SQL (Structured Query Language)
UK

The table below provides summary statistics for permanent job vacancies requiring SQL skills. It includes a benchmarking guide to the annual salaries offered in vacancies that cited SQL over the 6 months leading up to 30 April 2025, comparing them to the same period in the previous two years.

6 months to
30 Apr 2025
Same period 2024 Same period 2023
Rank 13 10 8
Rank change year-on-year -3 -2 +1
Permanent jobs citing SQL 5,024 12,213 17,298
As % of all permanent jobs advertised in the UK 9.63% 12.42% 16.63%
As % of the Programming Languages category 32.07% 36.76% 38.31%
Number of salaries quoted 3,798 8,938 10,432
10th Percentile £32,500 £32,500 £36,250
25th Percentile £43,750 £41,250 £45,000
Median annual salary (50th Percentile) £60,000 £55,000 £59,526
Median % change year-on-year +9.09% -7.60% +8.23%
75th Percentile £77,500 £73,250 £76,250
90th Percentile £97,500 £91,934 £92,500
UK excluding London median annual salary £52,500 £50,000 £52,500
% change year-on-year +5.00% -4.76% +5.00%

All Programming Languages
UK

SQL falls under the Programming Languages category. For comparison with the information above, the following table provides summary statistics for all permanent job vacancies requiring coding skills.

Permanent vacancies with a requirement for coding skills 15,664 33,221 45,157
As % of all permanent jobs advertised in the UK 30.03% 33.78% 43.42%
Number of salaries quoted 11,561 25,021 28,803
10th Percentile £37,500 £35,000 £38,750
25th Percentile £47,683 £45,000 £49,500
Median annual salary (50th Percentile) £60,000 £60,000 £65,000
Median % change year-on-year - -7.69% +4.00%
75th Percentile £82,500 £77,500 £86,250
90th Percentile £106,250 £100,000 £106,250
UK excluding London median annual salary £55,000 £53,500 £55,000
% change year-on-year +2.80% -2.73% +2.33%

SQL
Job Vacancy Trend

Job postings citing SQL as a proportion of all IT jobs advertised.

Job vacancy trend for SQL in the UK

SQL
Salary Trend

3-month moving average salary quoted in jobs citing SQL.

Salary trend for SQL in the UK

SQL
Salary Histogram

Salary distribution for jobs citing SQL over the 6 months to 30 April 2025.

Salary histogram for SQL in the UK

SQL
Top 19 Job Locations

The table below looks at the demand and provides a guide to the median salaries quoted in IT jobs citing SQL within the UK over the 6 months to 30 April 2025. The 'Rank Change' column provides an indication of the change in demand within each location based on the same 6 month period last year.

Location Rank Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Matching
Permanent
IT Job Ads
Median Salary
Past 6 Months
Median Salary
% Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Live
Jobs
England -3 4,563 £60,000 +9.09% 4,058
UK excluding London -9 2,966 £52,500 +5.00% 1,981
Work from Home 0 2,142 £62,500 +8.70% 2,237
London -3 1,795 £75,000 +7.14% 2,236
North of England -22 759 £52,000 +4.00% 602
South East -4 727 £55,000 +10.00% 427
Midlands -11 581 £52,500 +10.53% 427
North West -47 388 £52,500 - 353
East of England +9 384 £66,200 +39.37% 147
West Midlands -7 348 £52,500 +5.00% 266
Yorkshire -5 301 £50,000 +5.26% 184
South West -4 251 £50,000 - 198
East Midlands -11 231 £48,500 +7.78% 155
Scotland -19 194 £47,500 -13.64% 132
North East -11 72 £50,000 - 66
Wales -20 55 £65,000 +44.44% 36
Northern Ireland +7 27 £52,500 -4.55% 46
Isle of Man +13 2 £38,000 -15.56%
Channel Islands +1 2 £78,750 - 2

SQL
Co-occurring Skills and Capabilities by Category

The follow tables expand on the table above by listing co-occurrences grouped by category. The same employment type, locality and period is covered with up to 20 co-occurrences shown in each of the following categories:

