SQL (Structured Query Language)
UK

The table below provides summary statistics for permanent job vacancies requiring SQL skills. It includes a benchmarking guide to the annual salaries offered in vacancies that cited SQL over the 6 months leading up to 15 March 2025, comparing them to the same period in the previous two years.

6 months to
15 Mar 2025
Same period 2024 Same period 2023
Rank 10 10 8
Rank change year-on-year 0 -2 -1
Permanent jobs citing SQL 5,777 11,268 18,683
As % of all permanent jobs advertised in the UK 10.63% 12.89% 16.82%
As % of the Programming Languages category 34.53% 36.52% 38.03%
Number of salaries quoted 3,835 8,732 11,371
10th Percentile £32,500 £32,500 £36,250
25th Percentile £43,750 £41,500 £45,000
Median annual salary (50th Percentile) £60,000 £55,000 £60,000
Median % change year-on-year +9.09% -8.33% +9.09%
75th Percentile £77,500 £72,500 £77,500
90th Percentile £97,500 £91,934 £93,750
UK excluding London median annual salary £52,500 £50,000 £52,500
% change year-on-year +5.00% -4.76% +5.00%

All Programming Languages
UK

SQL falls under the Programming Languages category. For comparison with the information above, the following table provides summary statistics for all permanent job vacancies requiring coding skills.

Permanent vacancies with a requirement for coding skills 16,730 30,854 49,121
As % of all permanent jobs advertised in the UK 30.78% 35.29% 44.22%
Number of salaries quoted 11,552 24,130 31,054
10th Percentile £37,500 £35,750 £38,750
25th Percentile £47,500 £45,000 £48,750
Median annual salary (50th Percentile) £61,000 £60,000 £65,000
Median % change year-on-year +1.67% -7.69% +8.33%
75th Percentile £83,500 £78,750 £86,250
90th Percentile £105,000 £100,000 £105,000
UK excluding London median annual salary £55,000 £54,000 £55,000
% change year-on-year +1.85% -1.82% +4.76%

SQL
Job Vacancy Trend

Job postings citing SQL as a proportion of all IT jobs advertised.

Job vacancy trend for SQL in the UK

SQL
Salary Trend

3-month moving average salary quoted in jobs citing SQL.

Salary trend for SQL in the UK

SQL
Salary Histogram

Salary distribution for jobs citing SQL over the 6 months to 15 March 2025.

Salary histogram for SQL in the UK

SQL
Top 19 Job Locations

The table below looks at the demand and provides a guide to the median salaries quoted in IT jobs citing SQL within the UK over the 6 months to 15 March 2025. The 'Rank Change' column provides an indication of the change in demand within each location based on the same 6 month period last year.

Location Rank Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Matching
Permanent
IT Job Ads
Median Salary
Past 6 Months
Median Salary
% Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Live
Jobs
England +1 5,267 £60,000 +9.09% 5,304
UK excluding London -3 3,569 £52,500 +5.00% 2,414
Work from Home +1 2,459 £60,000 +4.35% 2,665
London -3 1,940 £75,000 +7.14% 3,308
North of England -7 915 £50,000 - 698
South East -1 884 £55,000 +10.00% 616
Midlands -6 678 £50,250 +2.55% 394
North West -15 528 £52,500 +2.19% 410
West Midlands -6 433 £52,500 +5.00% 244
East of England +6 418 £66,206 +39.38% 221
South West +3 365 £50,800 -0.36% 247
Yorkshire -4 302 £45,000 -5.38% 218
Scotland -27 242 £44,500 -22.61% 173
East Midlands -7 240 £47,500 - 144
North East -7 87 £50,000 - 74
Wales -9 72 £65,000 +44.44% 61
Northern Ireland -5 18 £55,000 - 51
Channel Islands +1 3 £78,750 -
Isle of Man +1 2 £38,000 -15.56%

SQL
Co-occurring Skills and Capabilities by Category

The follow tables expand on the table above by listing co-occurrences grouped by category. The same employment type, locality and period is covered with up to 20 co-occurrences shown in each of the following categories:

