Behaviour-Driven Development (BDD)
UK

The following table provides summary statistics for contract job vacancies with a requirement for BDD skills. Included is a benchmarking guide to the contractor rates offered in vacancies that have cited BDD over the 6 months to 18 May 2024 with a comparison to the same period in the previous 2 years.

6 months to
18 May 2024
Same period 2023 Same period 2022
Rank 266 183 127
Rank change year-on-year -83 -56 -27
Contract jobs citing BDD 345 803 1,801
As % of all contract jobs advertised in the UK 0.81% 1.41% 2.06%
As % of the Processes & Methodologies category 0.94% 1.57% 2.27%
Number of daily rates quoted 263 574 1,341
10th Percentile £350 £413 £406
25th Percentile £450 £500 £468
Median daily rate (50th Percentile) £533 £600 £550
Median % change year-on-year -11.17% +9.09% +4.76%
75th Percentile £638 £695 £653
90th Percentile £738 £743 £725
UK excluding London median daily rate £533 £500 £508
% change year-on-year +6.50% -1.48% +12.78%
Number of hourly rates quoted 2 24 16
10th Percentile - £61.63 £45.63
25th Percentile - £70.00 £54.88
Median hourly rate £56.25 £72.50 £65.54
Median % change year-on-year -22.41% +10.62% +58.88%
75th Percentile - £75.00 £76.64
90th Percentile - - £79.13
UK excluding London median hourly rate £56.25 £72.50 £54.00
% change year-on-year -22.41% +34.26% +28.57%

All Process and Methodology Skills
UK

BDD is in the Processes and Methodologies category. The following table is for comparison with the above and provides summary statistics for all contract job vacancies with a requirement for process or methodology skills.

Contract vacancies with a requirement for process or methodology skills 36,673 51,121 79,325
As % of all contract IT jobs advertised in the UK 86.13% 89.77% 90.61%
Number of daily rates quoted 23,631 35,432 55,673
10th Percentile £300 £325 £344
25th Percentile £413 £438 £430
Median daily rate (50th Percentile) £525 £550 £530
Median % change year-on-year -4.55% +3.77% +7.07%
75th Percentile £638 £650 £638
90th Percentile £750 £750 £738
UK excluding London median daily rate £500 £500 £480
% change year-on-year - +4.17% +9.09%
Number of hourly rates quoted 2,440 1,683 1,892
10th Percentile £12.75 £10.63 £12.50
25th Percentile £15.99 £16.01 £15.50
Median hourly rate £36.05 £36.00 £25.68
Median % change year-on-year +0.13% +40.19% +7.00%
75th Percentile £60.00 £65.00 £49.54
90th Percentile £72.50 £75.00 £65.00
UK excluding London median hourly rate £37.50 £35.00 £20.00
% change year-on-year +7.14% +75.00% -4.99%

BDD
Job Vacancy Trend

Job postings citing BDD as a proportion of all IT jobs advertised.

Job vacancy trend for BDD in the UK

BDD
Contractor Daily Rate Trend

3-month moving average daily rate quoted in jobs citing BDD.

Daily rate trend for BDD in the UK

BDD
Daily Rate Histogram

Daily rate distribution for jobs citing BDD over the 6 months to 18 May 2024.

Daily rate histogram for BDD in the UK

BDD
Contractor Hourly Rate Trend

3-month moving average hourly rates quoted in jobs citing BDD.

Hourly rate trend for BDD in the UK

BDD
Top 16 Contract Locations

The table below looks at the demand and provides a guide to the median contractor rates quoted in IT jobs citing BDD within the UK over the 6 months to 18 May 2024. The 'Rank Change' column provides an indication of the change in demand within each location based on the same 6 month period last year.

