Large Language Model (LLM)
UK

The following table provides summary statistics for contract job vacancies with a requirement for LLM skills. Included is a benchmarking guide to the contractor rates offered in vacancies that have cited LLM over the 6 months to 24 May 2024 with a comparison to the same period in the previous 2 years.

6 months to
24 May 2024
Same period 2023 Same period 2022
Rank 474 693 -
Rank change year-on-year +219 - -
Contract jobs citing LLM 95 2 0
As % of all contract jobs advertised in the UK 0.22% 0.004% -
As % of the Processes & Methodologies category 0.26% 0.004% -
Number of daily rates quoted 62 2 0
10th Percentile £403 £706 -
25th Percentile £486 £772 -
Median daily rate (50th Percentile) £580 £888 -
Median % change year-on-year -34.65% - -
75th Percentile £638 £997 -
90th Percentile £849 £1,059 -
UK excluding London median daily rate £588 - -

All Process and Methodology Skills
UK

LLM is in the Processes and Methodologies category. The following table is for comparison with the above and provides summary statistics for all contract job vacancies with a requirement for process or methodology skills.

Contract vacancies with a requirement for process or methodology skills 36,577 50,687 79,377
As % of all contract IT jobs advertised in the UK 85.85% 89.72% 90.62%
Number of daily rates quoted 23,572 35,094 55,727
10th Percentile £300 £325 £345
25th Percentile £413 £438 £431
Median daily rate (50th Percentile) £525 £550 £535
Median % change year-on-year -4.55% +2.80% +8.08%
75th Percentile £638 £650 £638
90th Percentile £750 £750 £738
UK excluding London median daily rate £500 £500 £485
% change year-on-year - +3.09% +9.98%
Number of hourly rates quoted 2,481 1,678 1,891
10th Percentile £12.75 £10.63 £12.50
25th Percentile £16.00 £15.73 £15.63
Median hourly rate £36.05 £36.13 £25.68
Median % change year-on-year -0.22% +40.67% +8.70%
75th Percentile £60.00 £65.00 £49.75
90th Percentile £72.50 £75.00 £65.00
UK excluding London median hourly rate £38.00 £35.00 £20.00
% change year-on-year +8.57% +75.00% -4.99%

LLM
Job Vacancy Trend

Job postings citing LLM as a proportion of all IT jobs advertised.

Job vacancy trend for LLM in the UK

LLM
Contractor Daily Rate Trend

3-month moving average daily rate quoted in jobs citing LLM.

Daily rate trend for LLM in the UK

LLM
Daily Rate Histogram

Daily rate distribution for jobs citing LLM over the 6 months to 24 May 2024.

Daily rate histogram for LLM in the UK

LLM
Top 10 Contract Locations

The table below looks at the demand and provides a guide to the median contractor rates quoted in IT jobs citing LLM within the UK over the 6 months to 24 May 2024. The 'Rank Change' column provides an indication of the change in demand within each location based on the same 6 month period last year.

Location Rank Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Matching
Contract
IT Job Ads
Median
Daily Rate
Past 6 Months
Median Daily Rate
% Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Live
Jobs
England +178 78 £575 -35.21% 189
London +150 61 £575 -35.21% 159
Work from Home +156 36 £600 -32.39% 67
UK excluding London - 9 £588 - 95
North of England - 5 £475 - 6
Yorkshire - 3 - -
South East - 2 £700 - 78
South West - 2 - - 3
North East - 1 - -
North West - 1 £475 - 6

LLM
Co-occurring Skills and Capabilities by Category

The follow tables expand on the table above by listing co-occurrences grouped by category. The same employment type, locality and period is covered with up to 20 co-occurrences shown in each of the following categories:

