CSS (Cascading Style Sheets)
UK

The table below provides summary statistics for permanent job vacancies requiring CSS skills. It includes a benchmarking guide to the annual salaries offered in vacancies that cited CSS over the 6 months leading up to 12 May 2025, comparing them to the same period in the previous two years.

6 months to
12 May 2025
Same period 2024 Same period 2023
Rank 111 57 43
Rank change year-on-year -54 -14 -7
Permanent jobs citing CSS 1,511 4,120 6,425
As % of all permanent jobs advertised in the UK 2.74% 4.15% 6.37%
As % of the Libraries, Frameworks & Software Standards category 16.31% 19.54% 21.17%
Number of salaries quoted 1,010 2,884 3,244
10th Percentile £31,250 £31,325 £37,000
25th Percentile £38,250 £38,750 £45,000
Median annual salary (50th Percentile) £55,000 £52,500 £57,001
Median % change year-on-year +4.76% -7.90% +3.64%
75th Percentile £75,000 £68,750 £76,250
90th Percentile £87,500 £80,875 £92,500
UK excluding London median annual salary £50,750 £50,000 £52,500
% change year-on-year +1.50% -4.76% +8.25%

All Software Libraries and Frameworks
UK

CSS falls under the Software Libraries and Frameworks category. For comparison with the information above, the following table provides summary statistics for all permanent job vacancies requiring technical specification, industry standards, software libraries and framework skills.

Permanent vacancies with a requirement for technical specification, industry standards, software libraries and framework skills 9,266 21,085 30,356
As % of all permanent jobs advertised in the UK 16.81% 21.25% 30.09%
Number of salaries quoted 6,325 15,771 18,730
10th Percentile £38,750 £36,250 £40,834
25th Percentile £51,000 £45,000 £50,000
Median annual salary (50th Percentile) £65,000 £60,000 £67,500
Median % change year-on-year +8.33% -11.11% +7.14%
75th Percentile £87,500 £78,750 £87,500
90th Percentile £111,250 £100,000 £106,250
UK excluding London median annual salary £60,000 £55,000 £57,500
% change year-on-year +9.09% -4.35% +4.55%

CSS
Job Vacancy Trend

Job postings citing CSS as a proportion of all IT jobs advertised.

Job vacancy trend for CSS in the UK

CSS
Salary Trend

3-month moving average salary quoted in jobs citing CSS.

Salary trend for CSS in the UK

CSS
Salary Histogram

Salary distribution for jobs citing CSS over the 6 months to 12 May 2025.

Salary histogram for CSS in the UK

CSS
Top 17 Job Locations

The table below looks at the demand and provides a guide to the median salaries quoted in IT jobs citing CSS within the UK over the 6 months to 12 May 2025. The 'Rank Change' column provides an indication of the change in demand within each location based on the same 6 month period last year.

Location Rank Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Matching
Permanent
IT Job Ads
Median Salary
Past 6 Months
Median Salary
% Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Live
Jobs
England -60 1,280 £55,000 +4.76% 1,191
UK excluding London -59 1,057 £50,750 +1.50% 859
Work from Home -19 814 £56,500 +2.73% 874
London -34 356 £70,000 - 503
North of England -66 323 £45,000 -5.26% 255
North West -72 248 £50,000 - 155
South East -77 206 £60,000 +9.09% 249
Midlands -37 185 £45,000 -1.10% 119
Scotland +1 153 £60,000 - 47
West Midlands -21 93 £50,000 +5.26% 73
East Midlands -30 91 £40,000 -11.11% 41
South West -56 91 £57,500 +15.00% 87
East of England -56 83 £40,101 -19.80% 112
Yorkshire -37 54 £37,500 -16.67% 75
North East +7 21 £46,250 +8.82% 29
Wales -26 18 £56,500 +13.00% 18
Northern Ireland -15 1 - - 10

CSS
Co-occurring Skills and Capabilities by Category

The follow tables expand on the table above by listing co-occurrences grouped by category. The same employment type, locality and period is covered with up to 20 co-occurrences shown in each of the following categories:

Application Platforms
1 175 (11.58%) Confluence
2 152 (10.06%) CMS
3 83 (5.49%) WordPress
4 43 (2.85%) Umbraco
5 38 (2.51%) SharePoint
6 29 (1.92%) Apache
7 22 (1.46%) Drupal
8 20 (1.32%) Headless CMS
9 17 (1.13%) IIS
10 15 (0.99%) nginx
11 5 (0.33%) Liferay
11 5 (0.33%) Sitecore CMS
12 4 (0.26%) NServiceBus
13 3 (0.20%) Apache Solr
13 3 (0.20%) ColdFusion
13 3 (0.20%) Joomla!
13 3 (0.20%) Kentico
13 3 (0.20%) Sitefinity
13 3 (0.20%) Strapi
14 2 (0.13%) EPiServer
Applications
1 43 (2.85%) Adobe XD
2 30 (1.99%) Sketch
3 15 (0.99%) Microsoft Office
4 14 (0.93%) Photoshop
5 11 (0.73%) Adobe Illustrator
6 10 (0.66%) Adobe Creative Suite
7 9 (0.60%) InVision
8 6 (0.40%) MS Visio
9 5 (0.33%) Adobe Premiere
9 5 (0.33%) Trello
10 4 (0.26%) Chatbot
11 3 (0.20%) Notion
12 2 (0.13%) Microsoft Excel
12 2 (0.13%) Microsoft Project
13 1 (0.066%) Adobe After Effects
13 1 (0.066%) InDesign
13 1 (0.066%) Zeplin
Business Applications
1 29 (1.92%) NetSuite
2 28 (1.85%) Dynamics CRM
2 28 (1.85%) Shopify
3 16 (1.06%) Sage 200
3 16 (1.06%) Sage 50
4 15 (0.99%) Magento
5 11 (0.73%) JDE OneWorld
6 10 (0.66%) Payment Gateway
7 4 (0.26%) Adobe Campaign
8 2 (0.13%) Oracle BPM
9 1 (0.066%) CiviCRM
9 1 (0.066%) Remedy ITSM
9 1 (0.066%) Salesforce CRM
Cloud Services
1 600 (39.71%) Azure
2 496 (32.83%) AWS
3 265 (17.54%) GCP
4 103 (6.82%) Azure DevOps
5 96 (6.35%) GitHub
6 73 (4.83%) Power Platform
7 72 (4.77%) Figma
7 72 (4.77%) SaaS
8 71 (4.70%) Serverless
9 61 (4.04%) Azure Service Bus
10 47 (3.11%) Google Analytics
11 44 (2.91%) Azure Cosmos DB
12 42 (2.78%) PowerApps
13 39 (2.58%) Power Automate
14 36 (2.38%) Dynamics 365
15 34 (2.25%) SonarCloud
16 29 (1.92%) Azure Logic Apps
17 24 (1.59%) Azure Functions
18 23 (1.52%) AWS Lambda
19 22 (1.46%) Microsoft 365
Communications & Networking
1 21 (1.39%) Intranet
2 19 (1.26%) Internet
3 14 (0.93%) HTTP
4 9 (0.60%) Wi-Fi
5 6 (0.40%) Bluetooth
5 6 (0.40%) DNS
6 3 (0.20%) SMS
6 3 (0.20%) TCP/IP
7 2 (0.13%) Broadband
7 2 (0.13%) LoRaWAN
7 2 (0.13%) Wireshark
8 1 (0.066%) Kerberos
8 1 (0.066%) Multicast
8 1 (0.066%) RTP
8 1 (0.066%) RTSP
8 1 (0.066%) SSL
8 1 (0.066%) Value-Added Service
8 1 (0.066%) VoIP
8 1 (0.066%) VPN
8 1 (0.066%) WPA
Database & Business Intelligence
1 471 (31.17%) SQL Server
2 217 (14.36%) MySQL
3 60 (3.97%) Relational Database
4 59 (3.90%) PostgreSQL
5 57 (3.77%) NoSQL
6 53 (3.51%) Elasticsearch
7 45 (2.98%) MongoDB
8 34 (2.25%) Power BI
9 25 (1.65%) Redis
10 16 (1.06%) SQL Server Reporting Services
11 15 (0.99%) Azure SQL Database
12 14 (0.93%) BigQuery
13 9 (0.60%) SQL Server Integration Services
14 7 (0.46%) Looker
14 7 (0.46%) Tableau
15 6 (0.40%) Big Data
16 5 (0.33%) Oracle Database
17 4 (0.26%) GIS
17 4 (0.26%) MariaDB
18 3 (0.20%) Data Mining
Development Applications
1 386 (25.55%) Git
2 313 (20.71%) JIRA
3 270 (17.87%) Selenium
4 261 (17.27%) GitLab
5 259 (17.14%) Bitbucket
6 252 (16.68%) Maven
7 251 (16.61%) Cucumber
8 250 (16.55%) SonarQube