Application Platforms
1 208 (3.60%) SharePoint
2 146 (2.53%) Apache Spark
3 144 (2.49%) Apache
4 137 (2.37%) Apache Airflow
5 125 (2.16%) SAS
6 115 (1.99%) Confluence
7 94 (1.63%) Microsoft Exchange
8 59 (1.02%) IIS
9 54 (0.93%) CMS
10 30 (0.52%) Umbraco
11 16 (0.28%) nginx
12 14 (0.24%) Tomcat
13 11 (0.19%) Jupyter
13 11 (0.19%) Oracle SOA Suite
14 9 (0.16%) Oracle Workflow
14 9 (0.16%) WebSphere
15 7 (0.12%) IBM Domino
16 6 (0.10%) Apache Solr
16 6 (0.10%) Mule
17 5 (0.087%) WordPress
Applications
1 496 (8.59%) Microsoft Excel
2 172 (2.98%) Microsoft Office
3 123 (2.13%) Chatbot
4 47 (0.81%) Microsoft PowerPoint
5 31 (0.54%) Adobe Illustrator
5 31 (0.54%) Photoshop
6 21 (0.36%) MS Visio
7 15 (0.26%) Spreadsheet
8 11 (0.19%) Microsoft Project
9 7 (0.12%) Trello
9 7 (0.12%) Weka
10 6 (0.10%) SPSS
11 3 (0.052%) Adobe XD
12 2 (0.035%) CPLEX
12 2 (0.035%) InDesign
12 2 (0.035%) Sketch
13 1 (0.017%) Acrobat
13 1 (0.017%) EngageOne
13 1 (0.017%) Simulink
13 1 (0.017%) S-PLUS
Business Applications
1 239 (4.14%) NEC Housing
2 55 (0.95%) Dynamics CRM
3 38 (0.66%) Oracle EBS
4 30 (0.52%) Aladdin
5 29 (0.50%) Sage 200
6 26 (0.45%) Dynamics NAV
7 24 (0.42%) Sage 50
8 23 (0.40%) Oracle Applications
9 18 (0.31%) Endur
9 18 (0.31%) NetSuite
10 15 (0.26%) Fidessa
10 15 (0.26%) SAP Business One
11 12 (0.21%) Elite 3E
12 7 (0.12%) Infor M3
12 7 (0.12%) JDE OneWorld
12 7 (0.12%) Oracle BPM
13 6 (0.10%) Oracle Payables
13 6 (0.10%) Relativity
13 6 (0.10%) SAP S/4HANA
13 6 (0.10%) thinkFolio
Cloud Services
1 1,925 (33.32%) Azure
2 1,222 (21.15%) Power Platform
3 878 (15.20%) AWS
4 534 (9.24%) Azure DevOps
5 329 (5.69%) GCP
6 328 (5.68%) SaaS
7 319 (5.52%) Serverless
8 299 (5.18%) GitHub
9 273 (4.73%) Azure Data Factory
10 245 (4.24%) Power Automate
11 238 (4.12%) PowerApps
12 225 (3.89%) Microsoft 365
13 224 (3.88%) Azure Logic Apps
14 217 (3.76%) Snowflake
15 201 (3.48%) Azure Synapse Analytics
16 185 (3.20%) PaaS
17 180 (3.12%) Azure Functions
18 155 (2.68%) IaaS
19 139 (2.41%) Dynamics 365
20 138 (2.39%) dbt
Communications & Networking
1 165 (2.86%) Firewall
2 157 (2.72%) DNS
3 99 (1.71%) DHCP
4 90 (1.56%) TCP/IP
5 60 (1.04%) SAN
6 55 (0.95%) VPN
7 54 (0.93%) VLAN
8 48 (0.83%) Network Security
9 45 (0.78%) LAN
10 39 (0.68%) HTTP
10 39 (0.68%) WAN
11 32 (0.55%) Intranet
12 28 (0.48%) BGP
12 28 (0.48%) Internet
12 28 (0.48%) OSPF
13 22 (0.38%) Wi-Fi
13 22 (0.38%) WLAN
14 20 (0.35%) Wireless
15 17 (0.29%) VoIP
16 16 (0.28%) FIX Connectivity