Application Platforms
1 3 (3.16%) Apache Spark
2 2 (2.11%) Confluence
3 1 (1.05%) Apache Airflow
3 1 (1.05%) Cloud Foundry
3 1 (1.05%) SharePoint
Applications
1 3 (3.16%) MS Visio
2 2 (2.11%) Chatbot
2 2 (2.11%) Microsoft Office
Cloud Services
1 41 (43.16%) AWS
2 19 (20.00%) Azure
3 11 (11.58%) GCP
4 10 (10.53%) Cloud Computing
5 6 (6.32%) Vertex AI
6 5 (5.26%) Amazon SageMaker
6 5 (5.26%) AWS Lambda
6 5 (5.26%) Azure Cognitive Services
6 5 (5.26%) Serverless
7 4 (4.21%) Azure Machine Learning
7 4 (4.21%) ChatGPT
8 3 (3.16%) Lucidchart
9 2 (2.11%) Azure Cognitive Search
9 2 (2.11%) Azure Data Factory
9 2 (2.11%) Azure DevOps
9 2 (2.11%) Microsoft 365
9 2 (2.11%) OpenShift
9 2 (2.11%) PaaS
9 2 (2.11%) SaaS
9 2 (2.11%) Slack
Communications & Networking
1 2 (2.11%) VPN
Database & Business Intelligence
1 20 (21.05%) NoSQL
2 5 (5.26%) Relational Database
3 4 (4.21%) Big Data
3 4 (4.21%) Bigtable
3 4 (4.21%) Cloud Spanner
3 4 (4.21%) Data Mining
4 3 (3.16%) Data Warehouse
5 2 (2.11%) Data Lake
5 2 (2.11%) MySQL
5 2 (2.11%) PostgreSQL
5 2 (2.11%) Power BI
5 2 (2.11%) SQL Server
5 2 (2.11%) Tableau
6 1 (1.05%) DynamoDB
6 1 (1.05%) Flink
6 1 (1.05%) Hadoop
6 1 (1.05%) MongoDB
6 1 (1.05%) Pinecone
6 1 (1.05%) SAP HANA
Development Applications
1 5 (5.26%) Git
2 2 (2.11%) Bitbucket
2 2 (2.11%) JIRA
3 1 (1.05%) CircleCI
3 1 (1.05%) MLflow
General
1 14 (14.74%) Finance
1 14 (14.74%) Social Skills
2 5 (5.26%) Analytical Skills
3 4 (4.21%) Banking
3 4 (4.21%) Financial Institution
3 4 (4.21%) Public Sector
3 4 (4.21%) Telecoms
4 3 (3.16%) Electronics
4 3 (3.16%) Health Technology
4 3 (3.16%) Manufacturing
4 3 (3.16%) Marketing
4 3 (3.16%) Presentation Skills
5 2 (2.11%) Pharmaceutical
5 2 (2.11%) Retail
6 1 (1.05%) Hungarian Language
6 1 (1.05%) Inclusion and Diversity
6 1 (1.05%) Law
6 1 (1.05%) Legal
6 1 (1.05%) Publishing
Job Titles
1 25 (26.32%) Developer
2 18 (18.95%) Architect
3 12 (12.63%) Artificial Intelligence Engineer
3 12 (12.63%) Senior
3 12 (12.63%) Software Developer
4 11 (11.58%) Data Scientist
4 11 (11.58%) Python Developer
5 9 (9.47%) Software Engineer
6 8 (8.42%) Lead
7 7 (7.37%) AWS Engineer
7 7 (7.37%) Lead Architect
8 6 (6.32%) .NET Architect
8 6 (6.32%) .NET Software Engineer
8 6 (6.32%) AWS Architect
8 6 (6.32%) AWS Software Engineer
8 6 (6.32%) Azure Engineer
8 6 (6.32%) Data Engineer
8 6 (6.32%) Lead Software Architect
8 6 (6.32%) Lead Software Engineer
8 6 (6.32%) Machine Learning Engineer
Libraries, Frameworks & Software Standards
1 21 (22.11%) PyTorch
2 20 (21.05%) RESTful
2 20 (21.05%) TensorFlow
3 18 (18.95%) FastAPI
4 11 (11.58%) .NET
4 11 (11.58%) WebSockets
5 10 (10.53%) scikit-learn
6 9 (9.47%) React
