CSS Job Trends

CSS (Cascading Style Sheets)
UK

The table below provides summary statistics and salary benchmarking for jobs requiring CSS skills. It covers permanent job vacancies from the 6 months leading up to 5 December 2025, with comparisons to the same periods in the previous two years.

6 months to
5 Dec 2025
Same period 2024 Same period 2023
Rank 143 61 62
Rank change year-on-year -82 +1 -24
Permanent jobs citing CSS 1,023 2,532 2,207
As % of all permanent jobs in the UK 1.84% 4.00% 4.41%
As % of the Libraries, Frameworks & Software Standards category 14.55% 18.80% 16.68%
Number of salaries quoted 815 1,338 1,952
10th Percentile £27,500 £31,250 £37,500
25th Percentile £28,250 £40,688 £45,000
Median annual salary (50th Percentile) £47,000 £55,000 £60,000
Median % change year-on-year -14.55% -8.33% +4.35%
75th Percentile £66,250 £71,438 £75,000
90th Percentile £82,500 £83,750 £87,500
UK excluding London median annual salary £40,000 £52,500 £55,000
% change year-on-year -23.81% -4.55% +4.76%

All Software Libraries and Frameworks
UK

CSS falls under the Software Libraries and Frameworks category. For comparison with the information above, the following table provides summary statistics for all permanent job vacancies requiring technical specification, industry standards, software libraries and framework skills.

Permanent vacancies with a requirement for technical specification, industry standards, software libraries and framework skills 7,032 13,467 13,235
As % of all permanent jobs advertised in the UK 12.65% 21.29% 26.42%
Number of salaries quoted 5,214 8,170 10,912
10th Percentile £36,250 £38,750 £41,250
25th Percentile £50,000 £49,000 £51,250
Median annual salary (50th Percentile) £67,500 £65,000 £66,056
Median % change year-on-year +3.85% -1.60% +1.62%
75th Percentile £86,250 £85,000 £85,000
90th Percentile £113,750 £110,000 £106,289
UK excluding London median annual salary £57,500 £57,500 £57,500

CSS
Job Vacancy Trend

Historical trend showing the proportion of permanent IT job postings citing CSS relative to all permanent IT jobs advertised.

CSS job vacancy trend in the UK

CSS
Salary Trend

Salary distribution trend for jobs in the UK citing CSS.

Salary distribution trend for jobs in the UK citing CSS

CSS
Salary Histogram

Salary distribution for jobs citing CSS over the 6 months to 5 December 2025.

Salary histogram for CSS in the UK

CSS
Top 18 Job Locations

The table below looks at the demand and provides a guide to the median salaries quoted in IT jobs citing CSS within the UK over the 6 months to 5 December 2025. The 'Rank Change' column provides an indication of the change in demand within each location based on the same 6 month period last year.

Location Rank Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Matching
Permanent
IT Job Ads
Median Salary
Past 6 Months
Median Salary
% Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Live
Jobs
England -73 906 £47,500 -13.64% 783
UK excluding London -83 674 £40,000 -23.81% 711
Work from Home -56 371 £50,000 -9.09% 216
London -48 260 £67,500 +3.85% 223
North of England -28 249 £31,500 -37.00% 177
South East -97 129 £45,000 -21.74% 191
Yorkshire -14 111 £30,500 -32.22% 49
North West -38 106 £45,000 -10.00% 104
Midlands -51 100 £41,020 -17.96% 127
East of England -56 74 £55,000 - 90
South West -68 68 £38,500 -30.00% 68
East Midlands -40 55 £47,500 +18.75% 46
West Midlands -51 46 £30,500 -44.55% 81
North East -6 32 £30,500 -41.90% 26
Scotland -65 32 £30,500 -39.00% 30
Wales -9 20 £67,500 +45.95% 31
Northern Ireland -10 3 £31,500 -38.54% 5
Channel Islands +5 1 £90,000 -

CSS
Co-Occurring Skills & Capabilities by Category

The following tables expand on the one above by listing co-occurrences grouped by category. They cover the same employment type, locality and period, with up to 20 co-occurrences shown in each category:

Application Platforms
1 65 (6.35%) WordPress
2 62 (6.06%) CMS
3 24 (2.35%) Confluence
4 17 (1.66%) SharePoint
5 9 (0.88%) Headless CMS
5 9 (0.88%) Umbraco
6 7 (0.68%) Drupal
6 7 (0.68%) IIS
7 6 (0.59%) Adobe Experience Manager
7 6 (0.59%) Apache
7 6 (0.59%) nginx
8 3 (0.29%) Apache Airflow
9 2 (0.20%) ArcGIS
9 2 (0.20%) EPiServer
9 2 (0.20%) Mendix
9 2 (0.20%) Microsoft Exchange
9 2 (0.20%) Sitecore CMS
10 1 (0.098%) Camunda
10 1 (0.098%) ColdFusion
10 1 (0.098%) SugarCRM
Applications
1 31 (3.03%) Adobe XD
2 26 (2.54%) Adobe Creative Suite
3 22 (2.15%) Microsoft Office
4 21 (2.05%) MS Visio
5 16 (1.56%) Sketch
6 14 (1.37%) Adobe Illustrator
7 12 (1.17%) Photoshop
8 10 (0.98%) Microsoft PowerPoint
9 8 (0.78%) AutoCAD
9 8 (0.78%) Chatbot
9 8 (0.78%) InVision
9 8 (0.78%) SOLIDWORKS
10 7 (0.68%) InDesign
11 3 (0.29%) Adobe After Effects
11 3 (0.29%) Adobe Premiere
11 3 (0.29%) Microsoft Excel
12 1 (0.098%) CapCut
12 1 (0.098%) Spreadsheet
12 1 (0.098%) Trello
12 1 (0.098%) Windchill
Business Applications
1 19 (1.86%) Shopify
2 16 (1.56%) Dynamics CRM
3 11 (1.08%) Sprinklr
4 5 (0.49%) Payment Gateway
5 3 (0.29%) SAP Business One
6 2 (0.20%) Salesforce CRM
7 1 (0.098%) Magento
7 1 (0.098%) NetSuite
7 1 (0.098%) Sage 1000
7 1 (0.098%) Teamcenter
Cloud Services
1 458 (44.77%) Azure
2 335 (32.75%) AWS
3 285 (27.86%) GitHub
4 75 (7.33%) Figma
5 66 (6.45%) Serverless
6 47 (4.59%) Azure DevOps
7 46 (4.50%) GCP
8 41 (4.01%) SaaS
9 39 (3.81%) Google Analytics
10 32 (3.13%) Power Platform
11 27 (2.64%) Azure Service Bus
12 24 (2.35%) Power Automate
13 21 (2.05%) Azure Cosmos DB
13 21 (2.05%) Azure Functions
14 20 (1.96%) Azure Logic Apps
15 18 (1.76%) Entra ID
16 17 (1.66%) Amazon S3
16 17 (1.66%) AWS Lambda
16 17 (1.66%) Azure App Service
16 17 (1.66%) PaaS
Communications & Networking
1 206 (20.14%) Internet
2 10 (0.98%) HTTP
3 6 (0.59%) Intranet
4 4 (0.39%) Ethernet
4 4 (0.39%) Modbus
4 4 (0.39%) MQTT
5 3 (0.29%) AMQP
6 2 (0.20%) DNS
6 2 (0.20%) HTTPS
7 1 (0.098%) Firewall
7 1 (0.098%) SSH
7 1 (0.098%) Wi-Fi
Database & Business Intelligence
1 150 (14.66%) SQL Server
2 120 (11.73%) MySQL
3 48 (4.69%) Relational Database
4 46 (4.50%) PostgreSQL
5 45 (4.40%) NoSQL
6 25 (2.44%) MongoDB
7 16 (1.56%) Power BI
8 12 (1.17%) Azure SQL Database
9 10 (0.98%) DB2
9 10 (0.98%) GIS
9 10 (0.98%) Redis
10 9 (0.88%) Looker
11 8 (0.78%) Metadata
12 7 (0.68%) Data Warehouse
13 6 (0.59%) DynamoDB
13 6 (0.59%) SQL Server Reporting Services
14 5 (0.49%) Elasticsearch
15 4 (0.39%) MariaDB
15 4 (0.39%) SQL Server Integration Services
16 3 (0.29%) Amazon RDS
Development Applications
1 377 (36.85%) Git
2 49 (4.79%) JIRA
3 40 (3.91%) webpack
4 35 (3.42%) Jenkins
5 34 (3.32%) Cypress.io
6 22 (2.15%) Selenium
