) Apache Spark
16 7 (0.31%) Kentico
17 6 (0.26%) Oracle SOA Suite
17 6 (0.26%) SharePoint 2013
Applications
1 22 (0.97%) Photoshop
2 19 (0.84%) Adobe Illustrator
2 19 (0.84%) Adobe XD
2 19 (0.84%) Sketch
3 12 (0.53%) Adobe Creative Suite
4 9 (0.40%) Microsoft Excel
5 7 (0.31%) InDesign
6 6 (0.26%) InVision
6 6 (0.26%) Microsoft Office
7 5 (0.22%) Microsoft PowerPoint
8 4 (0.18%) Trello
9 3 (0.13%) Adobe Premiere
9 3 (0.13%) Chatbot
9 3 (0.13%) FileZilla
9 3 (0.13%) MS Visio
9 3 (0.13%) Simulink
10 2 (0.088%) Adobe After Effects
10 2 (0.088%) Mathcad
10 2 (0.088%) Spreadsheet
11 1 (0.044%) Final Cut Pro
Business Applications
1 83 (3.65%) Dynamics CRM
2 34 (1.50%) Magento
3 24 (1.06%) Remedy ITSM
4 16 (0.70%) Shopify
5 6 (0.26%) Maximo
6 5 (0.22%) Payment Gateway
7 4 (0.18%) Dynamics GP
8 3 (0.13%) Dynamics NAV
8 3 (0.13%) Salesforce CRM
9 2 (0.088%) Oracle Cash Management
10 1 (0.044%) Adobe Campaign
10 1 (0.044%) Eloqua
10 1 (0.044%) NetSuite
10 1 (0.044%) PlanetPress Connect
10 1 (0.044%) Unica
Cloud Services
1 572 (25.18%) Azure
2 338 (14.88%) AWS
3 226 (9.95%) Azure DevOps
4 217 (9.55%) SaaS
5 137 (6.03%) Power Platform
6 127 (5.59%) GitHub
7 108 (4.75%) Dynamics 365
8 79 (3.48%) GCP
9 70 (3.08%) Serverless
10 51 (2.24%) Amazon EC2
11 47 (2.07%) Figma
12 36 (1.58%) npm
13 35 (1.54%) Azure Functions
13 35 (1.54%) PowerApps
14 32 (1.41%) Azure Logic Apps
15 27 (1.19%) Azure Cosmos DB
16 25 (1.10%) Amazon S3
16 25 (1.10%) Google Analytics
17 23 (1.01%) AWS Lambda
18 21 (0.92%) Cloud Computing
Communications & Networking
1 59 (2.60%) Internet
2 33 (1.45%) SSL
3 27 (1.19%) HTTP
4 25 (1.10%) VPN
5 23 (1.01%) LAN
5 23 (1.01%) WAN
6 11 (0.48%) AMQP
7 8 (0.35%) DNS
7 8 (0.35%) Intranet
8 7 (0.31%) Firewall
8 7 (0.31%) SSH
8 7 (0.31%) TCP/IP
9 5 (0.22%) FTP
10 3 (0.13%) Intrusion Detection
10 3 (0.13%) Modbus
10 3 (0.13%) RTP
11 2 (0.088%) IGMP
11 2 (0.088%) MQTT
11 2 (0.088%) Multicast
11 2 (0.088%) VLAN
Database & Business Intelligence
1 468 (20.60%) SQL Server
2 304 (13.38%) MySQL
3 165 (7.26%) PostgreSQL
4 143 (6.29%) MongoDB
5 136 (5.99%) Relational Database
6 115 (5.06%) Power BI
7 105 (4.62%) NoSQL
8 40 (1.76%) Elasticsearch
9 38 (1.67%) Amazon RDS
10 37 (1.63%) SQL Server Integration Services
11 35 (1.54%) Redis
12 31 (1.36%) Big Data
13 27 (1.19%) RDBMS
14 26 (1.14%) Azure SQL Database
14 26 (1.14%) SQL Server Reporting Services
15 25 (1.10%) Hadoop
16 23 (1.01%) Oracle Database
17 21 (0.92%) SQLite
18 12 (0.53%) DynamoDB
18 12 (0.53%) MariaDB
Development Applications
1 591 (26.01%) Git
2 111 (4.89%) JIRA
3 105 (4.62%) Jenkins
4 79 (3.48%) Visual Studio
5 74 (3.26%) webpack
6 56 (2.46%) Cypress.io
7 51 (2.24%) Selenium
8 50 (2.20%) Maven
9 38 (1.67%) Subversion
10 35 (1.54%) GitLab
11 32 (1.41%) Mocha
12 30 (1.32%) gulp
