CSS (Cascading Style Sheets)
UK

The following table provides summary statistics for permanent job vacancies with a requirement for CSS skills. Included is a benchmarking guide to the salaries offered in vacancies that have cited CSS over the 6 months to 27 April 2024 with a comparison to the same period in the previous 2 years.

6 months to
27 Apr 2024
Same period 2023 Same period 2022
Rank 58 44 35
Rank change year-on-year -14 -9 -11
Permanent jobs citing CSS 4,105 6,623 13,013
As % of all permanent jobs advertised in the UK 4.19% 6.33% 8.44%
As % of the Libraries, Frameworks & Software Standards category 19.57% 20.87% 21.02%
Number of salaries quoted 2,867 3,358 6,072
10th Percentile £31,500 £37,039 £32,500
25th Percentile £38,750 £44,693 £40,000
Median annual salary (50th Percentile) £52,500 £57,500 £55,000
Median % change year-on-year -8.70% +4.55% +10.00%
75th Percentile £68,750 £76,250 £70,000
90th Percentile £81,250 £92,500 £86,250
UK excluding London median annual salary £50,000 £52,500 £48,500
% change year-on-year -4.76% +8.25% +7.78%

All Software Libraries and Frameworks
UK

CSS is in the Software Libraries and Frameworks category. The following table is for comparison with the above and provides summary statistics for all permanent job vacancies with a requirement for technical specification, industry standards, software libraries and framework skills.

Permanent vacancies with a requirement for technical specification, industry standards, software libraries and framework skills 20,974 31,729 61,916
As % of all permanent jobs advertised in the UK 21.39% 30.32% 40.17%
Number of salaries quoted 15,673 19,469 30,328
10th Percentile £36,250 £41,117 £37,500
25th Percentile £45,000 £50,000 £47,500
Median annual salary (50th Percentile) £60,000 £67,500 £62,500
Median % change year-on-year -11.11% +8.00% +13.64%
75th Percentile £79,600 £87,500 £82,500
90th Percentile £100,000 £106,250 £100,000
UK excluding London median annual salary £55,000 £57,500 £55,000
% change year-on-year -4.35% +4.55% +10.00%

CSS
Job Vacancy Trend

Job postings citing CSS as a proportion of all IT jobs advertised.

Job vacancy trend for CSS in the UK

CSS
Salary Trend

3-month moving average salary quoted in jobs citing CSS.

Salary trend for CSS in the UK

CSS
Salary Histogram

Salary distribution for jobs citing CSS over the 6 months to 27 April 2024.

Salary histogram for CSS in the UK

CSS
Top 17 Job Locations

The table below looks at the demand and provides a guide to the median salaries quoted in IT jobs citing CSS within the UK over the 6 months to 27 April 2024. The 'Rank Change' column provides an indication of the change in demand within each location based on the same 6 month period last year.

Location Rank Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Matching
Permanent
IT Job Ads
Median Salary
Past 6 Months
Median Salary
% Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Live
Jobs
England -16 3,361 £52,500 -8.70% 806
UK excluding London -19 3,212 £50,000 -4.76% 579
Work from Home +2 1,698 £55,000 -3.60% 471
London -34 754 £70,000 - 259
North of England -16 753 £47,500 -8.65% 170
South East -18 699 £55,000 +4.76% 101
North West -16 491 £50,000 -0.47% 104
Midlands -22 454 £45,000 -18.18% 120
Scotland -10 430 £60,000 +14.29% 37
South West +21 426 £50,000 +5.26% 81
East of England 0 282 £50,000 -9.09% 62
East Midlands +5 247 £45,000 -15.09% 50
Yorkshire -15 203 £45,000 -10.00% 51
West Midlands -50 202 £47,500 -13.64% 70
Wales +13 106 £50,000 +11.11% 15
Northern Ireland +13 62 £45,000 -14.29% 8
North East -3 59 £42,500 -22.73% 15

CSS
Co-occurring Skills and Capabilities by Category

The follow tables expand on the table above by listing co-occurrences grouped by category. The same employment type, locality and period is covered with up to 20 co-occurrences shown in each of the following categories:

Application Platforms
1 291 (7.09%) ArcGIS
2 282 (6.87%) GeoServer
3 241 (5.87%) WordPress
4 227 (5.53%) CMS
5 91 (2.22%) SharePoint
6 71 (1.73%) IIS
7 52 (1.27%) FileNet
8 51 (1.24%) Drupal
9 48 (1.17%) Umbraco
10 38 (0.93%) Apache
11 34 (0.83%) nginx
12 25 (0.61%) SAS
13 21 (0.51%) Confluence
14 19 (0.46%) Cloud Foundry
15 14 (0.34%) Apache Solr
16 12 (0.29%) Headless CMS
17 11 (0.27%) Microsoft Exchange
17 11 (0.27%) Moodle
18 10 (0.24%) Sitecore CMS
19 7 (0.17%) Joomla!
Applications
1 63 (1.53%) Photoshop
2 48 (1.17%) Adobe XD
3 34 (0.83%) Microsoft Excel
4 32 (0.78%) Adobe Creative Suite
4 32 (0.78%) Adobe Illustrator
4 32 (0.78%) Microsoft Office
5 25 (0.61%) Sketch
6 12 (0.29%) InVision
7 9 (0.22%) Trello
8 8 (0.19%) Adobe After Effects
8 8 (0.19%) InDesign
9 7 (0.17%) Acrobat
9 7 (0.17%) Microsoft PowerPoint
10 5 (0.12%) Adobe Premiere
11 4 (0.097%) SPSS
12 3 (0.073%) Final Cut Pro
12 3 (0.073%) Spreadsheet
12 3 (0.073%) UserZoom
13 2 (0.049%) FileZilla
14 1 (0.024%) Notion
Business Applications
1 64 (1.56%) Magento
2 53 (1.29%) Shopify
3 37 (0.90%) Dynamics CRM
4 27 (0.66%) SDL Web 8
5 24 (0.58%) Remedy ITSM
6 18 (0.44%) Payment Gateway
7 11 (0.27%) Salesforce CRM
8 6 (0.15%) SAP PLM
8 6 (0.15%) Teamcenter
9 5 (0.12%) NetSuite
10 3 (0.073%) Maximo
10 3 (0.073%) Sage 200
10 3 (0.073%) SAP Business One
11 2 (0.049%) CiviCRM
11 2 (0.049%) nopCommerce
11 2 (0.049%) SAP GRC
12 1 (0.024%) Dynamics NAV
12 1 (0.024%) Sage 50
12 1 (0.024%) Towers Watson Igloo
Cloud Services
1 1,529 (37.25%) Azure
2 854 (20.80%) AWS
3 398 (9.70%) Azure DevOps
4 221 (5.38%) IBM Cloud
5 202 (4.92%) Serverless
6 178 (4.34%) SaaS
7 152 (3.70%) Azure Functions
8 143 (3.48%) GitHub
9 142 (3.46%) Azure Service Bus
10 136 (3.31%) Azure Logic Apps
11 132 (3.22%) Power Platform
12 117 (2.85%) Azure API Management
13 92 (2.24%) GCP
14 91 (2.22%) Figma
15 84 (2.05%) Amazon S3
16 66 (1.61%) Power Automate
17 60 (1.46%) PowerApps
18 59 (1.44%) Google Analytics
19 56 (1.36%) Dynamics 365
20 54 (1.32%) Microsoft 365
Communications & Networking
1 80 (1.95%) Internet
2 57 (1.39%) HTTP
3 56 (1.36%) TCP/IP
4 50 (1.22%) DNS
5 38 (0.93%) SSL
6 24 (0.58%) MQTT
7 23 (0.56%) LAN
7 23 (0.56%) WAN
8 22 (0.54%) Firewall
9 17 (0.41%) SSH
10 16 (0.39%) SNMP
10 16 (0.39%) VPN
11 14 (0.34%) Network Security
12 13 (0.32%) Modbus
13 8 (0.19%) Intranet
14 7 (0.17%) OpenVPN
15 6 (0.15%) Wi-Fi
16 5 (0.12%) FTP
16 5 (0.12%) Reverse Proxy
16 5 (0.12%) VoIP
Database & Business Intelligence
1 816 (19.88%) SQL Server
2 691 (16.83%) PostgreSQL
3 477 (11.62%) MySQL
4 414 (10.09%) NoSQL
5 331 (8.06%) MongoDB
6 324 (7.89%) Relational Database
7 312 (7.60%) GIS
8 282 (6.87%) QGIS
9 223 (5.43%) DB2
10 184 (4.48%) Azure SQL Database
11 107 (2.61%) Elasticsearch
12 83 (2.02%) Power BI
13 54 (1.32%) Apache Cassandra
14 44 (1.07%) Redis
15 35 (0.85%) Tableau
16 26 (0.63%) Looker
17 25 (0.61%) DynamoDB
18 23 (0.56%) Oracle Database
18 23 (0.56%) SQL Server Reporting Services
19 22 (0.54%) MariaDB
Development Applications
1 798 (19.44%) Git
2 194 (4.73%) JIRA
3 176 (4.29%) Visual Studio