Location Rank Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Matching
Contract
IT Job Ads
Median
Daily Rate
Past 6 Months
Median Daily Rate
% Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Live
Jobs
England -85 293 £550 -8.33% 274
London -42 207 £550 -12.35% 130
Work from Home -82 101 £500 -10.71% 301
UK excluding London -82 85 £533 +6.50% 175
South East 0 27 £550 +10.00% 42
North of England -26 26 £500 -11.11% 35
South West -20 17 £590 +18.00% 29
Yorkshire -13 13 £550 -15.38% 8
North West 0 10 £500 -3.85% 24
Scotland +11 6 £498 +8.97% 14
Midlands +6 6 £425 +13.33% 36
West Midlands +18 5 £450 +18.03% 28
North East +2 3 - - 3
Wales +19 2 £363 - 5
East Midlands +3 1 £398 +41.96% 8
East of England -6 1 £500 -8.59% 12

BDD
Co-occurring Skills and Capabilities by Category

The follow tables expand on the table above by listing co-occurrences grouped by category. The same employment type, locality and period is covered with up to 20 co-occurrences shown in each of the following categories:

Application Platforms
1 22 (6.38%) Confluence
2 5 (1.45%) Drupal
3 4 (1.16%) SharePoint
4 2 (0.58%) Apache
4 2 (0.58%) Apache Spark
4 2 (0.58%) Microsoft Exchange
4 2 (0.58%) OpenStack
5 1 (0.29%) Apache Airflow
5 1 (0.29%) Appian
5 1 (0.29%) CMS
5 1 (0.29%) IIS
5 1 (0.29%) JBoss
5 1 (0.29%) Red Hat Fuse
5 1 (0.29%) WebLogic
Applications
1 2 (0.58%) Mingle
2 1 (0.29%) Trello
Business Applications
1 8 (2.32%) NEC Housing
2 4 (1.16%) Dynamics CRM
3 3 (0.87%) Endur
3 3 (0.87%) RMDS
4 2 (0.58%) FLEXCUBE
4 2 (0.58%) Oracle BPM
5 1 (0.29%) Aareon QL
5 1 (0.29%) Distributed Ledger
5 1 (0.29%) MIS ActiveH
5 1 (0.29%) OPENHousing
Cloud Services
1 93 (26.96%) AWS
2 88 (25.51%) Azure
3 36 (10.43%) Azure DevOps
4 32 (9.28%) GitHub
4 32 (9.28%) Serverless
5 20 (5.80%) AWS Lambda
6 17 (4.93%) GCP
7 15 (4.35%) Amazon EC2
7 15 (4.35%) Power Platform
8 11 (3.19%) Amazon S3
8 11 (3.19%) AWS Step Functions
8 11 (3.19%) Azure Service Bus
8 11 (3.19%) PowerApps
9 10 (2.90%) Power Automate
10 9 (2.61%) Amazon CloudWatch
11 8 (2.32%) Azure Functions
11 8 (2.32%) BrowserStack
12 7 (2.03%) Azure Key Vault
12 7 (2.03%) Azure Logic Apps
12 7 (2.03%) Azure Storage
Communications & Networking
1 13 (3.77%) HTTP
2 7 (2.03%) SSH
3 5 (1.45%) Internet
4 3 (0.87%) BGP
4 3 (0.87%) Cisco IOS
4 3 (0.87%) IOS XR
5 2 (0.58%) Unified Communications
6 1 (0.29%) Intranet
6 1 (0.29%) PuTTY
Database & Business Intelligence
1 32 (9.28%) MongoDB
2 26 (7.54%) NoSQL
2 26 (7.54%) SQL Server
3 22 (6.38%) PostgreSQL
4 14 (4.06%) MySQL
5 10 (2.90%) Apache Cassandra
5 10 (2.90%) Relational Database
6 9 (2.61%) Azure SQL Database
7 7 (2.03%) Big Data
7 7 (2.03%) Data Lake
7 7 (2.03%) Data Warehouse
7 7 (2.03%) OLTP
7 7 (2.03%) Power BI