9 248 (16.41%) Sonatype Nexus
10 82 (5.43%) Visual Studio
11 58 (3.84%) webpack
12 47 (3.11%) Jenkins
13 41 (2.71%) Octopus Deploy
14 39 (2.58%) MSBuild
15 35 (2.32%) Team Foundation Server
16 31 (2.05%) Jasmine
17 26 (1.72%) Eclipse
17 26 (1.72%) Eclipse RCP
18 23 (1.52%) TeamCity
19 22 (1.46%) Babel
General
1 509 (33.69%) Finance
2 347 (22.96%) Social Skills
3 300 (19.85%) Inclusion and Diversity
4 294 (19.46%) Banking
5 194 (12.84%) Retail
6 110 (7.28%) Marketing
7 103 (6.82%) Investment Banking
8 90 (5.96%) Corporate Banking
9 77 (5.10%) Analytical Skills
9 77 (5.10%) Games
10 45 (2.98%) Public Sector
11 33 (2.18%) Law
12 31 (2.05%) Manufacturing
13 27 (1.79%) Legal
14 16 (1.06%) Advertising
15 15 (0.99%) Automotive
16 14 (0.93%) Organisational Skills
17 12 (0.79%) Publishing
18 11 (0.73%) Front Office
19 9 (0.60%) iGaming
Job Titles
1 801 (53.01%) Developer
2 368 (24.35%) Software Engineer
3 283 (18.73%) Senior
4 183 (12.11%) Senior Developer
5 159 (10.52%) Front-End Developer (Client-Side Developer)
6 110 (7.28%) Lead
6 110 (7.28%) PHP Developer
7 105 (6.95%) Full-Stack Developer
8 86 (5.69%) .NET Developer
9 74 (4.90%) Junior
10 71 (4.70%) Architect
11 61 (4.04%) Web Developer
12 55 (3.64%) React Developer
13 54 (3.57%) Lead Developer
14 52 (3.44%) C# Developer
15 51 (3.38%) Senior Software Engineer
16 46 (3.04%) Junior Developer
17 45 (2.98%) Senior Front-End Developer
18 44 (2.91%) JavaScript Developer
19 43 (2.85%) Technical Architect
Libraries, Frameworks & Software Standards
1 1,387 (91.79%) HTML
2 679 (44.94%) React
3 368 (24.35%) .NET
4 339 (22.44%) HTML5
5 304 (20.12%) Redux
6 268 (17.74%) Spring
7 262 (17.34%) RESTful
8 261 (17.27%) Kafka
8 261 (17.27%) Spring Boot
9 252 (16.68%) CSS3
10 249 (16.48%) JPA
11 225 (14.89%) REST
12 201 (13.30%) AngularJS
13 182 (12.05%) ASP.NET
14 181 (11.98%) jQuery
15 174 (11.52%) Hibernate
16 166 (10.99%) Sass
17 149 (9.86%) Jest
18 142 (9.40%) .NET Framework
19 136 (9.00%) Vue
Miscellaneous
1 287 (18.99%) Product Ownership
2 256 (16.94%) Enterprise Software
3 117 (7.74%) Mobile App
4 34 (2.25%) Virtual Team
5 32 (2.12%) Cloud Native
6 28 (1.85%) Greenfield Project
6 28 (1.85%) NHS
7 18 (1.19%) Algorithms
8 17 (1.13%) Client/Server
9 16 (1.06%) Management Information System
10 15 (0.99%) Marketing Technology
11 14 (0.93%) Analytical Mindset
11 14 (0.93%) Data Structures
11 14 (0.93%) Foreign Exchange (FX)
11 14 (0.93%) Self-Motivation
12 13 (0.86%) Team-Oriented Environment
13 12 (0.79%) Hedge funds
13 12 (0.79%) Legacy Systems
13 12 (0.79%) Low-Code
13 12 (0.79%) Social Media
Operating Systems
1 67 (4.43%) Linux
2 57 (3.77%) Windows
3 15 (0.99%) Android
4 13 (0.86%) Apple iOS
5 8 (0.53%) Ubuntu
5 8 (0.53%) Windows Server
6 7 (0.46%) Unix
7 1 (0.066%) CentOS
7 1 (0.066%) Debian
7 1 (0.066%) Red Hat Enterprise Linux
7 1 (0.066%) Rocky
7 1 (0.066%) Windows 10
7 1 (0.066%) Windows Server 2012
Processes & Methodologies
1 690 (45.67%) Agile
2 516 (34.15%) Front End Development