7 21 (2.05%) Axure RP
7 21 (2.05%) Visual Studio
8 14 (1.37%) Babel
8 14 (1.37%) TeamCity
9 12 (1.17%) Balsamiq
9 12 (1.17%) Cucumber
10 11 (1.08%) Bitbucket
10 11 (1.08%) Vite
11 9 (0.88%) GitLab
11 9 (0.88%) gulp
11 9 (0.88%) JUnit
11 9 (0.88%) SonarQube
12 8 (0.78%) Oracle APEX
12 8 (0.78%) Team Foundation Server
General
1 288 (28.15%) Social Skills
2 210 (20.53%) Multimedia
3 153 (14.96%) Finance
4 108 (10.56%) Analytical Skills
5 100 (9.78%) Marketing
6 95 (9.29%) Law
7 46 (4.50%) Inclusion and Diversity
8 44 (4.30%) Public Sector
9 42 (4.11%) Retail
10 32 (3.13%) Banking
11 26 (2.54%) Legal
12 16 (1.56%) Advertising
13 15 (1.47%) Publishing
14 13 (1.27%) Organisational Skills
15 10 (0.98%) Games
16 9 (0.88%) Manufacturing
17 8 (0.78%) Military
17 8 (0.78%) Pharmaceutical
18 6 (0.59%) Aeronautics
19 5 (0.49%) Back Office
Job Titles
1 568 (55.52%) Developer
2 203 (19.84%) Trainee
3 159 (15.54%) Senior
4 149 (14.57%) Software Developer
5 118 (11.53%) Full-Stack Developer
6 106 (10.36%) Senior Developer
7 96 (9.38%) Trainee Developer
8 91 (8.90%) Trainee Software Developer
9 67 (6.55%) Front-End Developer (Client-Side Developer)
10 63 (6.16%) .NET Developer
11 56 (5.47%) Designer
12 51 (4.99%) Software Engineer
13 50 (4.89%) C# Developer
13 50 (4.89%) Lead
14 49 (4.79%) PHP Developer
15 45 (4.40%) Graduate
15 45 (4.40%) Graduate Developer
16 40 (3.91%) React Developer
17 39 (3.81%) Senior Full-Stack Developer
18 37 (3.62%) Web Developer
Libraries, Frameworks & Software Standards
1 907 (88.66%) HTML
2 316 (30.89%) React
3 222 (21.70%) .NET
4 133 (13.00%) Node.js
5 122 (11.93%) RESTful
6 117 (11.44%) HTML5
7 109 (10.65%) AngularJS
8 101 (9.87%) ASP.NET
9 91 (8.90%) CSS3
10 83 (8.11%) jQuery
11 80 (7.82%) Vue
12 76 (7.43%) REST
13 69 (6.74%) .NET Core
14 60 (5.87%) .NET Framework
15 57 (5.57%) JSON
16 53 (5.18%) GraphQL
17 49 (4.79%) XML
18 46 (4.50%) Jest
19 44 (4.30%) Tailwind CSS
20 41 (4.01%) Laravel
Miscellaneous
1 51 (4.99%) Product Ownership
2 32 (3.13%) Cloud Native
3 30 (2.93%) Mobile App
4 21 (2.05%) Analytical Mindset
5 18 (1.76%) Data Structures
5 18 (1.76%) Onboarding
6 17 (1.66%) Self-Motivation
7 16 (1.56%) Greenfield Project
8 14 (1.37%) Motion Graphics
8 14 (1.37%) Social Media
9 12 (1.17%) Algorithms
9 12 (1.17%) Legacy Systems
9 12 (1.17%) Low-Code
10 10 (0.98%) Data Centre
10 10 (0.98%) Distributed Systems
10 10 (0.98%) Virtual Team
11 9 (0.88%) Data Protection Act
12 8 (0.78%) W3C
13 7 (0.68%) Digital TV
14 6 (0.59%) Cybercrime
Operating Systems
1 29 (2.83%) Linux
2 25 (2.44%) Windows
3 11 (1.08%) Android
3 11 (1.08%) Apple iOS
4 7 (0.68%) Windows Server
5 5 (0.49%) Unix
6 3 (0.29%) Mac OS
7 2 (0.20%) Solaris
Processes & Methodologies
1 414 (40.47%) Agile
