Test-Driven Development (TDD)
UK

The following table provides summary statistics for contract job vacancies with a requirement for TDD skills. Included is a benchmarking guide to the contractor rates offered in vacancies that have cited TDD over the 6 months to 27 April 2024 with a comparison to the same period in the previous 2 years.

6 months to
27 Apr 2024
Same period 2023 Same period 2022
Rank 130 73 56
Rank change year-on-year -57 -17 -8
Contract jobs citing TDD 774 1,899 3,770
As % of all contract jobs advertised in the UK 1.79% 3.18% 4.24%
As % of the Processes & Methodologies category 2.07% 3.53% 4.68%
Number of daily rates quoted 515 1,421 2,800
10th Percentile £368 £450 £406
25th Percentile £458 £513 £475
Median daily rate (50th Percentile) £550 £600 £575
Median % change year-on-year -8.33% +4.35% +9.52%
75th Percentile £700 £738 £675
90th Percentile £833 £813 £750
UK excluding London median daily rate £500 £550 £500
% change year-on-year -9.09% +10.00% +11.11%
Number of hourly rates quoted 46 46 41
10th Percentile - £56.88 -
25th Percentile £61.25 £65.00 £35.00
Median hourly rate £65.00 £66.25 £65.50
Median % change year-on-year -1.89% +1.15% +31.00%
75th Percentile - £75.00 £73.75
90th Percentile - - £79.50
UK excluding London median hourly rate £65.00 £65.00 £63.62
% change year-on-year - +2.18% +41.37%

All Process and Methodology Skills
UK

TDD is in the Processes and Methodologies category. The following table is for comparison with the above and provides summary statistics for all contract job vacancies with a requirement for process or methodology skills.

Contract vacancies with a requirement for process or methodology skills 37,374 53,774 80,482
As % of all contract IT jobs advertised in the UK 86.31% 89.91% 90.60%
Number of daily rates quoted 24,095 37,304 56,474
10th Percentile £300 £325 £340
25th Percentile £413 £438 £425
Median daily rate (50th Percentile) £525 £550 £525
Median % change year-on-year -4.55% +4.76% +8.25%
75th Percentile £638 £650 £638
90th Percentile £750 £750 £738
UK excluding London median daily rate £500 £500 £475
% change year-on-year - +5.26% +9.20%
Number of hourly rates quoted 2,422 1,763 1,928
10th Percentile £12.75 £11.00 £12.50
25th Percentile £16.00 £16.25 £15.25
Median hourly rate £35.00 £37.34 £25.00
Median % change year-on-year -6.27% +49.36% -
75th Percentile £59.44 £65.00 £49.25
90th Percentile £72.50 £75.00 £63.75
UK excluding London median hourly rate £36.00 £36.00 £20.00
% change year-on-year - +80.00% -8.17%

TDD
Job Vacancy Trend

Job postings citing TDD as a proportion of all IT jobs advertised.

Job vacancy trend for TDD in the UK

TDD
Contractor Daily Rate Trend

3-month moving average daily rate quoted in jobs citing TDD.

Daily rate trend for TDD in the UK

TDD
Daily Rate Histogram

Daily rate distribution for jobs citing TDD over the 6 months to 27 April 2024.

Daily rate histogram for TDD in the UK

TDD
Contractor Hourly Rate Trend

3-month moving average hourly rates quoted in jobs citing TDD.

Hourly rate trend for TDD in the UK

TDD
Hourly Rate Histogram

Hourly rate distribution of jobs citing TDD over the 6 months to 27 April 2024.

Hourly rate histogram for TDD in the UK

TDD
Top 15 Contract Locations

The table below looks at the demand and provides a guide to the median contractor rates quoted in IT jobs citing TDD within the UK over the 6 months to 27 April 2024. The 'Rank Change' column provides an indication of the change in demand within each location based on the same 6 month period last year.

