LLM Job Trends in London

Large Language Model (LLM)
England > London

The table below provides summary statistics and salary benchmarking for jobs advertised in London requiring LLM skills. It covers permanent job vacancies from the 6 months leading up to 31 December 2025, with comparisons to the same periods in the previous two years.

6 months to
31 Dec 2025
Same period 2024 Same period 2023
Rank 165 329 400
Rank change year-on-year +164 +71 -
Permanent jobs citing LLM 241 109 39
As % of all permanent jobs in London 1.76% 0.69% 0.22%
As % of the Processes & Methodologies category 1.99% 0.73% 0.24%
Number of salaries quoted 123 66 34
10th Percentile £58,000 £52,500 £56,325
25th Percentile £75,000 £65,625 £65,938
Median annual salary (50th Percentile) £95,000 £85,000 £86,250
Median % change year-on-year +11.76% -1.45% -
75th Percentile £121,250 £100,000 £136,875
90th Percentile £151,000 £116,250 £147,500
England median annual salary £87,500 £77,500 £83,750
% change year-on-year +12.90% -7.46% -

All Process & Methodology Skills
London

LLM falls under the Processes and Methodologies category. For comparison with the information above, the following table provides summary statistics for all permanent job vacancies requiring process or methodology skills in London.

Permanent vacancies with a requirement for process or methodology skills 12,118 14,957 16,367
As % of all permanent jobs advertised in London 88.48% 94.35% 92.92%
Number of salaries quoted 7,728 8,393 13,166
10th Percentile £36,250 £43,000 £42,000
25th Percentile £51,250 £56,250 £56,250
Median annual salary (50th Percentile) £74,000 £75,000 £75,000
Median % change year-on-year -1.33% - -
75th Percentile £95,000 £97,500 £95,000
90th Percentile £117,500 £120,000 £116,250
England median annual salary £55,000 £60,000 £60,000
% change year-on-year -8.33% - -4.00%

LLM
Job Vacancy Trend in London

Historical trend showing the proportion of permanent IT job postings citing LLM relative to all permanent IT jobs advertised in London.

LLM job vacancy trend in London

LLM
Salary Trend in London

Salary distribution trend for jobs in London citing LLM.

Salary distribution trend for jobs in London citing LLM

LLM
Salary Histogram in London

Salary distribution for jobs citing LLM in London over the 6 months to 31 December 2025.

Salary histogram for LLM in London

LLM
Job Locations in London

The table below looks at the demand and provides a guide to the median salaries quoted in IT jobs citing LLM within the London region over the 6 months to 31 December 2025. The 'Rank Change' column provides an indication of the change in demand within each location based on the same 6 month period last year.

Location Rank Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Matching
Permanent
IT Job Ads
Median Salary
Past 6 Months
Median Salary
% Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Live
Jobs
Central London +42 36 £90,000 +19.21% 212
West London -3 3 - - 7
LLM
England

LLM
Co-Occurring Skills & Capabilities in London by Category

The following tables expand on the one above by listing co-occurrences grouped by category. They cover the same employment type, locality and period, with up to 20 co-occurrences shown in each category:

Application Platforms
1 17 (7.05%) Apache Airflow
1 17 (7.05%) Apache Spark
2 11 (4.56%) Appian
3 6 (2.49%) Jupyter
4 4 (1.66%) SharePoint
5 3 (1.24%) nginx
6 1 (0.41%) Apache
6 1 (0.41%) Confluence
Applications
1 17 (7.05%) Microsoft Office
2 4 (1.66%) Chatbot
Business Applications
1 1 (0.41%) SimCorp Dimension
Cloud Services
1 95 (39.42%) Azure
2 94 (39.00%) AWS
3 52 (21.58%) GCP
4 32 (13.28%) Vertex AI
5 29 (12.03%) Amazon Bedrock
6 22 (9.13%) Azure AI
7 21 (8.71%) GitHub
8 15 (6.22%) Anthropic Claude
8 15 (6.22%) Power Automate
9 13 (5.39%) GitHub Actions
10 12 (4.98%) SaaS
11 10 (4.15%) Google Gemini
11 10 (4.15%) Power Platform
12 9 (3.73%) Azure DevOps
12 9 (3.73%) Azure Machine Learning
12 9 (3.73%) Microsoft Copilot
13 8 (3.32%) Amazon Alexa
13 8 (3.32%) Serverless
14 7 (2.90%) Azure Data Factory
14 7 (2.90%) Datadog
Communications & Networking
1 2 (0.83%) AMQP
2 1 (0.41%) Internet
Database & Business Intelligence
1 20 (8.30%) Pinecone
2 14 (5.81%) NoSQL
3 11 (4.56%) PostgreSQL
4 7 (2.90%) MongoDB
4 7 (2.90%) Relational Database
4 7 (2.90%) SQL Server
5 6 (2.49%) MySQL
6 5 (2.07%) Data Warehouse
6 5 (2.07%) Hadoop
6 5 (2.07%) Weaviate
7 4 (1.66%) BigQuery
8 3 (1.24%) Big Data
8 3 (1.24%) Data Lake
8 3 (1.24%) Elasticsearch
9 2 (0.83%) Semantic Layer
10 1 (0.41%) DynamoDB
10 1 (0.41%) Flink
10 1 (0.41%) Neo4j
10 1 (0.41%) Power BI
10 1 (0.41%) Snowflake Schema
Development Applications
1 18 (7.47%) MLflow
2 11 (4.56%) Git
3 5 (2.07%) GitLab
3 5 (2.07%) Vite
4 4 (1.66%) Jenkins
5 2 (0.83%) Balsamiq
5 2 (0.83%) Cypress.io
5 2 (0.83%) JIRA
5 2 (0.83%) Mocha
5 2 (0.83%) webpack
6 1 (0.41%) Postman
General
1 83 (34.44%) Social Skills
2 54 (22.41%) Analytical Skills
3 40 (16.60%) Finance
4 17 (7.05%) Telecoms
5 15 (6.22%) German Language
5 15 (6.22%) Inclusion and Diversity
6 14 (5.81%) Legal
7 13 (5.39%) Banking
8 12 (4.98%) Law
9 10 (4.15%) Marketing
10 9 (3.73%) Retail
11 8 (3.32%) Italian Language
12 7 (2.90%) Health Technology
13 6 (2.49%) Presentation Skills
14 5 (2.07%) Public Sector
15 4 (1.66%) Financial Institution
16 3 (1.24%) Front Office
16 3 (1.24%) Investment Banking
16 3 (1.24%) Manufacturing
17 2 (0.83%) Organisational Skills
Job Titles
1 86 (35.68%) Senior
2 42 (17.43%) Artificial Intelligence Engineer
3 35 (14.52%) Lead
4 34 (14.11%) Consultant
5 32 (13.28%) Senior Consultant
6 27 (11.20%) Gen AI Consultant
7 20 (8.30%) Developer
8 14 (5.81%) Software Engineer
9 12 (4.98%) Data Engineer
9 12 (4.98%) Full-Stack Engineer
10 11 (4.56%) Architect
11 10 (4.15%) Data Scientist
11 10 (4.15%) Full-Stack Developer
12 8 (3.32%) Lead Developer
13 7 (2.90%) Automation Engineer
13 7 (2.90%) Principal Engineer
13 7 (2.90%) Senior Software Engineer
14 5 (2.07%) Artificial Intelligence Consultant
14 5 (2.07%) Python Engineer
14 5 (2.07%) SaaS Developer
Libraries, Frameworks & Software Standards
1 68 (28.22%) LangChain
2 50 (20.75%) PyTorch
3 44 (18.26%) TensorFlow
4 36 (14.94%) React
5 31 (12.86%) REST
5 31 (12.86%) scikit-learn
6 27 (11.20%) Pandas
7 26 (10.79%) Hugging Face
8 23 (9.54%) FastAPI
9 18 (7.47%) RESTful
10 17 (7.05%) Kafka
11 16 (6.64%) HTML
12 15 (6.22%) JSON
12 15 (6.22%) LangGraph
12 15 (6.22%) XML
13 14 (5.81%) NumPy