Application Platforms
1 167 (3.32%) SharePoint
2 156 (3.11%) Apache Spark
3 137 (2.73%) Apache
4 117 (2.33%) Apache Airflow
5 114 (2.27%) Confluence
6 83 (1.65%) Microsoft Exchange
7 79 (1.57%) SAS
8 68 (1.35%) IIS
9 62 (1.23%) CMS
10 26 (0.52%) Umbraco
11 17 (0.34%) Tomcat
12 12 (0.24%) Oracle SOA Suite
13 10 (0.20%) Jupyter
14 7 (0.14%) Headless CMS
14 7 (0.14%) IBM Domino
14 7 (0.14%) Mule
15 6 (0.12%) nginx
16 5 (0.100%) WebSphere
16 5 (0.100%) WordPress
17 4 (0.080%) Oracle Workflow
Applications
1 390 (7.76%) Microsoft Excel
2 154 (3.07%) Microsoft Office
3 123 (2.45%) Chatbot
4 47 (0.94%) Microsoft PowerPoint
5 19 (0.38%) MS Visio
6 12 (0.24%) Spreadsheet
7 8 (0.16%) Trello
8 7 (0.14%) SPSS
9 6 (0.12%) Microsoft Project
10 5 (0.100%) InDesign
11 2 (0.040%) Adobe XD
12 1 (0.020%) Adobe Creative Suite
12 1 (0.020%) Adobe Illustrator
12 1 (0.020%) Photoshop
12 1 (0.020%) Simulink
12 1 (0.020%) Sketch
12 1 (0.020%) S-PLUS
Business Applications
1 60 (1.19%) NEC Housing
2 53 (1.05%) Aladdin
3 49 (0.98%) Oracle EBS
4 42 (0.84%) Dynamics CRM
5 29 (0.58%) Dynamics NAV
5 29 (0.58%) thinkFolio
6 27 (0.54%) NetSuite
7 24 (0.48%) Oracle Applications
8 21 (0.42%) Sage 200
9 18 (0.36%) Sage 50
10 14 (0.28%) Endur
11 12 (0.24%) Fidessa
12 11 (0.22%) JDE OneWorld
13 10 (0.20%) SAP Business One
14 9 (0.18%) Elite 3E
15 8 (0.16%) Infor M3
15 8 (0.16%) Oracle Payables
16 7 (0.14%) Infor CloudSuite
16 7 (0.14%) Infor CloudSuite Industrial (formerly SyteLine)
16 7 (0.14%) Oracle Receivables
Cloud Services
1 1,750 (34.83%) Azure
2 1,047 (20.84%) Power Platform
3 853 (16.98%) AWS
4 358 (7.13%) GCP
5 328 (6.53%) Azure DevOps
6 284 (5.65%) Azure Data Factory
7 283 (5.63%) SaaS
8 234 (4.66%) Snowflake
9 228 (4.54%) GitHub
10 211 (4.20%) Microsoft 365
11 193 (3.84%) Serverless
12 174 (3.46%) Azure Synapse Analytics
13 148 (2.95%) Power Automate
14 138 (2.75%) Dynamics 365
15 120 (2.39%) dbt
16 111 (2.21%) PowerApps
17 103 (2.05%) Azure Logic Apps
18 91 (1.81%) Amazon S3
19 83 (1.65%) AWS Lambda
20 78 (1.55%) Azure Service Bus
Communications & Networking
1 153 (3.05%) Firewall
2 132 (2.63%) DNS
3 84 (1.67%) DHCP
4 80 (1.59%) TCP/IP
5 50 (1.00%) VLAN
6 49 (0.98%) VPN
7 46 (0.92%) LAN
8 45 (0.90%) Network Security
8 45 (0.90%) WAN
9 44 (0.88%) SAN
10 39 (0.78%) HTTP
11 34 (0.68%) VoIP
12 24 (0.48%) Intranet
12 24 (0.48%) Wi-Fi
13 23 (0.46%) FTP
14 22 (0.44%) Wireless
15 21 (0.42%) BGP
15 21 (0.42%) OSPF
16 18 (0.36%) Internet
16 18 (0.36%) MPLS
