TDD Contracts

Test-Driven Development (TDD)
UK

The table below provides summary statistics for contract job vacancies requiring TDD skills. It includes a benchmarking guide to the contractor rates offered in vacancies that cited TDD over the 6 months leading up to 30 April 2025, comparing them to the same period in the previous two years.

6 months to
30 Apr 2025
Same period 2024 Same period 2023
Rank 150 127 75
Rank change year-on-year -23 -52 -19
Contract jobs citing TDD 560 787 1,894
As % of all contract jobs advertised in the UK 1.92% 1.81% 3.17%
As % of the Processes & Methodologies category 2.11% 2.09% 3.53%
Number of daily rates quoted 393 523 1,414
10th Percentile £380 £363 £450
25th Percentile £435 £456 £511
Median daily rate (50th Percentile) £525 £550 £600
Median % change year-on-year -4.55% -8.33% +4.35%
75th Percentile £663 £700 £738
90th Percentile £800 £835 £813
UK excluding London median daily rate £480 £500 £550
% change year-on-year -4.00% -9.09% +10.00%
Number of hourly rates quoted 5 48 45
10th Percentile £35.63 - £57.75
25th Percentile £61.25 £61.25 £65.00
Median hourly rate £65.00 £65.00 £67.00
Median % change year-on-year - -2.99% +2.29%
75th Percentile - - £75.00
90th Percentile - - -
UK excluding London median hourly rate £65.00 £65.00 £65.00
% change year-on-year - - +2.18%

All Process and Methodology Skills
UK

TDD falls under the Processes and Methodologies category. For comparison with the information above, the following table provides summary statistics for all contract job vacancies requiring process or methodology skills.

Contract vacancies with a requirement for process or methodology skills 26,551 37,621 53,662
As % of all contract IT jobs advertised in the UK 90.82% 86.30% 89.91%
Number of daily rates quoted 17,137 24,254 37,244
10th Percentile £308 £300 £325
25th Percentile £413 £413 £438
Median daily rate (50th Percentile) £521 £525 £550
Median % change year-on-year -0.86% -4.55% +4.76%
75th Percentile £630 £638 £650
90th Percentile £744 £750 £750
UK excluding London median daily rate £481 £500 £500
% change year-on-year -3.80% - +5.26%
Number of hourly rates quoted 1,071 2,437 1,746
10th Percentile £14.70 £12.75 £11.00
25th Percentile £18.50 £16.00 £16.25
Median hourly rate £29.00 £35.50 £37.30
Median % change year-on-year -18.31% -4.83% +49.20%
75th Percentile £62.00 £59.95 £65.00
90th Percentile £75.00 £72.50 £75.00
UK excluding London median hourly rate £27.94 £36.50 £36.00
% change year-on-year -23.45% +1.39% +80.00%

TDD
Job Vacancy Trend

Job postings citing TDD as a proportion of all IT jobs advertised.

Job vacancy trend for TDD in the UK

TDD
Contractor Daily Rate Trend

3-month moving average daily rate quoted in jobs citing TDD.

Daily rate trend for TDD in the UK

TDD
Daily Rate Histogram

Daily rate distribution for jobs citing TDD over the 6 months to 30 April 2025.

Daily rate histogram for TDD in the UK

TDD
Contractor Hourly Rate Trend

3-month moving average hourly rates quoted in jobs citing TDD.

Hourly rate trend for TDD in the UK

TDD
Hourly Rate Histogram

Hourly rate distribution of jobs citing TDD over the 6 months to 30 April 2025.

Hourly rate histogram for TDD in the UK

TDD
Top 16 Contract Locations

The table below looks at the demand and provides a guide to the median contractor rates quoted in IT jobs citing TDD within the UK over the 6 months to 30 April 2025. The 'Rank Change' column provides an indication of the change in demand within each location based on the same 6 month period last year.