Location Rank Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Matching
Contract
IT Job Ads
Median
Daily Rate
Past 6 Months
Median Daily Rate
% Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Live
Jobs
England -50 698 £575 -8.00% 549
London -22 480 £620 -4.62% 204
UK excluding London -77 245 £500 -9.09% 358
Work from Home -68 237 £503 -16.17% 463
North of England -74 58 £550 - 113
South East -22 57 £475 -19.90% 102
East of England +4 55 £493 -15.52% 50
Scotland -18 39 £463 -15.14% 17
Yorkshire -30 27 £593 -1.25% 17
North West -53 27 £525 -4.55% 88
South West -33 24 £580 +5.45% 35
Midlands -28 12 £435 -25.64% 37
West Midlands -15 11 £450 -24.37% 21
North East -5 4 £375 -37.50% 10
East Midlands 0 1 £398 -43.21% 16

TDD
Co-occurring Skills and Capabilities by Category

The follow tables expand on the table above by listing co-occurrences grouped by category. The same employment type, locality and period is covered with up to 20 co-occurrences shown in each of the following categories:

Application Platforms
1 29 (3.75%) Confluence
2 19 (2.45%) CMS
2 19 (2.45%) nginx
3 15 (1.94%) Apache
4 9 (1.16%) Apache Spark
4 9 (1.16%) Drupal
5 7 (0.90%) OpenStack
6 6 (0.78%) SharePoint
7 5 (0.65%) SAS
8 4 (0.52%) Apache Airflow
9 3 (0.39%) Cloud Foundry
9 3 (0.39%) IIS
10 2 (0.26%) Anypoint
10 2 (0.26%) Apache Solr
10 2 (0.26%) EPiServer
10 2 (0.26%) Jadu
10 2 (0.26%) JBoss
10 2 (0.26%) Microsoft Exchange
10 2 (0.26%) NServiceBus
11 1 (0.13%) Red Hat Fuse
Applications
1 7 (0.90%) Microsoft Office
2 4 (0.52%) Chatbot
3 3 (0.39%) Microsoft Project
4 1 (0.13%) Trello
Business Applications
1 7 (0.90%) NEC Housing
2 6 (0.78%) Shopify
3 5 (0.65%) Dynamics CRM
4 1 (0.13%) Aareon QL
4 1 (0.13%) Distributed Ledger
4 1 (0.13%) Endur
4 1 (0.13%) Magento
4 1 (0.13%) MIS ActiveH
4 1 (0.13%) NetSuite
4 1 (0.13%) OPENHousing
4 1 (0.13%) Payment Gateway
4 1 (0.13%) RMDS
Cloud Services
1 253 (32.69%) AWS
2 243 (31.40%) Azure
3 114 (14.73%) Azure DevOps
4 81 (10.47%) GCP
5 75 (9.69%) Serverless
6 69 (8.91%) Azure Service Bus
7 49 (6.33%) Azure Cosmos DB
8 42 (5.43%) GitHub
9 40 (5.17%) Azure Monitor
10 30 (3.88%) AWS Lambda
11 27 (3.49%) Amazon S3
12 25 (3.23%) Azure Functions
13 24 (3.10%) Azure API Management
14 23 (2.97%) PaaS
15 21 (2.71%) Power Platform
16 19 (2.45%) AWS Elastic Beanstalk
17 18 (2.33%) Amazon EKS
17 18 (2.33%) Azure Key Vault
17 18 (2.33%) Azure Pipelines
17 18 (2.33%) Azure Storage
Communications & Networking
1 36 (4.65%) Modbus
1 36 (4.65%) RS-422
1 36 (4.65%) RS-485
2 34 (4.39%) HTTP
3 11 (1.42%) FTP
3 11 (1.42%) TCP/IP
4 6 (0.78%) Ethernet
5 5 (0.65%) Internet
5 5 (0.65%) SSH
6 4 (0.52%) SSL
7 2 (0.26%) 5G
7 2 (0.26%) DNS
7 2 (0.26%) IP Telephony
7 2 (0.26%) Unified Communications
8 1 (0.13%) DHCP
8 1 (0.13%) Firewall
8 1 (0.13%) HTTPS
8 1 (0.13%) PuTTY
8 1 (0.13%) VLAN
8 1 (0.13%) VSAN
Database & Business Intelligence
1 122 (15.76%) SQL Server
2 68 (8.79%) NoSQL
3 56 (7.24%) PostgreSQL
4 49 (6.33%) MongoDB
4 49 (6.33%) Relational Database