Database & Business Intelligence
1 1,088 (18.83%) SQL Server
2 989 (17.12%) Power BI
3 483 (8.36%) Data Warehouse
4 407 (7.05%) Tableau
5 397 (6.87%) NoSQL
6 283 (4.90%) PostgreSQL
7 274 (4.74%) Relational Database
8 271 (4.69%) Azure SQL Database
9 265 (4.59%) SQL Server Reporting Services
10 240 (4.15%) Data Lake
11 232 (4.02%) SQL Server Integration Services
12 220 (3.81%) MySQL
13 196 (3.39%) Big Data
14 172 (2.98%) MongoDB
15 163 (2.82%) Power Query
16 122 (2.11%) GIS
17 103 (1.78%) Geospatial Data
18 100 (1.73%) Oracle Database
19 99 (1.71%) BigQuery
20 98 (1.70%) Amazon Redshift
Development Applications
1 555 (9.61%) Git
2 308 (5.33%) JIRA
3 221 (3.83%) Visual Studio
4 196 (3.39%) Jenkins
5 98 (1.70%) Selenium
6 80 (1.38%) GitLab
7 75 (1.30%) Octopus Deploy
8 67 (1.16%) Eclipse
9 65 (1.13%) Postman
10 62 (1.07%) Team Foundation Server
11 55 (0.95%) JUnit
12 51 (0.88%) Bitbucket
13 40 (0.69%) MSBuild
13 40 (0.69%) SoapUI
13 40 (0.69%) TeamCity
14 37 (0.64%) Cypress.io
15 35 (0.61%) Eclipse RCP
15 35 (0.61%) Maven
15 35 (0.61%) Mockito
15 35 (0.61%) Oracle Forms
General
1 1,678 (29.05%) Social Skills
2 1,615 (27.96%) Finance
3 950 (16.44%) Analytical Skills
4 428 (7.41%) Banking
5 380 (6.58%) Public Sector
6 319 (5.52%) Inclusion and Diversity
7 281 (4.86%) Retail
8 253 (4.38%) Local Government
9 245 (4.24%) Police
10 239 (4.14%) Law
11 224 (3.88%) Manufacturing
12 195 (3.38%) Legal
13 184 (3.19%) Marketing
14 155 (2.68%) Front Office
15 140 (2.42%) Social Housing
16 137 (2.37%) Presentation Skills
17 71 (1.23%) Back Office
18 70 (1.21%) Investment Banking
18 70 (1.21%) Telecoms
19 69 (1.19%) Games
Job Titles
1 1,321 (22.87%) Developer
2 1,188 (20.56%) Analyst
3 1,074 (18.59%) Senior
4 540 (9.35%) Lead
5 468 (8.10%) Data Engineer
6 456 (7.89%) Software Engineer
7 375 (6.49%) Consultant
8 286 (4.95%) Senior Analyst
9 279 (4.83%) Data Analyst
10 275 (4.76%) Senior Developer
11 273 (4.73%) Applications Support
12 233 (4.03%) Support Analyst
13 226 (3.91%) .NET Developer
14 215 (3.72%) Architect
15 194 (3.36%) Implementation Consultant
16 179 (3.10%) C# Developer
17 173 (2.99%) Software Developer
18 157 (2.72%) Full-Stack Developer
19 156 (2.70%) Support Engineer
20 138 (2.39%) Senior Data Engineer
Libraries, Frameworks & Software Standards
1 1,043 (18.05%) .NET
2 753 (13.03%) HTML
3 501 (8.67%) CSS
4 430 (7.44%) React
5 326 (5.64%) .NET Framework
6 309 (5.35%) ASP.NET
7 307 (5.31%) REST
8 275 (4.76%) AngularJS
9 261 (4.52%) .NET Core