Location Rank Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Matching
Contract
IT Job Ads
Median
Daily Rate
Past 6 Months
Median Daily Rate
% Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Live
Jobs
England -27 456 £534 -7.22% 556
London -42 281 £620 +3.25% 248
UK excluding London +24 204 £480 -4.00% 346
Work from Home +11 192 £534 +6.70% 411
North of England +48 82 £502 -8.82% 156
Yorkshire +23 37 £520 -12.28% 32
North West +20 36 £525 - 115
Scotland +5 35 £455 -1.62% 28
Midlands +40 28 £461 +6.03% 47
West Midlands +26 21 £460 +2.22% 30
South East +7 21 £500 +5.26% 49
South West +35 16 £373 -34.79% 27
East of England -6 16 £489 -0.80% 29
North East +6 10 £480 +28.00% 10
East Midlands +16 7 £463 +16.35% 17
Wales - 6 £395 - 9

TDD
Co-occurring Skills and Capabilities by Category

The follow tables expand on the table above by listing co-occurrences grouped by category. The same employment type, locality and period is covered with up to 20 co-occurrences shown in each of the following categories:

Application Platforms
1 54 (9.64%) Confluence
2 8 (1.43%) Apache
3 7 (1.25%) Apache Spark
4 5 (0.89%) CMS
4 5 (0.89%) WordPress
5 4 (0.71%) Alfresco
5 4 (0.71%) Camunda
5 4 (0.71%) Drupal
6 3 (0.54%) SharePoint
7 2 (0.36%) Apache Airflow
7 2 (0.36%) JBoss
8 1 (0.18%) Anypoint
8 1 (0.18%) IIS
8 1 (0.18%) MQSeries
8 1 (0.18%) nginx
8 1 (0.18%) Oracle Coherence
8 1 (0.18%) Tomcat
8 1 (0.18%) Umbraco
8 1 (0.18%) WebLogic
Applications
1 3 (0.54%) Microsoft Office
2 2 (0.36%) Microsoft Excel
2 2 (0.36%) MS Visio
2 2 (0.36%) Notepad++
2 2 (0.36%) Open Workbench
2 2 (0.36%) Trello
Business Applications
1 4 (0.71%) Dynamics CRM
2 1 (0.18%) NetSuite
2 1 (0.18%) Oracle TCA
2 1 (0.18%) SAP HCM
2 1 (0.18%) Workday HCM
Cloud Services
1 211 (37.68%) AWS
2 162 (28.93%) Azure
3 63 (11.25%) Azure DevOps
3 63 (11.25%) GCP
4 47 (8.39%) Serverless
5 37 (6.61%) GitHub
6 32 (5.71%) Amazon S3
7 30 (5.36%) AWS Lambda
8 25 (4.46%) Cloud Computing
9 22 (3.93%) Amazon EC2
9 22 (3.93%) AWS CloudFormation
10 18 (3.21%) Slack
11 16 (2.86%) Route 53
12 15 (2.68%) OpenShift
12 15 (2.68%) SaaS
13 14 (2.50%) PaaS
14 13 (2.32%) GitHub Actions
15 12 (2.14%) Amazon EKS
15 12 (2.14%) Amazon SQS
16 11 (1.96%) IaaS
Communications & Networking
1 11 (1.96%) HTTP
2 7 (1.25%) Firewall
3 5 (0.89%) Ethernet
3 5 (0.89%) TCP/IP
4 4 (0.71%) Internet
4 4 (0.71%) Network Security
4 4 (0.71%) Wireless
5 3 (0.54%) IPsec
5 3 (0.54%) Kerberos
5 3 (0.54%) SSL
6 2 (0.36%) SAN
7 1 (0.18%) FIX Connectivity
7 1 (0.18%) PuTTY
7 1 (0.18%) VPN
Database & Business Intelligence
1 124 (22.14%) PostgreSQL
2 76 (13.57%) Relational Database
3 68 (12.14%) MongoDB
4 50 (8.93%) MySQL
5 48 (8.57%) SQL Server
6 46 (8.21%) NoSQL
7 24 (4.29%) Apache Cassandra
8 20 (3.57%) Amazon RDS
8 20 (3.57%) Redis
9 15 (2.68%) Amazon Aurora
10 12 (2.14%) DynamoDB
11 9 (1.61%) DocumentDB
12 8 (1.43%) Data Warehouse
13 7 (1.25%) CockroachDB
14 6 (1.07%) RDBMS
15 5 (0.89%) Amazon Redshift
16 4 (0.71%) MariaDB
