CSS Contracts in the City of London

The following table provides summary statistics for contract job vacancies advertised in the City of London with a requirement for CSS skills. Included is a benchmarking guide to the contractor rates offered in vacancies that have cited CSS over the 3 months to 26 June 2017 with a comparison to the same period in the previous 2 years.

Note that daily and hourly rates are treated separately in these statistics. When calculating contractor rate percentiles, daily rates are never derived from quoted hourly rates or vice versa.

CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) London / City of London
Location	3 months to 26 Jun 2017	Same period 2016	Same period 2015
Rank	12	11	26
Rank change year-on-year	-1	+15
Contract jobs citing CSS	334	346	358
As % of all contract IT jobs advertised in the City of London	10.07%	10.41%	6.16%
As % of the Libraries, Frameworks & Software Standards category	26.66%	29.85%	20.71%
Number of daily rates quoted	278	298	283
Median daily rate	£475	£425	£375
Median daily rate % change year-on-year	+11.76%	+13.33%
90% offered a daily rate of more than	£324	£307	£250
10% offered a daily rate of more than	£625	£550	£521
UK excluding London median daily rate	£375	£350	£325
% change year-on-year	+7.14%	+7.69%
Number of hourly rates quoted	0	0	2
Median hourly rate	-	-	£19.93
UK excluding London median hourly rate	£38.50	£29.75	£35.00
% change year-on-year	+29.41%	-15.00%

CSS is in the industry standards, technical specifications and software library and framework skills category. The next table is for comparison with the above and provides summary statistics for all contract job vacancies advertised in the City of London with a requirement for industry standards, technical specifications and software library and framework skills.

Contract Software Library & Framework Skills City of London
Contract job vacancies with a requirement for industry standards, technical specifications and software library and framework skills	1253	1159	1729
As % of all contract IT job vacancies advertised in the City of London	37.76%	34.86%	29.77%
Number of daily rates quoted	1023	998	1394
Median daily rate	£500	£450	£425
Median daily rate % change year-on-year	+11.00%	+5.88%
90% offered a daily rate of more than	£363	£325	£320
10% offered a daily rate of more than	£625	£575	£600
UK excluding London median daily rate	£400	£375	£350
% change year-on-year	+6.66%	+7.14%
Number of hourly rates quoted	5	1	11
Median hourly rate	£24.36	£20.00	£24.23
Median hourly rate % change year-on-year	+21.80%	-17.45%
90% offered a hourly rate of more than	£21.50	£20.00	£15.64
10% offered a hourly rate of more than	£24.86	£20.00	£187.50
UK excluding London median hourly rate	£42.50	£36.00	£40.00
% change year-on-year	+18.05%	-10.00%

CSS
Job Vacancy Trend in the City of London

The job posting trend of jobs advertised in the City of London citing CSS as a proportion of all contract or permanent IT jobs with a match in the Libraries, Frameworks & Software Standards category.

Job vacancy trend for CSS in the City of London

CSS
Contractor Daily Rate Trend in the City of London

This chart provides the 3-month moving average for daily rates quoted in contract jobs citing CSS in the City of London.

Contractor daily rate trend for CSS in the City of London

CSS
Contractor Daily Rate Histogram in the City of London

The daily rate distribution of IT jobs citing CSS in the City of London over the 3 months to 26 June 2017.

Contractor daily rate histogram for CSS in the City of London

CSS
Contractor Hourly Rate Trend in the City of London

This chart provides the 3-month moving average for contractor hourly rates quoted in IT jobs citing CSS in the City of London.

Contractor hourly rate trend for CSS in the City of London

CSS
Top 30 Co-occurring IT Skills in the City of London

For the 6 months to 26 June 2017, IT contractor jobs citing CSS also mentioned the following skills in order of popularity. The figures indicate the number co-occurrences and its proportion to all contract ads across the City of London region with a requirement for CSS.

1	511 (90.76%)	HTML
2	454 (80.64%)	JavaScript
3	246 (43.69%)	AngularJS
4	243 (43.16%)	Agile Software Development
5	217 (38.54%)	HTML5
6	167 (29.66%)	React
7	166 (29.48%)	Front End Development
8	155 (27.53%)	CSS3
8	155 (27.53%)	jQuery
9	149 (26.47%)	TDD
10	128 (22.74%)	C#
11	125 (22.20%)	Java
11	125 (22.20%)	MVC
11	125 (22.20%)	Finance
12	121 (21.49%)	.NET