10 234 (4.05%) JSON
11 230 (3.98%) XML
12 226 (3.91%) RESTful
13 170 (2.94%) Web Services
14 168 (2.91%) HTML5
15 161 (2.79%) jQuery
16 157 (2.72%) Entity Framework
17 151 (2.61%) Kafka
18 150 (2.60%) Node.js
19 141 (2.44%) SOAP
20 134 (2.32%) PySpark
Miscellaneous
1 259 (4.48%) Algorithms
2 235 (4.07%) Data Structures
3 228 (3.95%) Management Information System
4 168 (2.91%) Product Ownership
5 137 (2.37%) Housing Association
6 113 (1.96%) Cloud Native
7 99 (1.71%) Legacy Systems
8 95 (1.64%) Greenfield Project
9 93 (1.61%) Onboarding
10 92 (1.59%) Derivative
10 92 (1.59%) Hedge funds
11 91 (1.58%) Self-Motivation
12 88 (1.52%) Fixed Income
13 74 (1.28%) Equities
13 74 (1.28%) Mobile App
14 67 (1.16%) Enterprise Software
14 67 (1.16%) NHS
15 66 (1.14%) Foreign Exchange (FX)
16 65 (1.13%) Credit Risk
16 65 (1.13%) Distributed Systems
Operating Systems
1 626 (10.84%) Linux
2 576 (9.97%) Windows
3 285 (4.93%) Unix
4 192 (3.32%) Windows Server
5 74 (1.28%) Windows 10
6 70 (1.21%) Solaris
7 58 (1.00%) Windows Server 2019
8 49 (0.85%) Ubuntu
9 48 (0.83%) Windows Server 2016
10 30 (0.52%) Mac OS X
11 26 (0.45%) Android
12 25 (0.43%) Rocky
12 25 (0.43%) Windows Server 2012
13 24 (0.42%) CentOS
14 21 (0.36%) Apple iOS
15 17 (0.29%) Red Hat Enterprise Linux
16 14 (0.24%) VMS
17 9 (0.16%) Windows Server 2008
18 6 (0.10%) AIX
18 6 (0.10%) Debian
Processes & Methodologies
1 1,437 (24.87%) Problem-Solving
2 1,430 (24.75%) Agile
3 1,153 (19.96%) Business Intelligence
4 1,108 (19.18%) Analytics
5 984 (17.03%) DevOps
6 748 (12.95%) Software Engineering
7 643 (11.13%) ETL
8 640 (11.08%) CI/CD
9 618 (10.70%) Visualisation
10 565 (9.78%) Computer Science
11 550 (9.52%) Data Modelling
12 525 (9.09%) Mentoring
13 475 (8.22%) Data Management
14 449 (7.77%) Artificial Intelligence
15 426 (7.37%) Data Analysis
16 412 (7.13%) Data Engineering
17 410 (7.10%) Microservices
18 402 (6.96%) Data Science
19 399 (6.91%) Decision-Making
19 399 (6.91%) Machine Learning
Programming Languages
1 1,751 (30.31%) Python
2 1,338 (23.16%) C#
3 1,006 (17.41%) JavaScript
4 616 (10.66%) Java
5 359 (6.21%) T-SQL
6 302 (5.23%) PowerShell
7 278 (4.81%) C++
8 260 (4.50%) TypeScript
9 249 (4.31%) PL/SQL
10 212 (3.67%) R
11 136 (2.35%) PHP
12 124 (2.15%) Data Analysis Expressions
13 119 (2.06%) Bash
14 90 (1.56%) C
15 81 (1.40%) VBA
16 77 (1.33%) VB
17 75 (1.30%) VB.NET
18 64 (1.11%) Scala
19 47 (0.81%) Shell Script
20 39 (0.68%) Go
Qualifications
1 1,365 (23.63%) Degree