16 4 (0.71%) Oracle Database
17 3 (0.54%) GIS
17 3 (0.54%) SQL Server Reporting Services
Development Applications
1 113 (20.18%) Jenkins
2 99 (17.68%) JUnit
3 96 (17.14%) Git
4 73 (13.04%) JIRA
5 55 (9.82%) Cucumber
6 54 (9.64%) Mockito
7 51 (9.11%) Gradle
8 35 (6.25%) Liquibase
9 30 (5.36%) GitLab
9 30 (5.36%) Maven
10 26 (4.64%) Jasmine
11 24 (4.29%) Selenium
12 20 (3.57%) Cypress.io
13 16 (2.86%) Postman
14 14 (2.50%) TeamCity
15 11 (1.96%) Bitbucket Server
16 10 (1.79%) SonarQube
17 9 (1.61%) Bitbucket
17 9 (1.61%) REST Assured
17 9 (1.61%) Subversion
General
1 140 (25.00%) Finance
1 140 (25.00%) Public Sector
2 126 (22.50%) Social Skills
3 66 (11.79%) Banking
4 45 (8.04%) Analytical Skills
5 44 (7.86%) Investment Banking
6 38 (6.79%) Marketing
7 37 (6.61%) Telecoms
8 35 (6.25%) Electronics
8 35 (6.25%) Manufacturing
9 34 (6.07%) Front Office
10 15 (2.68%) Back Office
11 10 (1.79%) Presentation Skills
12 9 (1.61%) Inclusion and Diversity
12 9 (1.61%) Military
13 7 (1.25%) Retail Banking
14 5 (0.89%) Multimedia
15 3 (0.54%) Financial Institution
15 3 (0.54%) Retail
16 2 (0.36%) Automotive
Job Titles
1 357 (63.75%) Developer
2 141 (25.18%) Java Developer
3 122 (21.79%) Senior
4 83 (14.82%) Senior Developer
5 78 (13.93%) Lead
6 66 (11.79%) Software Engineer
7 49 (8.75%) Senior Java Developer
8 46 (8.21%) Full-Stack Developer
9 43 (7.68%) Lead Developer
10 35 (6.25%) .NET Developer
11 33 (5.89%) C# Developer
12 31 (5.54%) Java Engineer
12 31 (5.54%) SC Cleared Java Developer
13 30 (5.36%) Lead Java Developer
14 28 (5.00%) React Developer
15 26 (4.64%) Scala Developer
16 20 (3.57%) Front-End Developer (Client-Side Developer)
16 20 (3.57%) Full-Stack Engineer
16 20 (3.57%) Java Software Engineer
17 18 (3.21%) Data Engineer
Libraries, Frameworks & Software Standards
1 136 (24.29%) Spring
2 131 (23.39%) Spring Boot
3 113 (20.18%) React
4 99 (17.68%) .NET
5 88 (15.71%) Kafka
6 80 (14.29%) HTML
7 79 (14.11%) REST
8 74 (13.21%) RESTful
9 72 (12.86%) Node.js
10 71 (12.68%) AngularJS
11 65 (11.61%) CSS
12 58 (10.36%) Swagger
13 52 (9.29%) OpenAPI
14 38 (6.79%) Web Services
15 31 (5.54%) .NET Framework
16 30 (5.36%) .NET Core
17 27 (4.82%) Hibernate
17 27 (4.82%) Vue
18 26 (4.64%) Redux
18 26 (4.64%) Spring Batch
Miscellaneous
1 38 (6.79%) Product Ownership
2 29 (5.18%) Fixed Income
3 26 (4.64%) Distributed Systems
4 25 (4.46%) Derivative
5 23 (4.11%) Algorithms
6 22 (3.93%) Public Cloud
7 20 (3.57%) Distributed Denial-of-Service
8 19 (3.39%) Cloud Native
9 17 (3.04%) Equities
10 14 (2.50%) Hedge funds
10 14 (2.50%) Management Information System
10 14 (2.50%) N-Tier
11 13 (2.32%) Foreign Exchange (FX)
12 12 (2.14%) PKI
13 11 (1.96%) Legacy Systems
13 11 (1.96%) Mobile App
14 10 (1.79%) Enterprise Software
14 10 (1.79%) Market Risk
15 9 (1.61%) Self-Motivation
16 7 (1.25%) Blockchain
Operating Systems
1 73 (13.04%) Linux
2 27 (4.82%) Red Hat Enterprise Linux
3 14 (2.50%) Unix
4 13 (2.32%) Android
5 11 (1.96%) Windows