13 14 (5.81%) Web Services
14 13 (5.39%) Django
14 13 (5.39%) pytest
14 13 (5.39%) Vue
Miscellaneous
1 43 (17.84%) Cloud Native
2 35 (14.52%) Legacy Systems
2 35 (14.52%) Onboarding
3 34 (14.11%) AI Agents
4 23 (9.54%) Distributed Systems
5 12 (4.98%) Low-Code
6 10 (4.15%) Algorithms
7 8 (3.32%) Greenfield Project
8 7 (2.90%) Linux Command Line
9 5 (2.07%) Hackathon
10 4 (1.66%) Cyberattack
10 4 (1.66%) Distributed Denial-of-Service
10 4 (1.66%) Enterprise Software
10 4 (1.66%) Insider Threat
10 4 (1.66%) Mobile App
11 3 (1.24%) Product Ownership
11 3 (1.24%) Reinsurance
12 2 (0.83%) Autonomous Agent
12 2 (0.83%) Public Cloud
12 2 (0.83%) Self-Motivation
Operating Systems
1 11 (4.56%) Android
2 7 (2.90%) Unix
3 6 (2.49%) Windows
4 4 (1.66%) Linux
4 4 (1.66%) Mac OS
5 2 (0.83%) Apple iOS
Processes & Methodologies
1 238 (98.76%) AI
2 141 (58.51%) Machine Learning
3 99 (41.08%) Generative AI
4 77 (31.95%) Prompt Engineering
5 73 (30.29%) Retrieval-Augmented Generation
6 69 (28.63%) Computer Science
7 68 (28.22%) CI/CD
8 63 (26.14%) MLOps
9 56 (23.24%) Agile
10 51 (21.16%) Software Engineering
11 49 (20.33%) Data Science
12 48 (19.92%) Stakeholder Management
13 46 (19.09%) Roadmaps
14 43 (17.84%) DevOps
14 43 (17.84%) Full-Stack Development
15 42 (17.43%) Problem-Solving
16 41 (17.01%) Containerisation
17 38 (15.77%) Thought Leadership
18 37 (15.35%) Analytics
19 36 (14.94%) Open Source
Programming Languages
1 130 (53.94%) Python
2 43 (17.84%) SQL
3 24 (9.96%) JavaScript
3 24 (9.96%) TypeScript
4 20 (8.30%) C#
5 18 (7.47%) Java
6 15 (6.22%) Go
7 9 (3.73%) PHP
8 7 (2.90%) C++
9 5 (2.07%) Kotlin
10 4 (1.66%) PowerShell
10 4 (1.66%) R
11 3 (1.24%) Bash
11 3 (1.24%) Bicep
12 1 (0.41%) Data Analysis Expressions
12 1 (0.41%) Rust
12 1 (0.41%) Swift
Qualifications
1 101 (41.91%) Degree
2 45 (18.67%) Computer Science Degree
3 16 (6.64%) Master's Degree
4 12 (4.98%) Security Cleared
5 11 (4.56%) PhD
5 11 (4.56%) SC Cleared
6 10 (4.15%) MCP
7 5 (2.07%) Azure Certification
7 5 (2.07%) Microsoft Certification
8 4 (1.66%) CREST Certified
8 4 (1.66%) MBA
8 4 (1.66%) OSCE
8 4 (1.66%) OSCP
9 3 (1.24%) AWS Certification
10 2 (0.83%) DBS Check
10 2 (0.83%) DV Cleared
11 1 (0.41%) (ISC)2 CCSP
11 1 (0.41%) Cisco Certification
11 1 (0.41%) CISSP
11 1 (0.41%) Numerate Degree
Quality Assurance & Compliance
1 12 (4.98%) Data Quality
2 9 (3.73%) ISO/IEC 27001
3 6 (2.49%) GDPR
4 5 (2.07%) EU AI Act
5 4 (1.66%) Accessibility
5 4 (1.66%) Actionable Recommendations
5 4 (1.66%) QA
5 4 (1.66%) SLA
6 2 (0.83%) ISO/IEC 42001
7 1 (0.41%) NCSC
7 1 (0.41%) NIST
System Software
1 58 (24.07%) Docker
Systems Management
1 59 (24.48%) Kubernetes
2 23 (9.54%) Terraform
3 4 (1.66%) Ansible
3 4 (1.66%) Prometheus
4 3 (1.24%) Grafana
4 3 (1.24%) Kubeflow
5 1 (0.41%) Argo
Vendors
1 57 (23.65%) OpenAI
2 38 (15.77%) Google
2 38 (15.77%) Microsoft
3 13 (5.39%) Databricks
4 9 (3.73%) UiPath
5 7 (2.90%) Automation Anywhere
6 6 (2.49%) Foundry
7 3 (1.24%) CrowdStrike
7 3 (1.24%) Fortinet
7 3 (1.24%) Palo Alto
8 2 (0.83%) iManage
9 1 (0.41%) Adobe
9 1 (0.41%) Alteryx
9 1 (0.41%) Bloomberg
9 1 (0.41%) Informatica
9 1 (0.41%) NVIDIA
9 1 (0.41%) Palantir
9 1 (0.41%) Salesforce
9 1 (0.41%) SAP
9 1 (0.41%) SimCorp