CSS (Cascading Style Sheets)
UK

The table below provides summary statistics for permanent job vacancies requiring CSS skills. It includes a benchmarking guide to the annual salaries offered in vacancies that cited CSS over the 6 months leading up to 26 July 2024, comparing them to the same period in the previous two years.

6 months to
26 Jul 2024
Same period 2023 Same period 2022
Rank 58 69 37
Rank change year-on-year +11 -32 -14
Permanent jobs citing CSS 3,440 3,545 14,375
As % of all permanent jobs advertised in the UK 3.81% 4.39% 8.20%
As % of the Libraries, Frameworks & Software Standards category 19.54% 15.89% 20.81%
Number of salaries quoted 2,175 2,919 5,719
10th Percentile £31,250 £36,250 £32,500
25th Percentile £38,750 £45,000 £41,250
Median annual salary (50th Percentile) £52,500 £56,318 £55,000
Median % change year-on-year -6.78% +2.40% +10.00%
75th Percentile £67,500 £75,000 £71,248
90th Percentile £80,000 £90,000 £86,250
UK excluding London median annual salary £50,000 £52,500 £50,000
% change year-on-year -4.76% +5.00% +11.11%

All Software Libraries and Frameworks
UK

CSS falls under the Software Libraries and Frameworks category. For comparison with the information above, the following table provides summary statistics for all permanent job vacancies requiring technical specification, industry standards, software libraries and framework skills.

Permanent vacancies with a requirement for technical specification, industry standards, software libraries and framework skills 17,601 22,313 69,061
As % of all permanent jobs advertised in the UK 19.48% 27.65% 39.40%
Number of salaries quoted 12,656 16,103 29,822
10th Percentile £36,750 £41,250 £38,000
25th Percentile £46,250 £51,250 £47,500
Median annual salary (50th Percentile) £60,000 £67,500 £65,000
Median % change year-on-year -11.11% +3.85% +13.04%
75th Percentile £80,000 £85,875 £83,000
90th Percentile £105,000 £106,289 £100,000
UK excluding London median annual salary £55,000 £57,500 £55,000
% change year-on-year -4.35% +4.55% +10.00%

CSS
Job Vacancy Trend

Job postings citing CSS as a proportion of all IT jobs advertised.

Job vacancy trend for CSS in the UK

CSS
Salary Trend

3-month moving average salary quoted in jobs citing CSS.

Salary trend for CSS in the UK

CSS
Salary Histogram

Salary distribution for jobs citing CSS over the 6 months to 26 July 2024.

Salary histogram for CSS in the UK

CSS
Top 17 Job Locations

The table below looks at the demand and provides a guide to the median salaries quoted in IT jobs citing CSS within the UK over the 6 months to 26 July 2024. The 'Rank Change' column provides an indication of the change in demand within each location based on the same 6 month period last year.

Location Rank Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Matching
Permanent
IT Job Ads
Median Salary
Past 6 Months
Median Salary
% Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Live
Jobs
England +12 2,881 £52,500 -8.70% 406
UK excluding London +22 2,676 £50,000 -4.76% 382
Work from Home -9 1,206 £50,500 -8.87% 258
South East 0 663 £55,000 +2.80% 99
North of England +31 654 £47,500 -9.52% 104
London -52 619 £65,000 -7.14% 81
North West +44 446 £50,000 -4.76% 58
Midlands +43 408 £45,000 -18.18% 66
South West +27 312 £50,000 - 37
Scotland +23 298 £55,000 - 27
East Midlands +72 216 £45,000 -18.18% 22
East of England +23 212 £50,000 -9.09% 46
West Midlands +9 187 £47,500 -13.64% 44
Yorkshire +12 174 £45,000 -14.29% 31
Wales +8 76 £45,000 - 9
Northern Ireland +20 53 £45,000 -14.29% 19
North East -9 34 £42,750 -20.47% 16

CSS
Co-occurring Skills and Capabilities by Category

The follow tables expand on the table above by listing co-occurrences grouped by category. The same employment type, locality and period is covered with up to 20 co-occurrences shown in each of the following categories:

Application Platforms
1 224 (6.51%) ArcGIS
2 214 (6.22%) GeoServer
3 207 (6.02%) CMS
4 200 (5.81%) WordPress
5 80 (2.33%) SharePoint
6 68 (1.98%) IIS
7 53 (1.54%) FileNet
8 40 (1.16%) nginx
9 36 (1.05%) Umbraco
10 35 (1.02%) Apache
11 32 (0.93%) Drupal
12 25 (0.73%) SAS
13 17 (0.49%) Cloud Foundry
14 15 (0.44%) Apache Solr
15 11 (0.32%) Confluence
16 10 (0.29%) Headless CMS
17 7 (0.20%) JBoss
17 7 (0.20%) Moodle
18 6 (0.17%) WinCC
19 5 (0.15%) IBM Notes
Applications
1 46 (1.34%) Adobe XD
2 44 (1.28%) Photoshop
3 24 (0.70%) Adobe Creative Suite
3 24 (0.70%) Microsoft Excel
4 22 (0.64%) Sketch
5 21 (0.61%) Adobe Illustrator
6 17 (0.49%) Microsoft Office
7 12 (0.35%) InVision
8 9 (0.26%) Trello
9 7 (0.20%) MS Visio
10 6 (0.17%) MadCap Flare
10 6 (0.17%) RoboHelp
11 5 (0.15%) Adobe After Effects
11 5 (0.15%) Microsoft PowerPoint
12 4 (0.12%) InDesign
13 3 (0.087%) Adobe Premiere
13 3 (0.087%) SPSS
14 2 (0.058%) Acrobat
14 2 (0.058%) Final Cut Pro
15 1 (0.029%) Spreadsheet
Business Applications
1 53 (1.54%) Magento
2 39 (1.13%) Shopify
3 37 (1.08%) SDL Web 8
4 22 (0.64%) Dynamics CRM
5 17 (0.49%) Remedy ITSM
6 16 (0.47%) Salesforce CRM
7 13 (0.38%) Payment Gateway
8 10 (0.29%) NEC Housing
9 8 (0.23%) Sage 200
10 6 (0.17%) Sage 50
10 6 (0.17%) SAP ERP
10 6 (0.17%) SAP SD
11 5 (0.15%) NetSuite
12 2 (0.058%) CiviCRM
12 2 (0.058%) SAP GRC
13 1 (0.029%) nopCommerce
13 1 (0.029%) SAP Business One
13 1 (0.029%) SAP PLM
13 1 (0.029%) Teamcenter
13 1 (0.029%) Towers Watson Igloo
Cloud Services
1 1,232 (35.81%) Azure
2 728 (21.16%) AWS
3 340 (9.88%) Azure DevOps
4 265 (7.70%) IBM Cloud
5 190 (5.52%) Serverless
6 165 (4.80%) GitHub
7 161 (4.68%) Azure Service Bus
8 152 (4.42%) Azure Functions
9 147 (4.27%) SaaS
10 142 (4.13%) Azure Logic Apps
11 126 (3.66%) Azure API Management
12 119 (3.46%) Power Platform
13 76 (2.21%) Amazon S3
13 76 (2.21%) GCP
14 72 (2.09%) Figma
15 65 (1.89%) Power Automate
16 58 (1.69%) Google Analytics
17 53 (1.54%) PowerApps
18 48 (1.40%) Dynamics 365
19 43 (1.25%) Microsoft 365
Communications & Networking
1 41 (1.19%) DNS
2 39 (1.13%) Internet
3 36 (1.05%) HTTP
4 33 (0.96%) TCP/IP
5 32 (0.93%) SSL
6 23 (0.67%) Firewall
7 18 (0.52%) Network Security
8 15 (0.44%) MQTT
9 11 (0.32%) VPN
10 10 (0.29%) Intranet
11 6 (0.17%) FTP
11 6 (0.17%) Wi-Fi
11 6 (0.17%) Wireless
12 5 (0.15%) Reverse Proxy
12 5 (0.15%) RS-232
12 5 (0.15%) SSH
13 4 (0.12%) RS-485
13 4 (0.12%) SAN
13 4 (0.12%) SMS
13 4 (0.12%) Wireshark
Database & Business Intelligence
1 602 (17.50%) SQL Server
2 598 (17.38%) PostgreSQL
3 405 (11.77%) MySQL
4 385 (11.19%) NoSQL
5 311 (9.04%) MongoDB
6 280 (8.14%) Relational Database
7 246 (7.15%) DB2
8 240 (6.98%) GIS
9 214 (6.22%) QGIS
10 104 (3.02%) Elasticsearch
11 73 (2.12%) Power BI
12 58 (1.69%) Azure SQL Database
13 55 (1.60%) Apache Cassandra
14 38 (1.10%) Tableau
15 23 (0.67%) Redis
16 22 (0.64%) SQL Server Reporting Services
17 21 (0.61%) Oracle Database
18 19 (0.55%) Geospatial Data
19 17 (0.49%) Amazon RDS
20 15 (0.44%) MariaDB
Development Applications
1 691 (20.09%) Git
2 187 (5.44%) JIRA
3 155 (4.51%) JUnit
4 144 (4.19%) Visual Studio