6 10 (1.79%) Apple iOS
7 4 (0.71%) Mac OS X
8 2 (0.36%) Windows Server
9 1 (0.18%) VMS
Processes & Methodologies
1 337 (60.18%) Agile
2 258 (46.07%) CI/CD
3 201 (35.89%) Microservices
4 197 (35.18%) DevOps
5 177 (31.61%) BDD
6 174 (31.07%) Software Engineering
7 146 (26.07%) Test Automation
8 125 (22.32%) Continuous Integration
9 106 (18.93%) Scrum
10 97 (17.32%) Containerisation
11 88 (15.71%) Continuous Delivery
12 85 (15.18%) Design Patterns
13 81 (14.46%) Full-Stack Development
14 69 (12.32%) Mentoring
15 68 (12.14%) Problem-Solving
16 61 (10.89%) Clean Code
17 60 (10.71%) OO
18 57 (10.18%) Unit Testing
19 53 (9.46%) Computer Science
20 52 (9.29%) User Experience
Programming Languages
1 290 (51.79%) Java
2 181 (32.32%) SQL
3 166 (29.64%) JavaScript
4 109 (19.46%) C#
4 109 (19.46%) Python
5 100 (17.86%) TypeScript
6 37 (6.61%) Scala
7 30 (5.36%) Bash
8 27 (4.82%) Shell Script
9 25 (4.46%) PowerShell
10 21 (3.75%) Kotlin
11 18 (3.21%) C++
12 9 (1.61%) PHP
13 8 (1.43%) T-SQL
14 7 (1.25%) Go
14 7 (1.25%) Swift
15 6 (1.07%) F#
15 6 (1.07%) Groovy
16 4 (0.71%) Apex Code
16 4 (0.71%) Haskell
Qualifications
1 129 (23.04%) Security Cleared
2 120 (21.43%) SC Cleared
3 52 (9.29%) Degree
4 21 (3.75%) Computer Science Degree
5 14 (2.50%) Numerate Degree
6 8 (1.43%) Azure Certification
6 8 (1.43%) ISTQB
7 7 (1.25%) Microsoft Certification
8 5 (0.89%) BPSS Clearance
8 5 (0.89%) MCPD
8 5 (0.89%) MCSD
9 4 (0.71%) ISTQB Foundation Certification
10 3 (0.54%) ISEB
11 2 (0.36%) AWS Certification
11 2 (0.36%) SAFe Agilist
11 2 (0.36%) TOGAF Certification
12 1 (0.18%) MCAD
12 1 (0.18%) MCSE
12 1 (0.18%) OCA
12 1 (0.18%) Oracle Certification
Quality Assurance & Compliance
1 44 (7.86%) Accessibility
2 40 (7.14%) QA
3 15 (2.68%) WCAG
4 12 (2.14%) PCI DSS
5 4 (0.71%) Disclosure Scotland
6 3 (0.54%) GDPR
7 2 (0.36%) Data Quality
7 2 (0.36%) MiFID
8 1 (0.18%) HL7
8 1 (0.18%) ISO/IEC 27001
8 1 (0.18%) NIST
8 1 (0.18%) Software Quality Assurance
System Software
1 162 (28.93%) Docker
2 5 (0.89%) Postfix
3 3 (0.54%) RACF
4 2 (0.36%) Active Directory
4 2 (0.36%) Apache ZooKeeper
5 1 (0.18%) Embedded Firmware
5 1 (0.18%) Firmware
5 1 (0.18%) VMware Infrastructure
Systems Management
1 112 (20.00%) Kubernetes
2 48 (8.57%) Terraform
3 33 (5.89%) Ansible
4 16 (2.86%) Grafana
5 13 (2.32%) Prometheus
6 10 (1.79%) Kibana
7 5 (0.89%) Single Sign-On
8 4 (0.71%) Puppet
9 3 (0.54%) Packer
9 3 (0.54%) Progress Chef
10 2 (0.36%) Istio
10 2 (0.36%) vRealize
11 1 (0.18%) CloudHub
11 1 (0.18%) Kubeflow
11 1 (0.18%) PowerCLI
11 1 (0.18%) vCenter Server
Vendors
1 61 (10.89%) Microsoft
2 38 (6.79%) SAP
3 27 (4.82%) Oracle
4 12 (2.14%) Google
5 9 (1.61%) Atlassian
5 9 (1.61%) Splunk
6 8 (1.43%) Salesforce
7 6 (1.07%) Jaspersoft
7 6 (1.07%) TIBCO
8 5 (0.89%) Databricks
9 4 (0.71%) CA Agile Central
9 4 (0.71%) Dynatrace
9 4 (0.71%) Zend
10 3 (0.54%) Red Hat
10 3 (0.54%) VMware
11 2 (0.36%) Cisco
11 2 (0.36%) Dell
11 2 (0.36%) EMC
11 2 (0.36%) HP
11 2 (0.36%) IBM