13 29 (1.28%) IntelliJ
13 29 (1.28%) Team Foundation Server
14 26 (1.14%) Jasmine
15 24 (1.06%) Bitbucket
16 23 (1.01%) Cucumber
17 22 (0.97%) Oracle APEX
18 21 (0.92%) SonarQube
19 19 (0.84%) TeamCity
General
1 463 (20.38%) Social Skills
2 339 (14.92%) Finance
3 197 (8.67%) Analytical Skills
4 119 (5.24%) Marketing
5 118 (5.19%) Banking
6 108 (4.75%) Inclusion and Diversity
7 99 (4.36%) Retail
8 52 (2.29%) Law
8 52 (2.29%) Public Sector
9 37 (1.63%) Legal
10 35 (1.54%) Games
11 31 (1.36%) Tech for Good
12 29 (1.28%) Manufacturing
13 24 (1.06%) Organisational Skills
14 20 (0.88%) Automotive
15 19 (0.84%) Local Government
16 18 (0.79%) Retail Banking
17 17 (0.75%) Presentation Skills
18 16 (0.70%) Health Technology
19 15 (0.66%) Telecoms
Job Titles
1 1,702 (74.91%) Developer
2 540 (23.77%) Senior
3 396 (17.43%) Senior Developer
4 293 (12.90%) .NET Developer
5 291 (12.81%) Full Stack Developer
6 266 (11.71%) Software Developer
7 241 (10.61%) Front-End Developer (Client-Side Developer)
8 184 (8.10%) Software Engineer
9 183 (8.05%) C# Developer
10 178 (7.83%) Lead
11 141 (6.21%) React Developer
11 141 (6.21%) Web Developer
12 137 (6.03%) PHP Developer
13 126 (5.55%) Lead Developer
14 91 (4.01%) JavaScript Developer
15 74 (3.26%) C# .NET Developer
16 69 (3.04%) Dynamics 365 Developer
17 68 (2.99%) CRM Developer
18 67 (2.95%) Java Developer
19 66 (2.90%) Senior Full Stack Developer
Libraries, Frameworks & Software Standards
1 2,091 (92.03%) HTML
2 902 (39.70%) .NET
3 814 (35.83%) React
4 551 (24.25%) AngularJS
5 458 (20.16%) HTML5
6 419 (18.44%) ASP.NET
7 316 (13.91%) .NET Framework
8 308 (13.56%) Node.js
8 308 (13.56%) RESTful
9 294 (12.94%) jQuery
10 292 (12.85%) .NET Core
11 282 (12.41%) Web Services
12 277 (12.19%) Vue
13 265 (11.66%) CSS3
14 249 (10.96%) JSON
15 227 (9.99%) XML
16 223 (9.82%) REST
17 217 (9.55%) ASP.NET MVC
18 189 (8.32%) Laravel
19 179 (7.88%) ASP.NET Web API
Miscellaneous
1 86 (3.79%) Product Ownership
2 80 (3.52%) Self-Motivation
3 75 (3.30%) Greenfield Project
3 75 (3.30%) Mobile App
4 47 (2.07%) Enterprise Software
5 37 (1.63%) Legacy Systems
6 36 (1.58%) Data Structures
7 28 (1.23%) CMDB
8 27 (1.19%) Online Banking
9 26 (1.14%) Low-Code
10 25 (1.10%) Public Cloud
11 22 (0.97%) Algorithms
12 21 (0.92%) Onboarding
13 20 (0.88%) Management Information System
14 19 (0.84%) IoT
15 15 (0.66%) Social Media
16 14 (0.62%) Hedge funds
16 14 (0.62%) Legacy Code
17 13 (0.57%) Cloud Native
17 13 (0.57%) Graphic Design
Operating Systems
1 91 (4.01%) Linux
2 64 (2.82%) Android
3 57 (2.51%) Windows
4 44 (1.94%) Apple iOS
5 36 (1.58%) Mac OS
6 10 (0.44%) Windows Server
7 7 (0.31%) CentOS
8 5 (0.22%) Red Hat Enterprise Linux
9 2 (0.088%) Unix
10 1 (0.044%) Embedded Linux
10 1 (0.044%) VMS
Processes & Methodologies
1 919 (40.45%) Agile