8 6 (1.74%) KDB
8 6 (1.74%) Redis
9 4 (1.16%) Amazon Redshift
10 3 (0.87%) DynamoDB
10 3 (0.87%) MariaDB
10 3 (0.87%) Tableau
11 2 (0.58%) RavenDB
Development Applications
1 98 (28.41%) Cucumber
2 75 (21.74%) Git
3 72 (20.87%) Selenium
4 66 (19.13%) JIRA
5 53 (15.36%) Jenkins
6 42 (12.17%) Postman
7 36 (10.43%) SpecFlow
8 35 (10.14%) JUnit
9 31 (8.99%) WebDriver
10 28 (8.12%) JMeter
11 24 (6.96%) Mockito
12 23 (6.67%) Cypress.io
13 21 (6.09%) REST Assured
13 21 (6.09%) TestNG
14 19 (5.51%) SoapUI
14 19 (5.51%) Visual Studio
15 17 (4.93%) GitLab
16 14 (4.06%) Appium
17 13 (3.77%) Gatling
18 10 (2.90%) Bitbucket
General
1 80 (23.19%) Social Skills
2 68 (19.71%) Finance
3 58 (16.81%) Banking
4 33 (9.57%) Public Sector
5 31 (8.99%) Analytical Skills
6 30 (8.70%) Investment Banking
7 13 (3.77%) Front Office
8 10 (2.90%) Back Office
9 6 (1.74%) Retail
9 6 (1.74%) Tech for Good
9 6 (1.74%) Telecoms
10 5 (1.45%) Presentation Skills
11 4 (1.16%) Inclusion and Diversity
12 3 (0.87%) Electronics
12 3 (0.87%) Law
12 3 (0.87%) Manufacturing
12 3 (0.87%) Marketing
12 3 (0.87%) Wholesale Banking
13 2 (0.58%) Games
13 2 (0.58%) Legal
Job Titles
1 147 (42.61%) Developer
2 76 (22.03%) Senior
3 49 (14.20%) Java Developer
4 37 (10.72%) Senior Developer
5 35 (10.14%) Software Engineer
6 32 (9.28%) Tester
7 31 (8.99%) Scala Developer
8 27 (7.83%) Test Engineer
9 25 (7.25%) Analyst
10 23 (6.67%) Lead
11 21 (6.09%) Senior Java Developer
12 16 (4.64%) Full Stack Developer
12 16 (4.64%) Test Automation Engineer
13 15 (4.35%) Automation Tester
14 14 (4.06%) QA Engineer
14 14 (4.06%) Software Developer
15 12 (3.48%) Automation Engineer
15 12 (3.48%) Java Engineer
15 12 (3.48%) Senior Test Engineer
16 11 (3.19%) QA Tester
Libraries, Frameworks & Software Standards
1 75 (21.74%) .NET
2 62 (17.97%) REST
3 55 (15.94%) React
4 43 (12.46%) Spring
5 41 (11.88%) Kafka
6 39 (11.30%) Web Services
7 38 (11.01%) AngularJS
8 33 (9.57%) RESTful
9 31 (8.99%) .NET Framework
10 26 (7.54%) JSON
11 25 (7.25%) ActiveMQ
11 25 (7.25%) HTML
12 24 (6.96%) Spring Boot
12 24 (6.96%) XML
13 22 (6.38%) CSS
13 22 (6.38%) Node.js
13 22 (6.38%) SOAP
14 21 (6.09%) JAX-RS
15 20 (5.80%) GraphQL
16 17 (4.93%) .NET Core
Miscellaneous
1 16 (4.64%) Derivative
2 14 (4.06%) Product Ownership
3 12 (3.48%) Foreign Exchange (FX)
4 11 (3.19%) Enterprise Software
5 10 (2.90%) Linux Command Line
6 9 (2.61%) Self-Motivation
7 7 (2.03%) Distributed Systems
8 6 (1.74%) Management Information System
8 6 (1.74%) Public Cloud
9 5 (1.45%) Greenfield Project
9 5 (1.45%) Hybrid Cloud
10 4 (1.16%) Algorithms
10 4 (1.16%) Data Centre
10 4 (1.16%) Data Protection Act
10 4 (1.16%) Fixed Income
10 4 (1.16%) Interest Rate Derivative