7 8 (8.42%) CSS
7 8 (8.42%) Kafka
8 7 (7.37%) LangChain
9 6 (6.32%) .NET Core
9 6 (6.32%) Hugging Face
10 5 (5.26%) Google JAX
10 5 (5.26%) REST
11 3 (3.16%) AngularJS
11 3 (3.16%) PySpark
12 2 (2.11%) .NET Framework
12 2 (2.11%) NumPy
12 2 (2.11%) Vue
Miscellaneous
1 11 (11.58%) Algorithms
2 7 (7.37%) Distributed Systems
3 5 (5.26%) Public Cloud
4 4 (4.21%) Distributed Computing
4 4 (4.21%) Greenfield Project
5 3 (3.16%) Security Posture
5 3 (3.16%) Team-Oriented Environment
6 2 (2.11%) Life Science
6 2 (2.11%) PKI
6 2 (2.11%) Product Ownership
6 2 (2.11%) Renewable Energy
7 1 (1.05%) Blockchain
7 1 (1.05%) Blog
7 1 (1.05%) Cloud Native
7 1 (1.05%) Data Fabric
7 1 (1.05%) Data Protection Act
7 1 (1.05%) Mobile App
Operating Systems
1 2 (2.11%) Linux
1 2 (2.11%) Windows
Processes & Methodologies
1 68 (71.58%) Artificial Intelligence
2 62 (65.26%) Machine Learning
3 25 (26.32%) Analytics
4 21 (22.11%) API Development
4 21 (22.11%) Data Science
4 21 (22.11%) Generative AI
5 20 (21.05%) Software Engineering
6 18 (18.95%) Natural Language Processing
7 16 (16.84%) Computer Science
8 13 (13.68%) Problem-Solving
8 13 (13.68%) Use Case
9 12 (12.63%) Unit Testing
10 11 (11.58%) CI/CD
10 11 (11.58%) Data Encryption
10 11 (11.58%) End-to-End Testing
10 11 (11.58%) Integration Testing
11 10 (10.53%) Data Engineering
11 10 (10.53%) Open Source
12 8 (8.42%) Data Pipeline
12 8 (8.42%) Deep Learning
Programming Languages
1 71 (74.74%) Python
2 26 (27.37%) SQL
3 22 (23.16%) Java
4 14 (14.74%) C#
5 10 (10.53%) JavaScript
6 6 (6.32%) Clojure
6 6 (6.32%) Haskell
6 6 (6.32%) Rust
6 6 (6.32%) T-SQL
6 6 (6.32%) TypeScript
7 5 (5.26%) PowerShell
8 3 (3.16%) C++
8 3 (3.16%) Go
8 3 (3.16%) Kusto Query Language
8 3 (3.16%) R
8 3 (3.16%) Scala
9 2 (2.11%) C
9 2 (2.11%) Julia
10 1 (1.05%) Bash
10 1 (1.05%) Ruby
Qualifications
1 19 (20.00%) Degree
1 19 (20.00%) SC Cleared
1 19 (20.00%) Security Cleared
2 9 (9.47%) Master's Degree
3 4 (4.21%) Computer Science Degree
3 4 (4.21%) PhD
4 3 (3.16%) Azure Certification
4 3 (3.16%) CTC Cleared
5 2 (2.11%) Numerate Degree
Quality Assurance & Compliance
1 1 (1.05%) Accessibility
1 1 (1.05%) GDPR
1 1 (1.05%) ISO/IEC 27001
1 1 (1.05%) NIST
System Software
1 12 (12.63%) Docker
2 2 (2.11%) VMware Infrastructure
2 2 (2.11%) VMware NSX
Systems Management
1 17 (17.89%) Kubernetes
2 3 (3.16%) Terraform
3 2 (2.11%) Ansible
3 2 (2.11%) OPNET
3 2 (2.11%) PowerCLI
4 1 (1.05%) Kubeflow
Vendors
1 23 (24.21%) OpenAI
2 8 (8.42%) Google
3 7 (7.37%) Microsoft
4 4 (4.21%) SAP
5 3 (3.16%) Genesys
6 2 (2.11%) Atlassian
6 2 (2.11%) Cisco
6 2 (2.11%) Databricks
6 2 (2.11%) VMware
7 1 (1.05%) Dataiku
7 1 (1.05%) DataRobot