2 613 (26.98%) Full Stack Development
3 505 (22.23%) DevOps
4 478 (21.04%) Problem-Solving
5 460 (20.25%) MVC
6 418 (18.40%) Web Development
7 410 (18.05%) Front End Development
8 394 (17.34%) Software Engineering
9 384 (16.90%) User Experience
10 279 (12.28%) Scrum
11 254 (11.18%) Computer Science
12 234 (10.30%) TDD
13 233 (10.26%) CI/CD
14 218 (9.60%) UX Design
15 210 (9.24%) Microservices
16 202 (8.89%) Mentoring
17 193 (8.49%) E-Commerce
18 166 (7.31%) Unit Testing
19 163 (7.17%) SDLC
20 152 (6.69%) Design Patterns
Programming Languages
1 1,857 (81.73%) JavaScript
2 918 (40.40%) C#
3 739 (32.53%) SQL
4 466 (20.51%) TypeScript
5 393 (17.30%) PHP
6 285 (12.54%) Java
7 258 (11.36%) Python
8 132 (5.81%) T-SQL
9 53 (2.33%) Ruby
10 51 (2.24%) C++
11 39 (1.72%) VB.NET
12 37 (1.63%) Bash
13 32 (1.41%) VB
14 27 (1.19%) PowerShell
15 25 (1.10%) PL/SQL
16 24 (1.06%) JSX
17 19 (0.84%) Go
18 14 (0.62%) Bicep
18 14 (0.62%) C
18 14 (0.62%) Scala
Qualifications
1 421 (18.53%) Degree
2 161 (7.09%) Computer Science Degree
3 96 (4.23%) Security Cleared
4 80 (3.52%) SC Cleared
5 36 (1.58%) Microsoft Certification
6 21 (0.92%) Master's Degree
7 18 (0.79%) BPSS Clearance
8 12 (0.53%) DV Cleared
9 10 (0.44%) Azure Certification
10 6 (0.26%) MCPD
11 5 (0.22%) CTC Cleared
12 4 (0.18%) ITIL Foundation Certificate
12 4 (0.18%) PhD
13 3 (0.13%) MCP
14 2 (0.088%) CCIE
14 2 (0.088%) CCNP
14 2 (0.088%) Cisco Certification
14 2 (0.088%) CWNA
14 2 (0.088%) MCT
14 2 (0.088%) Postgraduate
Quality Assurance & Compliance
1 127 (5.59%) QA
2 111 (4.89%) Accessibility
3 60 (2.64%) WCAG
4 16 (0.70%) PCI DSS
5 7 (0.31%) PMO
6 6 (0.26%) ISO/IEC 27001
7 5 (0.22%) Data Quality
7 5 (0.22%) ISO/IEC 20000
8 4 (0.18%) WAI
9 3 (0.13%) SLA
10 2 (0.088%) GRC
10 2 (0.088%) Software Quality Assurance
11 1 (0.044%) GDPR
11 1 (0.044%) HL7
11 1 (0.044%) IEC 61131
11 1 (0.044%) SOC 2
System Software
1 241 (10.61%) Docker
2 11 (0.48%) Active Directory
3 4 (0.18%) Firmware
3 4 (0.18%) FreeRADIUS
4 1 (0.044%) Virtual Desktop
Systems Management
1 102 (4.49%) Kubernetes
2 24 (1.06%) HP UCMDB
3 20 (0.88%) Terraform
4 12 (0.53%) Kibana
5 8 (0.35%) Grafana
6 6 (0.26%) Progress Chef
7 4 (0.18%) MIIS
7 4 (0.18%) Single Sign-On
8 2 (0.088%) Ansible
9 1 (0.044%) cPanel
9 1 (0.044%) FlexNet
9 1 (0.044%) Jamf Pro
9 1 (0.044%) Matomo
9 1 (0.044%) Plesk
Vendors
1 386 (16.99%) Microsoft
2 90 (3.96%) Google
3 58 (2.55%) Oracle
4 52 (2.29%) Adobe
5 51 (2.24%) ServiceNow
6 41 (1.80%) Salesforce
7 36 (1.58%) Xamarin
8 24 (1.06%) BMC
8 24 (1.06%) HP
8 24 (1.06%) Remedy
9 14 (0.62%) Rollbar
10 13 (0.57%) Zoho
11 12 (0.53%) SAP
11 12 (0.53%) Sitecore
12 8 (0.35%) Progress
13 7 (0.31%) Salesforce Marketing Cloud
13 7 (0.31%) Telerik
14 6 (0.26%) Atlassian
14 6 (0.26%) New Relic
14 6 (0.26%) Splunk