Database & Business Intelligence
1 944 (18.79%) Power BI
2 909 (18.09%) SQL Server
3 472 (9.39%) Data Warehouse
4 368 (7.32%) Tableau
5 354 (7.05%) NoSQL
6 282 (5.61%) Relational Database
7 262 (5.21%) SQL Server Reporting Services
8 251 (5.00%) PostgreSQL
9 234 (4.66%) Data Lake
10 229 (4.56%) SQL Server Integration Services
11 221 (4.40%) Azure SQL Database
12 195 (3.88%) MySQL
13 182 (3.62%) Big Data
14 153 (3.05%) Power Query
15 145 (2.89%) MongoDB
16 117 (2.33%) GIS
17 102 (2.03%) Geospatial Data
18 86 (1.71%) Amazon Redshift
19 84 (1.67%) BigQuery
20 83 (1.65%) Metadata
Development Applications
1 498 (9.91%) Git
2 272 (5.41%) JIRA
3 175 (3.48%) Visual Studio
4 169 (3.36%) Jenkins
5 82 (1.63%) GitLab
6 80 (1.59%) Selenium
7 73 (1.45%) JUnit
8 69 (1.37%) Postman
9 61 (1.21%) Eclipse
10 57 (1.13%) Octopus Deploy
11 46 (0.92%) Team Foundation Server
12 45 (0.90%) Maven
13 44 (0.88%) SQL Server Management Studio (SSMS)
14 41 (0.82%) Mockito
15 35 (0.70%) MSBuild
16 33 (0.66%) JMeter
17 31 (0.62%) Bitbucket
17 31 (0.62%) Oracle Forms
17 31 (0.62%) SoapUI
17 31 (0.62%) TeamCity
General
1 1,575 (31.35%) Social Skills
2 1,355 (26.97%) Finance
3 866 (17.24%) Analytical Skills
4 443 (8.82%) Banking
5 275 (5.47%) Retail
6 260 (5.18%) Law
7 190 (3.78%) Public Sector
8 185 (3.68%) Marketing
9 181 (3.60%) Inclusion and Diversity
10 177 (3.52%) Front Office
11 168 (3.34%) Manufacturing
12 148 (2.95%) Legal
13 122 (2.43%) Presentation Skills
14 86 (1.71%) Local Government
15 81 (1.61%) Back Office
16 72 (1.43%) Investment Banking
17 71 (1.41%) Police
18 68 (1.35%) Games
19 54 (1.07%) Advertising
20 53 (1.05%) Organisational Skills
Job Titles
1 1,208 (24.04%) Developer
2 1,022 (20.34%) Analyst
3 888 (17.68%) Senior
4 433 (8.62%) Data Engineer
4 433 (8.62%) Lead
5 405 (8.06%) Software Engineer
6 282 (5.61%) Data Analyst
7 255 (5.08%) Support Analyst
8 246 (4.90%) Senior Developer
9 222 (4.42%) Applications Support
10 216 (4.30%) Senior Analyst
11 207 (4.12%) Architect
12 185 (3.68%) Consultant
13 168 (3.34%) .NET Developer
14 150 (2.99%) Support Engineer
15 147 (2.93%) Software Developer
16 140 (2.79%) SQL Developer
17 137 (2.73%) C# Developer
18 134 (2.67%) Full-Stack Developer
19 124 (2.47%) Senior Data Engineer
Libraries, Frameworks & Software Standards
1 817 (16.26%) .NET
2 596 (11.86%) HTML
3 401 (7.98%) CSS
4 367 (7.30%) React
5 288 (5.73%) REST
6 259 (5.16%) ASP.NET
7 250 (4.98%) .NET Framework
8 246 (4.90%) AngularJS
9 238 (4.74%) XML