4 138 (3.36%) JUnit
5 137 (3.34%) Cypress.io
6 109 (2.66%) Selenium
7 96 (2.34%) Jasmine
8 81 (1.97%) Karma Test Runner
9 66 (1.61%) GitLab
10 65 (1.58%) WebDriver
11 62 (1.51%) Jenkins
11 62 (1.51%) Protractor
11 62 (1.51%) webpack
12 55 (1.34%) Bitbucket
13 50 (1.22%) gulp
14 48 (1.17%) Visual Studio Code
15 46 (1.12%) Team Foundation Server
16 44 (1.07%) NUnit
17 43 (1.05%) TeamCity
18 40 (0.97%) Moq
General
1 796 (19.39%) Social Skills
2 578 (14.08%) Finance
3 457 (11.13%) Inclusion and Diversity
4 446 (10.86%) Marketing
5 326 (7.94%) Public Sector
6 306 (7.45%) Law
7 200 (4.87%) Banking
8 198 (4.82%) Analytical Skills
9 168 (4.09%) Retail
10 101 (2.46%) Legal
11 98 (2.39%) Investment Banking
12 76 (1.85%) Advertising
13 65 (1.58%) Games
14 53 (1.29%) Manufacturing
15 46 (1.12%) Telecoms
16 41 (1.00%) Organisational Skills
17 32 (0.78%) Electronics
18 27 (0.66%) Presentation Skills
19 25 (0.61%) Tech for Good
20 24 (0.58%) Publishing
Job Titles
1 2,630 (64.07%) Developer
2 895 (21.80%) Senior
3 709 (17.27%) Software Engineer
4 544 (13.25%) .NET Developer
5 507 (12.35%) Full Stack Developer
6 484 (11.79%) Senior Developer
7 322 (7.84%) Lead
7 322 (7.84%) Software Developer
8 300 (7.31%) Front-End Developer (Client-Side Developer)
9 291 (7.09%) PHP Developer
10 278 (6.77%) Senior Software Engineer
11 246 (5.99%) C# Developer
12 245 (5.97%) Full Stack Engineer
13 222 (5.41%) Web Developer
14 165 (4.02%) Azure Developer
14 165 (4.02%) C# .NET Developer
15 135 (3.29%) React Developer
16 132 (3.22%) Lead Software Engineer
17 121 (2.95%) Lead Developer
18 116 (2.83%) Java Engineer
Libraries, Frameworks & Software Standards
1 3,504 (85.36%) HTML
2 1,803 (43.92%) .NET
3 1,733 (42.22%) React
4 1,108 (26.99%) AngularJS
5 912 (22.22%) jQuery
6 896 (21.83%) ASP.NET
7 816 (19.88%) .NET Core
8 794 (19.34%) HTML5
9 686 (16.71%) Vue
10 653 (15.91%) Node.js
11 624 (15.20%) Twitter Bootstrap
12 569 (13.86%) CSS3
13 550 (13.40%) Web Services
14 549 (13.37%) REST
15 424 (10.33%) Entity Framework
16 412 (10.04%) .NET Framework
17 390 (9.50%) RESTful
18 375 (9.14%) ASP.NET MVC
19 360 (8.77%) JSON
20 353 (8.60%) Laravel
Miscellaneous
1 359 (8.75%) Data Structures
2 326 (7.94%) Algorithms
3 231 (5.63%) Blockchain
4 221 (5.38%) Hybrid Cloud
5 159 (3.87%) Greenfield Project
6 138 (3.36%) Cloud Native
7 129 (3.14%) Mobile App
8 122 (2.97%) Self-Motivation
9 110 (2.68%) e-Learning
10 108 (2.63%) Product Ownership
11 62 (1.51%) CMDB
12 60 (1.46%) Onboarding
13 50 (1.22%) Public Cloud
14 48 (1.17%) Legacy Systems
15 47 (1.14%) IoT
16 41 (1.00%) Enterprise Software
16 41 (1.00%) Management Information System
16 41 (1.00%) Social Media
17 39 (0.95%) Virtual Team
18 37 (0.90%) Low-Code
Operating Systems
1 432 (10.52%) Linux
2 376 (9.16%) Windows
3 283 (6.89%) Android
4 274 (6.67%) Apple iOS
5 22 (0.54%) Unix
6 11 (0.27%) Windows Server
7 9 (0.22%) Mac OS
7 9 (0.22%) Ubuntu
8 7 (0.17%) CentOS
9 5 (0.12%) Red Hat Enterprise Linux
10 4 (0.097%) AIX
10 4 (0.097%) VMS
11 2 (0.049%) Mac OS X
Processes & Methodologies
1 1,705 (41.53%) Agile