5 139 (4.04%) Cypress.io
6 107 (3.11%) Selenium
7 80 (2.33%) Jasmine
8 66 (1.92%) Karma Test Runner
9 63 (1.83%) Protractor
10 61 (1.77%) WebDriver
11 55 (1.60%) TeamCity
12 50 (1.45%) GitLab
12 50 (1.45%) NUnit
13 47 (1.37%) Moq
14 46 (1.34%) Jenkins
15 45 (1.31%) webpack
16 43 (1.25%) Team Foundation Server
17 36 (1.05%) Octopus Deploy
18 35 (1.02%) Bitbucket
19 28 (0.81%) gulp
General
1 718 (20.87%) Social Skills
2 427 (12.41%) Finance
3 412 (11.98%) Inclusion and Diversity
4 342 (9.94%) Public Sector
5 338 (9.83%) Marketing
6 261 (7.59%) Law
7 161 (4.68%) Analytical Skills
8 129 (3.75%) Banking
9 123 (3.58%) Retail
10 121 (3.52%) Legal
11 90 (2.62%) Investment Banking
12 47 (1.37%) Advertising
12 47 (1.37%) Games
13 39 (1.13%) Multimedia
14 37 (1.08%) Organisational Skills
15 35 (1.02%) Automotive
16 31 (0.90%) Manufacturing
17 26 (0.76%) Presentation Skills
18 22 (0.64%) Tech for Good
19 21 (0.61%) Telecoms
Job Titles
1 2,190 (63.66%) Developer
2 728 (21.16%) Senior
3 540 (15.70%) Software Engineer
4 481 (13.98%) Full Stack Developer
5 456 (13.26%) Senior Developer
6 388 (11.28%) .NET Developer
7 290 (8.43%) Lead
8 268 (7.79%) PHP Developer
9 261 (7.59%) Full Stack Engineer
10 226 (6.57%) Software Developer
11 223 (6.48%) Web Developer
12 218 (6.34%) Front-End Developer (Client-Side Developer)
13 202 (5.87%) C# Developer
14 173 (5.03%) Senior Software Engineer
15 160 (4.65%) Azure Developer
16 127 (3.69%) C# .NET Developer
17 112 (3.26%) Azure Engineer
18 108 (3.14%) Java Engineer
19 105 (3.05%) Lead Developer
20 102 (2.97%) Java Software Engineer
Libraries, Frameworks & Software Standards
1 3,017 (87.70%) HTML
2 1,527 (44.39%) React
3 1,499 (43.58%) .NET
4 934 (27.15%) AngularJS
5 836 (24.30%) jQuery
6 735 (21.37%) ASP.NET
7 630 (18.31%) Twitter Bootstrap
8 592 (17.21%) HTML5
9 585 (17.01%) Vue
10 542 (15.76%) .NET Core
11 541 (15.73%) Web Services
12 534 (15.52%) Node.js
13 519 (15.09%) REST
14 392 (11.40%) CSS3
15 353 (10.26%) RESTful
16 344 (10.00%) JSON
17 322 (9.36%) .NET Framework
18 293 (8.52%) Laravel
19 287 (8.34%) ASP.NET Core
20 275 (7.99%) Entity Framework
Miscellaneous
1 360 (10.47%) Data Structures
2 345 (10.03%) Algorithms
3 268 (7.79%) Blockchain
4 265 (7.70%) Hybrid Cloud
5 134 (3.90%) Self-Motivation
6 131 (3.81%) Greenfield Project
7 127 (3.69%) e-Learning
8 114 (3.31%) Cloud Native
9 108 (3.14%) Mobile App
10 96 (2.79%) Product Ownership
11 62 (1.80%) Legacy Systems
12 53 (1.54%) Onboarding
13 50 (1.45%) Legacy Code
14 44 (1.28%) CMDB
15 40 (1.16%) Social Media
16 39 (1.13%) NHS
17 36 (1.05%) IoT
17 36 (1.05%) Management Information System
18 33 (0.96%) Graphic Design
19 29 (0.84%) Virtual Team
Operating Systems
1 440 (12.79%) Linux
2 361 (10.49%) Windows
3 286 (8.31%) Android
4 279 (8.11%) Apple iOS
5 12 (0.35%) Unix
6 8 (0.23%) Red Hat Enterprise Linux
7 7 (0.20%) Ubuntu
7 7 (0.20%) VMS
7 7 (0.20%) Windows Server
8 5 (0.15%) AIX
9 3 (0.087%) CentOS
10 2 (0.058%) Mac OS X
11 1 (0.029%) Alpine Linux
11 1 (0.029%) Kali Linux
11 1 (0.029%) Mac OS
11 1 (0.029%) VxWorks
Processes & Methodologies
1 1,375 (39.97%) Agile
2 1,155 (33.58%) Full Stack Development