5 34 (4.39%) Apache Cassandra
5 34 (4.39%) Azure SQL Database
6 22 (2.84%) MySQL
7 16 (2.07%) Data Lake
8 15 (1.94%) Data Warehouse
9 13 (1.68%) Power BI
10 12 (1.55%) Amazon Aurora
11 11 (1.42%) Oracle Database
11 11 (1.42%) Redis
12 10 (1.29%) DynamoDB
13 8 (1.03%) Elasticsearch
13 8 (1.03%) KDB
14 7 (0.90%) Big Data
14 7 (0.90%) OLTP
15 6 (0.78%) Flink
Development Applications
1 168 (21.71%) Git
2 101 (13.05%) Jenkins
3 72 (9.30%) JIRA
4 51 (6.59%) JUnit
5 44 (5.68%) Cucumber
6 43 (5.56%) Postman
7 40 (5.17%) Selenium
8 36 (4.65%) Cypress.io
8 36 (4.65%) Mockito
9 34 (4.39%) TeamCity
10 30 (3.88%) Visual Studio
11 22 (2.84%) SpecFlow
12 18 (2.33%) JMeter
13 16 (2.07%) WebDriver
14 14 (1.81%) GitLab
14 14 (1.81%) SoapUI
15 12 (1.55%) NUnit
16 11 (1.42%) Gradle
17 10 (1.29%) TestNG
18 9 (1.16%) Moq
General
1 166 (21.45%) Finance
2 163 (21.06%) Social Skills
3 75 (9.69%) Public Sector
4 72 (9.30%) Front Office
5 60 (7.75%) Banking
6 44 (5.68%) Analytical Skills
7 43 (5.56%) Electronics
8 41 (5.30%) Back Office
9 23 (2.97%) Investment Banking
10 20 (2.58%) Retail
11 17 (2.20%) Marketing
12 16 (2.07%) Presentation Skills
13 13 (1.68%) Inclusion and Diversity
14 10 (1.29%) Advertising
14 10 (1.29%) Manufacturing
15 9 (1.16%) Law
15 9 (1.16%) Telecoms
16 7 (0.90%) Military
16 7 (0.90%) Tech for Good
17 6 (0.78%) Influencing Skills
Job Titles
1 461 (59.56%) Developer
2 162 (20.93%) Senior
3 120 (15.50%) Software Engineer
4 116 (14.99%) Java Developer
5 103 (13.31%) Senior Developer
6 63 (8.14%) .NET Developer
7 60 (7.75%) Lead
8 59 (7.62%) Full Stack Developer
9 49 (6.33%) C# Developer
9 49 (6.33%) Scala Developer
10 38 (4.91%) Python Developer
10 38 (4.91%) Senior Java Developer
11 35 (4.52%) Front-End Developer (Client-Side Developer)
12 33 (4.26%) C++ Software Engineer
13 29 (3.75%) Developer/Software Engineer
13 29 (3.75%) Finance Manager
14 28 (3.62%) .NET Software Developer
14 28 (3.62%) .NET Software Engineer
15 26 (3.36%) Software Asset Manager
15 26 (3.36%) Software Manager
Libraries, Frameworks & Software Standards
1 199 (25.71%) .NET
2 161 (20.80%) React
3 122 (15.76%) Spring
4 116 (14.99%) Kafka
5 115 (14.86%) REST
6 109 (14.08%) .NET Core
6 109 (14.08%) CSS
7 91 (11.76%) HTML
8 89 (11.50%) Spring Boot
9 84 (10.85%) Node.js
10 73 (9.43%) RESTful
11 67 (8.66%) Web Services
12 65 (8.40%) AngularJS
12 65 (8.40%) Redux
13 45 (5.81%) ASP.NET
14 38 (4.91%) Sass
15 37 (4.78%) .NET Framework
16 35 (4.52%) Akka
17 34 (4.39%) GraphQL
18 31 (4.01%) Laravel
Miscellaneous
1 57 (7.36%) Derivative
2 53 (6.85%) Fixed Income
3 41 (5.30%) Foreign Exchange (FX)
4 40 (5.17%) Self-Motivation
5 39 (5.04%) Product Ownership
6 34 (4.39%) Hedge funds
7 29 (3.75%) Distributed Systems
7 29 (3.75%) Equities
8 19 (2.45%) Algorithms
8 19 (2.45%) Data Structures
9 14 (1.81%) Enterprise Software
10 12 (1.55%) Cloud Native
11 11 (1.42%) Mobile App
12 10 (1.29%) Data Protection Act
13 9 (1.16%) Legacy Systems
14 8 (1.03%) Linux Command Line