10 226 (4.50%) JSON
11 217 (4.32%) .NET Core
12 196 (3.90%) RESTful
13 165 (3.28%) Web Services
14 154 (3.07%) SOAP
15 151 (3.01%) PySpark
16 145 (2.89%) Kafka
17 131 (2.61%) Node.js
18 130 (2.59%) HTML5
19 127 (2.53%) jQuery
20 113 (2.25%) Entity Framework
Miscellaneous
1 246 (4.90%) Algorithms
2 189 (3.76%) Management Information System
3 158 (3.14%) Product Ownership
4 134 (2.67%) Data Structures
5 125 (2.49%) Self-Motivation
6 120 (2.39%) Cloud Native
7 112 (2.23%) Hedge funds
8 111 (2.21%) Derivative
9 103 (2.05%) Fixed Income
10 97 (1.93%) Legacy Systems
10 97 (1.93%) Onboarding
11 79 (1.57%) Mobile App
12 68 (1.35%) Equities
13 67 (1.33%) Distributed Systems
14 66 (1.31%) Credit Risk
14 66 (1.31%) Foreign Exchange (FX)
15 62 (1.23%) Greenfield Project
15 62 (1.23%) NHS
16 60 (1.19%) Enterprise Software
17 46 (0.92%) Data Protection Act
Operating Systems
1 517 (10.29%) Linux
2 466 (9.28%) Windows
3 199 (3.96%) Unix
4 158 (3.14%) Windows Server
5 69 (1.37%) Windows 10
6 39 (0.78%) Windows Server 2019
7 35 (0.70%) Ubuntu
8 34 (0.68%) Windows Server 2016
9 28 (0.56%) Rocky
10 26 (0.52%) Mac OS X
11 21 (0.42%) Solaris
12 19 (0.38%) Windows Server 2012
13 18 (0.36%) CentOS
14 15 (0.30%) Red Hat Enterprise Linux
15 14 (0.28%) Apple iOS
16 13 (0.26%) Android
16 13 (0.26%) VMS
17 12 (0.24%) Mac OS
18 8 (0.16%) AIX
18 8 (0.16%) Windows Server 2008
Processes & Methodologies
1 1,387 (27.61%) Problem-Solving
2 1,188 (23.65%) Agile
3 1,101 (21.91%) Business Intelligence
4 1,065 (21.20%) Analytics
5 767 (15.27%) DevOps
6 658 (13.10%) Software Engineering
7 623 (12.40%) ETL
8 607 (12.08%) CI/CD
9 587 (11.68%) Visualisation
10 538 (10.71%) Data Modelling
11 489 (9.73%) Mentoring
12 476 (9.47%) Computer Science
13 459 (9.14%) Data Management
14 437 (8.70%) Artificial Intelligence
15 423 (8.42%) Data Analysis
16 420 (8.36%) Data Pipeline
17 411 (8.18%) Decision-Making
18 407 (8.10%) Data Engineering
19 395 (7.86%) Microservices
20 359 (7.15%) Data Science
Programming Languages
1 1,660 (33.04%) Python
2 1,101 (21.91%) C#
3 841 (16.74%) JavaScript
4 565 (11.25%) Java
5 343 (6.83%) T-SQL
6 288 (5.73%) PowerShell
7 234 (4.66%) C++
8 221 (4.40%) TypeScript
9 220 (4.38%) PL/SQL
10 163 (3.24%) R
11 111 (2.21%) Data Analysis Expressions
12 110 (2.19%) PHP
13 95 (1.89%) Bash
14 65 (1.29%) Scala
14 65 (1.29%) VB.NET
15 60 (1.19%) C
16 55 (1.09%) Shell Script
17 44 (0.88%) Go
18 43 (0.86%) VBA
19 32 (0.64%) Rust
Qualifications
1 1,157 (23.03%) Degree