3 484 (32.03%) Software Engineering
4 475 (31.44%) DevOps
4 475 (31.44%) Full-Stack Development
5 409 (27.07%) Microservices
6 400 (26.47%) CI/CD
7 382 (25.28%) User Experience
8 356 (23.56%) Test Automation
9 353 (23.36%) SDLC
10 338 (22.37%) Performance Optimisation
11 335 (22.17%) Problem-Solving
12 281 (18.60%) Containerisation
13 271 (17.94%) Continuous Improvement
14 267 (17.67%) MVC
15 264 (17.47%) Web Development
16 252 (16.68%) Mentoring
17 240 (15.88%) Clean Code
18 239 (15.82%) TDD
19 215 (14.23%) E-Commerce
Programming Languages
1 1,248 (82.59%) JavaScript
2 624 (41.30%) SQL
3 427 (28.26%) C#
4 407 (26.94%) Java
5 388 (25.68%) TypeScript
6 295 (19.52%) PHP
7 139 (9.20%) Python
8 63 (4.17%) C++
9 29 (1.92%) C
10 28 (1.85%) T-SQL
11 24 (1.59%) Ada
12 23 (1.52%) PowerShell
12 23 (1.52%) Rust
13 9 (0.60%) Ruby
13 9 (0.60%) VB.NET
14 8 (0.53%) Bash
14 8 (0.53%) Go
14 8 (0.53%) R
14 8 (0.53%) Shell Script
15 6 (0.40%) Bicep
Qualifications
1 266 (17.60%) Degree
2 119 (7.88%) Computer Science Degree
3 51 (3.38%) Security Cleared
4 39 (2.58%) SC Cleared
5 32 (2.12%) BPSS Clearance
6 14 (0.93%) Microsoft Certification
7 10 (0.66%) Master's Degree
8 6 (0.40%) DBS Check
9 5 (0.33%) Azure Certification
9 5 (0.33%) DV Cleared
10 3 (0.20%) ISTQB
10 3 (0.20%) ISTQB Foundation Certification
11 2 (0.13%) CISSP
11 2 (0.13%) HND
11 2 (0.13%) ITIL Foundation Certificate
11 2 (0.13%) TOGAF Certification
12 1 (0.066%) AWS Certification
12 1 (0.066%) AWS Certified Developer
12 1 (0.066%) BC Cleared
12 1 (0.066%) Numerate Degree
Quality Assurance & Compliance
1 300 (19.85%) QA
2 238 (15.75%) Accessibility
3 72 (4.77%) GDPR
4 65 (4.30%) WCAG
5 6 (0.40%) Actionable Recommendations
5 6 (0.40%) ISO/IEC 27001
6 5 (0.33%) Data Quality
6 5 (0.33%) Software Quality Assurance
7 2 (0.13%) GRC
7 2 (0.13%) NCSC
7 2 (0.13%) PCI DSS
7 2 (0.13%) WAI
8 1 (0.066%) HL7
8 1 (0.066%) ISO 9001
8 1 (0.066%) SOC 2
System Software
1 392 (25.94%) Docker
2 8 (0.53%) Active Directory
3 1 (0.066%) NDS
3 1 (0.066%) Virtual Machines
Systems Management
1 317 (20.98%) Kubernetes
2 23 (1.52%) Single Sign-On
3 14 (0.93%) Terraform
4 7 (0.46%) Grafana
5 5 (0.33%) CA Endevor
6 2 (0.13%) HP Quality Center
6 2 (0.13%) Kibana
6 2 (0.13%) Marathon
6 2 (0.13%) MIIS
6 2 (0.13%) Prometheus
6 2 (0.13%) Systems Management Server (SMS)
7 1 (0.066%) CA Single Sign-On
7 1 (0.066%) cPanel
7 1 (0.066%) HP UCMDB
7 1 (0.066%) Istio
7 1 (0.066%) logstash
7 1 (0.066%) Microsoft Intune
7 1 (0.066%) PingFederate
7 1 (0.066%) SCCM
Vendors
1 247 (16.35%) Solace
2 184 (12.18%) Microsoft
3 85 (5.63%) Adobe
4 74 (4.90%) Google
5 28 (1.85%) Salesforce
6 21 (1.39%) HP
7 20 (1.32%) Oracle
8 19 (1.26%) Sage
8 19 (1.26%) Twitter
9 18 (1.19%) WooCommerce
10 14 (0.93%) ServiceNow
11 12 (0.79%) Optimizely
12 11 (0.73%) Ahrefs
12 11 (0.73%) Dell
12 11 (0.73%) SAP
13 10 (0.66%) New Relic
14 9 (0.60%) MuleSoft
15 7 (0.46%) Cisco
15 7 (0.46%) HubSpot
16 6 (0.40%) Meraki