13	116 (20.60%)	Node.js
14	107 (19.01%)	SQL
15	105 (18.65%)	Git (software)
16	104 (18.47%)	Web Development
17	103 (18.29%)	User Experience
18	99 (17.58%)	Scrum
19	81 (14.39%)	Sass
20	76 (13.50%)	OO
20	76 (13.50%)	RESTful
21	75 (13.32%)	Banking
22	65 (11.55%)	gulp
22	65 (11.55%)	Web Services
23	64 (11.37%)	SQL Server
24	63 (11.19%)	BDD
25	62 (11.01%)	Continuous Integration

CSS
Co-occurring IT Skills in the City of London by Category

The follow tables expand on the table above by listing co-occurrences grouped by category. The same job type, locality and period is covered with up to 20 co-occurrences shown in each of the following categories:

Application Platforms
Applications
Business Applications
Cloud Services
Communications & Networking
Database & Business Intelligence
Development Applications
General
Job Titles
Libraries, Frameworks & Software Standards
Miscellaneous
Operating Systems
Processes & Methodologies
Programming Languages
Qualifications
Quality Assurance & Compliance
System Software
Systems Management
Vendors

Application Platforms
1	22 (3.91%)	Apache
2	18 (3.20%)	CMS
3	14 (2.49%)	SharePoint
3	14 (2.49%)	Tomcat
4	13 (2.31%)	WordPress
5	12 (2.13%)	Confluence
6	10 (1.78%)	Elasticsearch
6	10 (1.78%)	IIS
7	9 (1.60%)	nginx
8	8 (1.42%)	Adobe Experience Manager
8	8 (1.42%)	Drupal
8	8 (1.42%)	Mule
9	6 (1.07%)	SharePoint 2013
9	6 (1.07%)	WebLogic
10	5 (0.89%)	JBoss
10	5 (0.89%)	SharePoint 2010
10	5 (0.89%)	Sitecore CMS
10	5 (0.89%)	Umbraco
11	4 (0.71%)	Apache Solr
11	4 (0.71%)	EPiServer

Applications
1	17 (3.02%)	Photoshop
2	12 (2.13%)	Adobe Creative Suite
3	9 (1.60%)	Adobe Illustrator
4	5 (0.89%)	OmniGraffle
5	4 (0.71%)	Microsoft Office
6	3 (0.53%)	InVision
6	3 (0.53%)	UXPin
7	1 (0.18%)	Adobe After Effects
7	1 (0.18%)	Adobe Captivate
7	1 (0.18%)	InfoPath
7	1 (0.18%)	Microsoft Excel
7	1 (0.18%)	MS Visio

Business Applications
1	8 (1.42%)	Payment Gateway
2	7 (1.24%)	Dynamics CRM
3	5 (0.89%)	Eloqua
4	3 (0.53%)	Magento
4	3 (0.53%)	SAP Hybris
5	2 (0.36%)	SAP CRM
6	1 (0.18%)	ION MarketView
6	1 (0.18%)	osCommerce
6	1 (0.18%)	SessionCam
6	1 (0.18%)	Shopify
6	1 (0.18%)	Social Studio

Cloud Services
1	53 (9.41%)	Amazon AWS
2	27 (4.80%)	Microsoft Azure
3	13 (2.31%)	GitHub
4	12 (2.13%)	SaaS
5	7 (1.24%)	AWS CloudFormation
6	6 (1.07%)	Cloud Computing
7	5 (0.89%)	Google Analytics
7	5 (0.89%)	Office 365
8	4 (0.71%)	Salesforce Service Cloud
9	3 (0.53%)	AWS Lambda
9	3 (0.53%)	Bluemix
9	3 (0.53%)	IBM Cloud
10	2 (0.36%)	Amazon SQS
10	2 (0.36%)	Google Cloud Platform
10	2 (0.36%)	Google Tag Manager
10	2 (0.36%)	MailChimp
11	1 (0.18%)	Adobe Analytics
11	1 (0.18%)	Amazon EC2
11	1 (0.18%)	Amazon Kinesis
11	1 (0.18%)	Amazon S3

Communications & Networking
1	19 (3.37%)	HTTP
2	13 (2.31%)	Internet
3	3 (0.53%)	Intranet
3	3 (0.53%)	TCP/IP
4	2 (0.36%)	HTTPS
5	1 (0.18%)	DNS
5	1 (0.18%)	RTP
5	1 (0.18%)	RTSP
5	1 (0.18%)	SNMP
5	1 (0.18%)	SSH
5	1 (0.18%)	SSL