3 1,088 (31.63%) Web Development
4 806 (23.43%) DevOps
5 784 (22.79%) Software Engineering
6 722 (20.99%) MVC
7 705 (20.49%) User Experience
8 689 (20.03%) Problem-Solving
9 522 (15.17%) Artificial Intelligence
10 478 (13.90%) Front End Development
11 471 (13.69%) OO
12 438 (12.73%) OOP
13 415 (12.06%) Computer Science
14 393 (11.42%) Design Patterns
15 391 (11.37%) Mentoring
16 379 (11.02%) CI/CD
17 344 (10.00%) Responsive Web Design
18 338 (9.83%) SOLID
19 313 (9.10%) E-Commerce
20 283 (8.23%) TDD
Programming Languages
1 2,944 (85.58%) JavaScript
2 1,528 (44.42%) C#
3 1,142 (33.20%) SQL
4 668 (19.42%) TypeScript
5 646 (18.78%) Python
6 587 (17.06%) Java
7 586 (17.03%) PHP
8 149 (4.33%) T-SQL
9 54 (1.57%) C++
10 48 (1.40%) VB.NET
11 45 (1.31%) C
12 39 (1.13%) PowerShell
13 34 (0.99%) Ruby
14 32 (0.93%) Go
15 25 (0.73%) XPath
16 22 (0.64%) Kotlin
16 22 (0.64%) PL/SQL
17 21 (0.61%) Apex Code
18 19 (0.55%) XAML
19 18 (0.52%) VB
Qualifications
1 604 (17.56%) Degree
2 290 (8.43%) Security Cleared
3 255 (7.41%) SC Cleared
4 215 (6.25%) Computer Science Degree
5 40 (1.16%) Microsoft Certification
6 35 (1.02%) Master's Degree
7 27 (0.78%) BPSS Clearance
8 23 (0.67%) DBS Check
9 10 (0.29%) Azure Certification
9 10 (0.29%) Postgraduate
10 6 (0.17%) DV Cleared
10 6 (0.17%) HND
11 4 (0.12%) CTC Cleared
11 4 (0.12%) ITIL Certification
12 3 (0.087%) PMI Certification
13 2 (0.058%) ISO 27001 Lead Auditor
13 2 (0.058%) Numerate Degree
14 1 (0.029%) CHECK Team Leader
14 1 (0.029%) CHECK Team Member
14 1 (0.029%) OSCP
Quality Assurance & Compliance
1 188 (5.47%) Accessibility
2 147 (4.27%) QA
3 60 (1.74%) WCAG
4 31 (0.90%) GDPR
5 21 (0.61%) SLA
6 7 (0.20%) ISO/IEC 27001
7 6 (0.17%) IEC 61131
7 6 (0.17%) PMO
8 5 (0.15%) GRC
8 5 (0.15%) MiFID
9 3 (0.087%) Data Quality
9 3 (0.087%) HIPAA
10 2 (0.058%) Cyber Essentials
10 2 (0.058%) ISO 9001
11 1 (0.029%) NIST
11 1 (0.029%) Sarbanes-Oxley
11 1 (0.029%) WAI
System Software
1 190 (5.52%) Docker
2 16 (0.47%) Active Directory
3 8 (0.23%) Firmware
4 6 (0.17%) Virtual Desktop
5 5 (0.15%) VMware Infrastructure
6 4 (0.12%) Hyper-V
6 4 (0.12%) Virtual Machines
7 3 (0.087%) KVM
7 3 (0.087%) VMware ESXi
8 2 (0.058%) Terminal Services
Systems Management
1 177 (5.15%) Kubernetes
2 38 (1.10%) Terraform
3 29 (0.84%) Single Sign-On
4 11 (0.32%) Ansible
5 9 (0.26%) MIIS
6 6 (0.17%) Active Directory Federation Services
6 6 (0.17%) Nagios
6 6 (0.17%) Progress Chef
6 6 (0.17%) Puppet
7 5 (0.15%) cPanel
7 5 (0.15%) Istio
7 5 (0.15%) Plesk
8 3 (0.087%) Galera Cluster
9 2 (0.058%) RSA Archer
9 2 (0.058%) WMI
10 1 (0.029%) Grafana
10 1 (0.029%) HP UCMDB
10 1 (0.029%) Kibana
10 1 (0.029%) Nmap
10 1 (0.029%) TeamSite
Vendors
1 300 (8.72%) Microsoft
2 271 (7.88%) Red Hat
3 265 (7.70%) IBM
4 225 (6.54%) ESRI
5 142 (4.13%) Oracle
6 139 (4.04%) Adobe
7 123 (3.58%) Google
8 59 (1.72%) Salesforce
8 59 (1.72%) ServiceNow
9 31 (0.90%) WooCommerce
10 24 (0.70%) OpenAI
10 24 (0.70%) SAP
11 23 (0.67%) HP
12 20 (0.58%) Facebook
13 19 (0.55%) Atlassian
14 18 (0.52%) Cognizant
14 18 (0.52%) Xamarin
15 17 (0.49%) BMC
15 17 (0.49%) Remedy
15 17 (0.49%) Splunk