2 357 (6.18%) DBS Check
3 301 (5.21%) Computer Science Degree
4 212 (3.67%) Security Cleared
5 210 (3.64%) Azure Certification
6 133 (2.30%) Master's Degree
7 128 (2.22%) Microsoft Certification
8 110 (1.90%) SC Cleared
9 59 (1.02%) DV Cleared
10 48 (0.83%) BPSS Clearance
11 41 (0.71%) Numerate Degree
12 37 (0.64%) ISTQB
12 37 (0.64%) MCSE
13 30 (0.52%) HND
14 29 (0.50%) CISA
14 29 (0.50%) MCSA
14 29 (0.50%) PhD
15 26 (0.45%) CCAB
16 25 (0.43%) AWS Certification
17 24 (0.42%) HNC
Quality Assurance & Compliance
1 390 (6.75%) Accessibility
2 298 (5.16%) Data Quality
3 275 (4.76%) QA
4 157 (2.72%) GDPR
5 74 (1.28%) ISO 9001
6 73 (1.26%) SLA
7 31 (0.54%) ISO/IEC 27001
8 28 (0.48%) WCAG
9 27 (0.47%) ITGC
10 19 (0.33%) HL7
11 18 (0.31%) Actionable Recommendations
12 17 (0.29%) PCI DSS
13 13 (0.23%) IFRS
13 13 (0.23%) IFRS 9
14 9 (0.16%) COREP
14 9 (0.16%) Sarbanes-Oxley
15 8 (0.14%) HIPAA
15 8 (0.14%) NIST
16 7 (0.12%) Dodd-Frank
16 7 (0.12%) SOC 2
System Software
1 444 (7.69%) Docker
2 215 (3.72%) Active Directory
3 79 (1.37%) VMware Infrastructure
4 52 (0.90%) Hyper-V
5 43 (0.74%) Virtual Machines
6 28 (0.48%) VMware ESXi
7 24 (0.42%) vSphere
8 20 (0.35%) Virtual Desktop
9 17 (0.29%) HDFS
10 14 (0.24%) Firmware
11 11 (0.19%) VMware NSX
12 9 (0.16%) Virtual Servers
13 7 (0.12%) Apache Flume
14 6 (0.10%) Microsoft Virtual Server
15 4 (0.069%) KVM
16 3 (0.052%) Embedded Firmware
16 3 (0.052%) Terminal Server
17 2 (0.035%) NFS
17 2 (0.035%) Oracle RAC
17 2 (0.035%) Terminal Services
Systems Management
1 362 (6.27%) Kubernetes
2 180 (3.12%) Terraform
3 61 (1.06%) Ansible
4 50 (0.87%) Microsoft Intune
5 38 (0.66%) Grafana
6 32 (0.55%) Prometheus
7 30 (0.52%) SCCM
8 18 (0.31%) Single Sign-On
9 16 (0.28%) Nagios
9 16 (0.28%) WSUS
10 15 (0.26%) Active Directory Federation Services
10 15 (0.26%) Progress Chef
11 13 (0.23%) Microsoft Clustering
11 13 (0.23%) vCenter Server
12 11 (0.19%) Oozie
12 11 (0.19%) SCOM
13 8 (0.14%) Argo
13 8 (0.14%) FortiGate
14 7 (0.12%) Failover Clustering
14 7 (0.12%) ITRS Geneos
Vendors
1 1,304 (22.57%) Microsoft
2 490 (8.48%) Oracle
3 413 (7.15%) Databricks
4 239 (4.14%) NEC
5 202 (3.50%) Google
6 123 (2.13%) PayPal
7 122 (2.11%) VMware
8 106 (1.83%) Citrix
9 102 (1.77%) ServiceNow
10 99 (1.71%) SAP
11 83 (1.44%) Cisco
12 80 (1.38%) Salesforce
13 70 (1.21%) Red Hat
14 67 (1.16%) Dell
15 64 (1.11%) IBM
16 47 (0.81%) HP
17 41 (0.71%) Informatica
18 40 (0.69%) Atlassian
19 38 (0.66%) Sage
20 32 (0.55%) Bloomberg