Database & Business Intelligence
1	64 (11.37%)	SQL Server
2	40 (7.10%)	MySQL
3	35 (6.22%)	MongoDB
4	29 (5.15%)	NoSQL
5	25 (4.44%)	SQL Server 2008
6	23 (4.09%)	SQL Server 2012
7	21 (3.73%)	Relational Database
8	13 (2.31%)	SQL Server 2005
9	7 (1.24%)	Big Data
9	7 (1.24%)	SQL Server 2016
9	7 (1.24%)	SQL Server Integration Services
10	6 (1.07%)	Apache Cassandra
11	4 (0.71%)	CouchDB
11	4 (0.71%)	PostgreSQL
12	3 (0.53%)	Couchbase
12	3 (0.53%)	QlikView
12	3 (0.53%)	RDBMS
12	3 (0.53%)	Redis
13	2 (0.36%)	GIS
14	1 (0.18%)	SQL Server Reporting Services

Development Applications
1	105 (18.65%)	Git (software)
2	65 (11.55%)	gulp
3	46 (8.17%)	Grunt
4	38 (6.75%)	Jasmine
5	37 (6.57%)	Jenkins
6	31 (5.51%)	Selenium
7	26 (4.62%)	JIRA
7	26 (4.62%)	Maven
7	26 (4.62%)	Visual Studio
7	26 (4.62%)	webpack
8	24 (4.26%)	NUnit
9	23 (4.09%)	IntelliJ
9	23 (4.09%)	Mocha
9	23 (4.09%)	Team Foundation Server
10	21 (3.73%)	Cucumber
11	20 (3.55%)	Moq
12	17 (3.02%)	Bower
12	17 (3.02%)	MSTest
13	16 (2.84%)	Axure RP
13	16 (2.84%)	JUnit

General
1	125 (22.20%)	Finance
2	75 (13.32%)	Banking
3	34 (6.04%)	Investment Banking
4	26 (4.62%)	Marketing
5	22 (3.91%)	Front Office
6	17 (3.02%)	Retail
7	11 (1.95%)	Advertising
8	9 (1.60%)	Games
9	8 (1.42%)	Law
10	5 (0.89%)	Digital Economy
10	5 (0.89%)	Publishing
10	5 (0.89%)	Telecoms
11	3 (0.53%)	Retail Banking
12	2 (0.36%)	Automotive
12	2 (0.36%)	Music Industry
13	1 (0.18%)	Back Office
13	1 (0.18%)	Electronics
13	1 (0.18%)	Financial Institution
13	1 (0.18%)	Legal
13	1 (0.18%)	Multimedia

Job Titles
1	480 (85.26%)	Developer
2	124 (22.02%)	Front End Developer (Client-Side Developer)
3	106 (18.83%)	JavaScript Developer
4	87 (15.45%)	Senior Developer
5	68 (12.08%)	Full Stack Developer
5	68 (12.08%)	Java Developer
6	63 (11.19%)	Angular Developer
7	53 (9.41%)	.NET Developer
8	47 (8.35%)	HTML Developer
9	36 (6.39%)	C# Developer
9	36 (6.39%)	Web Developer
10	35 (6.22%)	HTML CSS Developer
10	35 (6.22%)	UI Developer
11	26 (4.62%)	Designer
12	24 (4.26%)	Senior JavaScript Developer
13	22 (3.91%)	Node.js Developer
14	20 (3.55%)	C# .NET Developer
15	18 (3.20%)	UX Developer
16	16 (2.84%)	SQL Developer
16	16 (2.84%)	UX Designer

Libraries, Frameworks & Software Standards
1	511 (90.76%)	HTML
2	246 (43.69%)	AngularJS
3	217 (38.54%)	HTML5
4	167 (29.66%)	React
5	155 (27.53%)	CSS3
5	155 (27.53%)	jQuery
6	121 (21.49%)	.NET
7	116 (20.60%)	Node.js
8	81 (14.39%)	Sass
9	76 (13.50%)	RESTful
10	65 (11.55%)	Web Services
11	58 (10.30%)	Ajax
12	55 (9.77%)	XML
13	51 (9.06%)	ASP.NET
13	51 (9.06%)	JSON
14	48 (8.53%)	REST
15	47 (8.35%)	Twitter Bootstrap
16	46 (8.17%)	Redux
17	44 (7.82%)	Spring
18	38 (6.75%)	.NET Framework

Miscellaneous
1	103 (18.29%)	User Experience
2	41 (7.28%)	Greenfield Project
3	26 (4.62%)	Analytical Skills
4	21 (3.73%)	NHS
5	20 (3.55%)	Fintech
6	18 (3.20%)	Mobile App
7	15 (2.66%)	Computer Science
8	14 (2.49%)	Foreign Exchange (FX)
9	11 (1.95%)	Enterprise Software
10	10 (1.78%)	Data Structures
11	9 (1.60%)	RIA
11	9 (1.60%)	Social Media
12	7 (1.24%)	Equities
13	6 (1.07%)	Fixed Income
13	6 (1.07%)	Hedge funds
14	4 (0.71%)	Taxonomies
14	4 (0.71%)	Virtual Team
15	3 (0.53%)	Algorithms
15	3 (0.53%)	Cloud Native
15	3 (0.53%)	iPhone