2 265 (5.27%) Computer Science Degree
3 217 (4.32%) DBS Check
4 192 (3.82%) Security Cleared
5 132 (2.63%) Master's Degree
6 120 (2.39%) SC Cleared
7 107 (2.13%) Microsoft Certification
8 100 (1.99%) Azure Certification
9 49 (0.98%) BPSS Clearance
10 40 (0.80%) PhD
11 37 (0.74%) DV Cleared
12 36 (0.72%) ISTQB
13 35 (0.70%) MCSE
14 32 (0.64%) Numerate Degree
15 30 (0.60%) AWS Certification
16 28 (0.56%) MCSA
17 27 (0.54%) HND
18 21 (0.42%) HNC
18 21 (0.42%) MCP
19 17 (0.34%) Cisco Certification
Quality Assurance & Compliance
1 328 (6.53%) Data Quality
2 255 (5.08%) QA
3 196 (3.90%) Accessibility
4 145 (2.89%) GDPR
5 70 (1.39%) SLA
6 44 (0.88%) ISO/IEC 27001
7 33 (0.66%) ISO 9001
8 23 (0.46%) WCAG
9 19 (0.38%) Actionable Recommendations
9 19 (0.38%) HL7
10 17 (0.34%) NIST
10 17 (0.34%) PCI DSS
11 12 (0.24%) IFRS
11 12 (0.24%) IFRS 9
12 11 (0.22%) HIPAA
13 10 (0.20%) Cyber Essentials
13 10 (0.20%) SOC 2
14 8 (0.16%) Sarbanes-Oxley
15 7 (0.14%) Basel II
15 7 (0.14%) Dodd-Frank
System Software
1 401 (7.98%) Docker
2 182 (3.62%) Active Directory
3 74 (1.47%) VMware Infrastructure
4 48 (0.96%) Virtual Machines
5 42 (0.84%) Hyper-V
6 27 (0.54%) VMware ESXi
7 17 (0.34%) Virtual Desktop
7 17 (0.34%) vSphere
8 14 (0.28%) HDFS
9 10 (0.20%) Firmware
10 8 (0.16%) VMware NSX
11 5 (0.100%) Apache Flume
12 3 (0.060%) Embedded Firmware
12 3 (0.060%) Terminal Server
13 2 (0.040%) EMC RecoverPoint
13 2 (0.040%) Oracle RAC
13 2 (0.040%) Postfix
13 2 (0.040%) SRDF
13 2 (0.040%) Veritas Cluster Server
13 2 (0.040%) Xen
Systems Management
1 346 (6.89%) Kubernetes
2 182 (3.62%) Terraform
3 53 (1.05%) Microsoft Intune
4 40 (0.80%) Ansible
5 35 (0.70%) Grafana
6 28 (0.56%) Prometheus
7 27 (0.54%) Single Sign-On
8 25 (0.50%) SCCM
9 14 (0.28%) Istio
9 14 (0.28%) Progress Chef
10 12 (0.24%) Failover Clustering
10 12 (0.24%) Nagios
11 11 (0.22%) Argo
12 10 (0.20%) Active Directory Federation Services
13 9 (0.18%) Oozie
13 9 (0.18%) WSUS
14 8 (0.16%) FortiGate
14 8 (0.16%) Oracle RMAN
14 8 (0.16%) SCOM
14 8 (0.16%) vCenter Server
Vendors
1 1,091 (21.72%) Microsoft
2 438 (8.72%) Oracle
3 370 (7.36%) Databricks
4 212 (4.22%) Google
5 123 (2.45%) PayPal
6 108 (2.15%) VMware
7 90 (1.79%) Salesforce
8 85 (1.69%) SAP
9 78 (1.55%) ServiceNow
10 64 (1.27%) Cisco
11 63 (1.25%) IBM
11 63 (1.25%) Red Hat
12 60 (1.19%) NEC
13 50 (1.00%) Adobe
14 49 (0.98%) BISAM
15 47 (0.94%) Dell
16 46 (0.92%) Informatica
17 38 (0.76%) Charles River
18 36 (0.72%) Alteryx
19 31 (0.62%) Atlassian