14 8 (1.03%) Management Information System
14 8 (1.03%) Public Cloud
15 7 (0.90%) Greenfield Project
16 6 (0.78%) Virtual Team
Operating Systems
1 85 (10.98%) Linux
2 68 (8.79%) Unix
3 23 (2.97%) Mac OS X
4 14 (1.81%) Windows
5 9 (1.16%) Android
6 3 (0.39%) Red Hat Enterprise Linux
7 1 (0.13%) Ubuntu
Processes & Methodologies
1 526 (67.96%) Agile
2 320 (41.34%) DevOps
3 242 (31.27%) CI/CD
4 232 (29.97%) Microservices
5 213 (27.52%) BDD
5 213 (27.52%) Software Engineering
6 197 (25.45%) Continuous Integration
7 193 (24.94%) Test Automation
8 162 (20.93%) Pair Programming
9 137 (17.70%) Full Stack Development
10 134 (17.31%) Scrum
11 129 (16.67%) Unit Testing
12 114 (14.73%) Clean Code
13 91 (11.76%) OO
14 76 (9.82%) Continuous Improvement
15 73 (9.43%) Kanban
16 67 (8.66%) API Management
17 66 (8.53%) Software Testing
18 61 (7.88%) OOD
18 61 (7.88%) SDLC
Programming Languages
1 252 (32.56%) C#
2 250 (32.30%) Java
3 214 (27.65%) JavaScript
4 176 (22.74%) SQL
5 157 (20.28%) TypeScript
6 117 (15.12%) Python
7 62 (8.01%) Scala
8 57 (7.36%) C++
9 51 (6.59%) Bicep
10 49 (6.33%) PHP
11 47 (6.07%) C
12 22 (2.84%) Kotlin
13 20 (2.58%) Go
14 18 (2.33%) PowerShell
15 16 (2.07%) Shell Script
16 14 (1.81%) Ruby
17 11 (1.42%) Groovy
17 11 (1.42%) PL/SQL
18 10 (1.29%) Bash
19 6 (0.78%) Perl
Qualifications
1 88 (11.37%) Security Cleared
2 75 (9.69%) SC Cleared
3 43 (5.56%) Degree
4 18 (2.33%) Computer Science Degree
5 11 (1.42%) Master's Degree
6 10 (1.29%) ISTQB
7 9 (1.16%) ISTQB Foundation Certification
8 8 (1.03%) DV Cleared
9 4 (0.52%) CTC Cleared
10 3 (0.39%) ISEB
10 3 (0.39%) PMI Certification
10 3 (0.39%) PMP
11 2 (0.26%) Azure Certification
11 2 (0.26%) HNC
11 2 (0.26%) Microsoft Certification
11 2 (0.26%) Numerate Degree
12 1 (0.13%) BPSS Clearance
12 1 (0.13%) SANS
Quality Assurance & Compliance
1 72 (9.30%) QA
2 69 (8.91%) Accessibility
3 23 (2.97%) WCAG
4 10 (1.29%) MiFID
5 5 (0.65%) Data Quality
6 3 (0.39%) PMO
7 2 (0.26%) Disclosure Scotland
7 2 (0.26%) HL7
8 1 (0.13%) GDPR
8 1 (0.13%) ISO 20022
8 1 (0.13%) NIST
8 1 (0.13%) PCI DSS
8 1 (0.13%) SLA
System Software
1 110 (14.21%) Docker
2 48 (6.20%) Active Directory
3 4 (0.52%) zsh
4 1 (0.13%) GridGain
4 1 (0.13%) Hyper-V
4 1 (0.13%) Virtual Desktop
4 1 (0.13%) VMware NSX
Systems Management
1 131 (16.93%) Kubernetes
2 50 (6.46%) Terraform
3 38 (4.91%) Grafana
4 15 (1.94%) Prometheus
5 14 (1.81%) Ansible
6 13 (1.68%) Kibana
7 5 (0.65%) Puppet
8 3 (0.39%) Istio
8 3 (0.39%) logstash
8 3 (0.39%) Netcool
9 2 (0.26%) Progress Chef
10 1 (0.13%) Docker Swarm
10 1 (0.13%) Microsoft Intune
Vendors
1 120 (15.50%) Microsoft
2 49 (6.33%) Oracle
3 18 (2.33%) Typelevel
4 13 (1.68%) SAP
5 11 (1.42%) Google
6 10 (1.29%) Salesforce
7 8 (1.03%) Databricks
8 7 (0.90%) Atlassian
8 7 (0.90%) ION Trading
8 7 (0.90%) NEC
8 7 (0.90%) Splunk
9 5 (0.65%) Adobe
9 5 (0.65%) AppDynamics
9 5 (0.65%) Optimizely
9 5 (0.65%) Sitecore
10 4 (0.52%) New Relic
10 4 (0.52%) TIBCO
11 3 (0.39%) CA Agile Central
11 3 (0.39%) Sybase
12 2 (0.26%) MuleSoft