Operating Systems
1	43 (7.64%)	Linux
2	32 (5.68%)	Windows
3	27 (4.80%)	Apple iOS
4	18 (3.20%)	Android
5	17 (3.02%)	Unix
6	5 (0.89%)	Windows 10
6	5 (0.89%)	Windows Server
7	3 (0.53%)	CentOS
7	3 (0.53%)	Ubuntu
8	1 (0.18%)	Mac OS X
8	1 (0.18%)	Red Hat Enterprise Linux
8	1 (0.18%)	Windows Server 2008
8	1 (0.18%)	Windows Server 2012

Processes & Methodologies
1	243 (43.16%)	Agile Software Development
2	166 (29.48%)	Front End Development
3	149 (26.47%)	TDD
4	125 (22.20%)	MVC
5	104 (18.47%)	Web Development
6	99 (17.58%)	Scrum
7	76 (13.50%)	OO
8	63 (11.19%)	BDD
9	62 (11.01%)	Continuous Integration
10	55 (9.77%)	Test Automation
11	54 (9.59%)	Unit Testing
12	42 (7.46%)	SOLID
13	41 (7.28%)	Kanban
13	41 (7.28%)	Software Engineering
14	40 (7.10%)	Pair Programming
15	38 (6.75%)	E-Commerce
15	38 (6.75%)	Responsive Web Design
15	38 (6.75%)	SOA
16	34 (6.04%)	Web Application Development
17	32 (5.68%)	Open Source

Programming Languages
1	454 (80.64%)	JavaScript
2	128 (22.74%)	C#
3	125 (22.20%)	Java
4	107 (19.01%)	SQL
5	48 (8.53%)	PHP
6	37 (6.57%)	ES6
7	34 (6.04%)	Python
8	32 (5.68%)	TypeScript
9	21 (3.73%)	Groovy
10	19 (3.37%)	Scala
11	18 (3.20%)	T-SQL
12	17 (3.02%)	Ruby
13	13 (2.31%)	Apple Swift
14	12 (2.13%)	Objective-C
14	12 (2.13%)	PowerShell
15	9 (1.60%)	Shell Script
16	7 (1.24%)	PL/SQL
17	6 (1.07%)	Bash Shell
17	6 (1.07%)	C
17	6 (1.07%)	C++

Qualifications
1	29 (5.15%)	Degree
2	12 (2.13%)	Computer Science Degree
3	7 (1.24%)	Security Cleared
4	5 (0.89%)	SC Cleared
5	2 (0.36%)	DV Cleared
5	2 (0.36%)	MCP
5	2 (0.36%)	Microsoft Certification
5	2 (0.36%)	OCPJP
5	2 (0.36%)	PMI Certification
5	2 (0.36%)	PMP
6	1 (0.18%)	BPSS Clearance
6	1 (0.18%)	Master's Degree

Quality Assurance & Compliance
1	40 (7.10%)	QA
2	6 (1.07%)	ISO/IEC 27001
3	4 (0.71%)	MiFID
4	2 (0.36%)	Dodd-Frank
4	2 (0.36%)	EMIR
5	1 (0.18%)	SLA

System Software
1	17 (3.02%)	Docker
2	1 (0.18%)	Varnish

Systems Management
1	12 (2.13%)	Kubernetes
2	3 (0.53%)	Ansible
2	3 (0.53%)	MOM
2	3 (0.53%)	Opscode Chef
3	2 (0.36%)	Puppet
3	2 (0.36%)	Terraform

Vendors
1	35 (6.22%)	Microsoft
2	20 (3.55%)	Adobe
2	20 (3.55%)	New Relic
3	18 (3.20%)	Oracle
4	17 (3.02%)	Google
5	8 (1.42%)	Salesforce.com
6	7 (1.24%)	Twitter
6	7 (1.24%)	Xamarin
7	5 (0.89%)	Apple
7	5 (0.89%)	Sitecore
8	4 (0.71%)	Marketo
8	4 (0.71%)	ServiceNow
8	4 (0.71%)	Tableau
9	3 (0.53%)	hybris
9	3 (0.53%)	IBM
9	3 (0.53%)	Red Hat
9	3 (0.53%)	Redback
9	3 (0.53%)	SAP
10	2 (0.36%)	Informatica
10	2 (0.36%)	TIBCO