2 1,315 (32.03%) Full Stack Development
3 1,179 (28.72%) Web Development
4 994 (24.21%) Software Engineering
5 981 (23.90%) DevOps
6 930 (22.66%) MVC
7 796 (19.39%) User Experience
8 748 (18.22%) Problem-Solving
9 612 (14.91%) Front End Development
10 509 (12.40%) Artificial Intelligence
11 451 (10.99%) OOP
12 450 (10.96%) OO
13 447 (10.89%) CI/CD
14 437 (10.65%) TDD
15 432 (10.52%) Design Patterns
16 415 (10.11%) Mentoring
17 397 (9.67%) Computer Science
18 351 (8.55%) E-Commerce
19 341 (8.31%) Responsive Web Design
20 317 (7.72%) Actionable Insight
Programming Languages
1 3,425 (83.43%) JavaScript
2 1,786 (43.51%) C#
3 1,385 (33.74%) SQL
4 796 (19.39%) TypeScript
5 729 (17.76%) PHP
6 725 (17.66%) Python
7 625 (15.23%) Java
8 182 (4.43%) T-SQL
9 65 (1.58%) PowerShell
10 58 (1.41%) C++
11 50 (1.22%) Go
12 45 (1.10%) C
13 43 (1.05%) Ruby
14 42 (1.02%) VB.NET
15 38 (0.93%) VB
16 32 (0.78%) JSX
17 26 (0.63%) Kotlin
18 25 (0.61%) VBA
19 24 (0.58%) PL/SQL
20 23 (0.56%) XAML
Qualifications
1 628 (15.30%) Degree
2 365 (8.89%) Security Cleared
3 334 (8.14%) SC Cleared
4 209 (5.09%) Computer Science Degree
5 61 (1.49%) Microsoft Certification
6 27 (0.66%) BPSS Clearance
7 21 (0.51%) CTC Cleared
7 21 (0.51%) Master's Degree
8 19 (0.46%) DBS Check
9 12 (0.29%) Postgraduate
10 10 (0.24%) Azure Certification
11 6 (0.15%) HND
11 6 (0.15%) ITIL Foundation Certificate
12 4 (0.097%) ISEB
12 4 (0.097%) ISTQB
12 4 (0.097%) PMI Certification
13 3 (0.073%) AWS Certification
13 3 (0.073%) MCPD
13 3 (0.073%) MCT
14 2 (0.049%) DV Cleared
Quality Assurance & Compliance
1 221 (5.38%) Accessibility
2 175 (4.26%) QA
3 79 (1.92%) WCAG
4 31 (0.76%) PMO
5 26 (0.63%) GDPR
6 23 (0.56%) SLA
7 19 (0.46%) WAI
8 5 (0.12%) ISO/IEC 27001
9 4 (0.097%) GRC
9 4 (0.097%) ISO 9001
10 3 (0.073%) Data Quality
10 3 (0.073%) HIPAA
10 3 (0.073%) MiFID
10 3 (0.073%) PCI DSS
11 2 (0.049%) Cyber Essentials
11 2 (0.049%) HL7
12 1 (0.024%) ISO 13485
12 1 (0.024%) NIST
System Software
1 258 (6.29%) Docker
2 23 (0.56%) Active Directory
3 16 (0.39%) Firmware
4 5 (0.12%) VMware Infrastructure
5 3 (0.073%) Virtual Desktop
6 2 (0.049%) Terminal Services
7 1 (0.024%) NFS
7 1 (0.024%) Varnish
Systems Management
1 210 (5.12%) Kubernetes
2 39 (0.95%) Terraform
3 23 (0.56%) Single Sign-On
4 13 (0.32%) WMI
5 10 (0.24%) MIIS
6 8 (0.19%) HP UCMDB
7 7 (0.17%) cPanel
8 6 (0.15%) Ansible
9 3 (0.073%) Active Directory Federation Services
9 3 (0.073%) Galera Cluster
9 3 (0.073%) logstash
9 3 (0.073%) Nagios
9 3 (0.073%) Progress Chef
9 3 (0.073%) Puppet
10 2 (0.049%) Istio
10 2 (0.049%) Plesk
10 2 (0.049%) RSA Archer
11 1 (0.024%) Kibana
11 1 (0.024%) systemd
11 1 (0.024%) TeamSite
Vendors
1 574 (13.98%) Microsoft
2 292 (7.11%) ESRI
3 224 (5.46%) Red Hat
4 221 (5.38%) IBM
5 219 (5.33%) Oracle
6 163 (3.97%) Adobe
7 132 (3.22%) Google
8 64 (1.56%) ServiceNow
9 53 (1.29%) Facebook
10 50 (1.22%) WooCommerce
11 46 (1.12%) Salesforce
12 44 (1.07%) SAP
13 39 (0.95%) Atlassian
14 34 (0.83%) Xamarin
15 27 (0.66%) HP
16 24 (0.58%) BMC
16 24 (0.58%) Remedy
17 20 (0.49%) Splunk
18 16 (0.39%) F5
18 16 (0.39%) OpenAI