10 4 (1.16%) Market Risk
10 4 (1.16%) Mobile App
10 4 (1.16%) Private Cloud
11 3 (0.87%) Virtual Team
Operating Systems
1 41 (11.88%) Linux
2 39 (11.30%) Unix
3 23 (6.67%) Mac OS X
4 3 (0.87%) Windows
5 1 (0.29%) Android
5 1 (0.29%) Red Hat Enterprise Linux
5 1 (0.29%) Windows Server
Processes & Methodologies
1 224 (64.93%) TDD
2 211 (61.16%) Agile
3 162 (46.96%) Test Automation
4 117 (33.91%) CI/CD
5 110 (31.88%) DevOps
6 101 (29.28%) Microservices
7 74 (21.45%) Scrum
8 65 (18.84%) Software Engineering
9 64 (18.55%) Continuous Integration
10 45 (13.04%) Kanban
11 44 (12.75%) Pair Programming
11 44 (12.75%) Problem-Solving
12 43 (12.46%) Full Stack Development
12 43 (12.46%) SDLC
13 38 (11.01%) Continuous Deployment
14 37 (10.72%) Test Strategy
15 35 (10.14%) OO
16 33 (9.57%) ATDD
17 32 (9.28%) User Stories
18 29 (8.41%) Software Testing
Programming Languages
1 164 (47.54%) Java
2 77 (22.32%) SQL
3 65 (18.84%) C#
3 65 (18.84%) JavaScript
4 58 (16.81%) Python
5 52 (15.07%) TypeScript
6 41 (11.88%) Scala
7 19 (5.51%) PowerShell
8 12 (3.48%) Bash
9 9 (2.61%) Go
9 9 (2.61%) Perl
10 8 (2.32%) Shell Script
11 7 (2.03%) C
12 6 (1.74%) C++
12 6 (1.74%) Groovy
12 6 (1.74%) Ruby
13 5 (1.45%) PHP
14 4 (1.16%) Bicep
14 4 (1.16%) T-SQL
15 3 (0.87%) Kotlin
Qualifications
1 73 (21.16%) Security Cleared
2 59 (17.10%) SC Cleared
3 24 (6.96%) Degree
4 9 (2.61%) Computer Science Degree
4 9 (2.61%) ISTQB
5 8 (2.32%) DV Cleared
5 8 (2.32%) ISTQB Foundation Certification
6 6 (1.74%) Master's Degree
7 3 (0.87%) ISEB
8 2 (0.58%) Numerate Degree
9 1 (0.29%) Azure Certification
9 1 (0.29%) Microsoft Certification
Quality Assurance & Compliance
1 61 (17.68%) QA
2 28 (8.12%) Accessibility
3 6 (1.74%) WCAG
4 2 (0.58%) Disclosure Scotland
4 2 (0.58%) HL7
5 1 (0.29%) Data Quality
5 1 (0.29%) GDPR
5 1 (0.29%) PCI DSS
5 1 (0.29%) SLA
System Software
1 53 (15.36%) Docker
2 1 (0.29%) Active Directory
2 1 (0.29%) Hyper-V
2 1 (0.29%) Terminal Services
2 1 (0.29%) vSphere
Systems Management
1 54 (15.65%) Kubernetes
2 39 (11.30%) Terraform
3 27 (7.83%) Ansible
4 13 (3.77%) Grafana
5 7 (2.03%) Prometheus
6 5 (1.45%) Kibana
6 5 (1.45%) Progress Chef
6 5 (1.45%) Puppet
7 4 (1.16%) HP ALM
7 4 (1.16%) Nagios
8 2 (0.58%) logstash
9 1 (0.29%) HP Quality Center
9 1 (0.29%) Istio
9 1 (0.29%) vRealize
Vendors
1 40 (11.59%) Microsoft
2 24 (6.96%) Oracle
3 8 (2.32%) NEC
3 8 (2.32%) SAP
4 7 (2.03%) Splunk
5 6 (1.74%) CA Agile Central
5 6 (1.74%) Salesforce
5 6 (1.74%) Typelevel
6 5 (1.45%) Atlassian
6 5 (1.45%) Perfecto Mobile
7 4 (1.16%) ION Trading
7 4 (1.16%) New Relic
8 3 (0.87%) Cisco
8 3 (0.87%) Google
8 3 (0.87%) Solace
8 3 (0.87%) TOWER Software
9 2 (0.58%) HP
9 2 (0.58%) Murex
9 2 (0.58%) Planview
10 1 (0.29%) Red Hat