2 300 (29.33%) Mentoring
3 263 (25.71%) User Experience
4 250 (24.44%) Problem-Solving
5 230 (22.48%) Full-Stack Development
6 193 (18.87%) Cybersecurity
7 173 (16.91%) Front End Development
8 162 (15.84%) CI/CD
9 158 (15.44%) DevOps
10 127 (12.41%) MVC
11 125 (12.22%) Continuous Improvement
12 119 (11.63%) Web Development
13 118 (11.53%) UX Design
14 113 (11.05%) Computer Science
15 97 (9.48%) Software Engineering
16 90 (8.80%) Analytics
17 88 (8.60%) OOP
18 84 (8.21%) Test Automation
19 81 (7.92%) Scrum
20 76 (7.43%) OO
Programming Languages
1 815 (79.67%) JavaScript
2 307 (30.01%) Python
3 225 (21.99%) C#
3 225 (21.99%) SQL
4 193 (18.87%) TypeScript
5 120 (11.73%) Java
6 114 (11.14%) PHP
7 107 (10.46%) R
8 42 (4.11%) C++
9 15 (1.47%) T-SQL
10 12 (1.17%) Ruby
11 11 (1.08%) Perl
12 10 (0.98%) PL/SQL
13 8 (0.78%) C
13 8 (0.78%) Go
14 7 (0.68%) Bicep
15 4 (0.39%) ActionScript 3.0
15 4 (0.39%) Apex Code
15 4 (0.39%) Objective-C
15 4 (0.39%) XAML
Qualifications
1 207 (20.23%) Microsoft Certification
2 204 (19.94%) AWS Certification
2 204 (19.94%) Azure Certification
3 203 (19.84%) AWS Certified Cloud Practitioner
4 187 (18.28%) Degree
5 99 (9.68%) Computer Science Degree
6 63 (6.16%) Security Cleared
7 40 (3.91%) SC Cleared
8 20 (1.96%) Master's Degree
9 15 (1.47%) DV Cleared
10 12 (1.17%) HND
11 7 (0.68%) DBS Check
12 6 (0.59%) BPSS Clearance
13 4 (0.39%) Chartered Engineer
13 4 (0.39%) HNC
13 4 (0.39%) ISEB
13 4 (0.39%) ISTQB
13 4 (0.39%) ISTQB Foundation Certification
14 2 (0.20%) CCA
14 2 (0.20%) MCP
Quality Assurance & Compliance
1 143 (13.98%) Accessibility
2 78 (7.62%) QA
3 53 (5.18%) WCAG
4 36 (3.52%) GDPR
5 8 (0.78%) IEC 61131
6 5 (0.49%) PERC
6 5 (0.49%) Section 508
7 3 (0.29%) Data Quality
7 3 (0.29%) SLA
8 1 (0.098%) Actionable Recommendations
8 1 (0.098%) HL7
8 1 (0.098%) ISO/IEC 27001
8 1 (0.098%) NCSC
8 1 (0.098%) PCI DSS
System Software
1 90 (8.80%) Docker
2 15 (1.47%) Active Directory
3 4 (0.39%) VMware ESXi
3 4 (0.39%) VMware Infrastructure
Systems Management
1 58 (5.67%) Kubernetes
2 25 (2.44%) Terraform
3 4 (0.39%) Argo
3 4 (0.39%) Functional Safety
3 4 (0.39%) Grafana
4 3 (0.29%) cPanel
4 3 (0.29%) Plesk
4 3 (0.29%) Single Sign-On
5 2 (0.20%) Ansible
5 2 (0.20%) Prometheus
6 1 (0.098%) Microsoft Intune
Vendors
1 315 (30.79%) Microsoft
2 77 (7.53%) Adobe
3 46 (4.50%) Google
4 35 (3.42%) ServiceNow
5 25 (2.44%) Salesforce
6 21 (2.05%) Oracle
7 12 (1.17%) Cisco
7 12 (1.17%) Siemens
8 9 (0.88%) Apple
9 8 (0.78%) Ahrefs
9 8 (0.78%) Allen-Bradley
9 8 (0.78%) Toshiba
10 7 (0.68%) Atlassian
11 6 (0.59%) HubSpot
11 6 (0.59%) Salesforce Marketing Cloud
12 5 (0.49%) Guidewire
12 5 (0.49%) Hotjar
12 5 (0.49%) Meraki
12 5 (0.49%) Red Hat
12 5 (0.49%) SAP