Unit Testing Contracts

Unit Testing
UK

The following table provides summary statistics for contract job vacancies with a requirement for Unit Testing skills. Included is a benchmarking guide to the contractor rates offered in vacancies that have cited Unit Testing over the 6 months to 27 April 2024 with a comparison to the same period in the previous 2 years.

6 months to
27 Apr 2024
Same period 2023 Same period 2022
Rank 188 172 186
Rank change year-on-year -16 +14 -26
Contract jobs citing Unit Testing 546 909 1,406
As % of all contract jobs advertised in the UK 1.26% 1.52% 1.58%
As % of the Processes & Methodologies category 1.46% 1.69% 1.75%
Number of daily rates quoted 349 640 964
10th Percentile £375 £410 £382
25th Percentile £450 £463 £456
Median daily rate (50th Percentile) £535 £575 £550
Median % change year-on-year -6.96% +4.55% +10.00%
75th Percentile £650 £658 £650
90th Percentile £688 £749 £756
UK excluding London median daily rate £525 £520 £520
% change year-on-year +0.96% - +20.65%
Number of hourly rates quoted 49 40 20
10th Percentile - £47.72 £41.25
25th Percentile £61.25 £50.42 £53.06
Median hourly rate £65.00 £65.00 £58.75
Median % change year-on-year - +10.64% +27.72%
75th Percentile - £65.94 £63.38
90th Percentile £65.35 £75.00 £67.63
UK excluding London median hourly rate £65.00 £65.00 £55.00
% change year-on-year - +18.18% +22.22%

All Process and Methodology Skills
UK

Unit Testing is in the Processes and Methodologies category. The following table is for comparison with the above and provides summary statistics for all contract job vacancies with a requirement for process or methodology skills.

Contract vacancies with a requirement for process or methodology skills 37,374 53,774 80,482
As % of all contract IT jobs advertised in the UK 86.31% 89.91% 90.60%
Number of daily rates quoted 24,095 37,304 56,474
10th Percentile £300 £325 £340
25th Percentile £413 £438 £425
Median daily rate (50th Percentile) £525 £550 £525
Median % change year-on-year -4.55% +4.76% +8.25%
75th Percentile £638 £650 £638
90th Percentile £750 £750 £738
UK excluding London median daily rate £500 £500 £475
% change year-on-year - +5.26% +9.20%
Number of hourly rates quoted 2,422 1,763 1,928
10th Percentile £12.75 £11.00 £12.50
25th Percentile £16.00 £16.25 £15.25
Median hourly rate £35.00 £37.34 £25.00
Median % change year-on-year -6.27% +49.36% -
75th Percentile £59.44 £65.00 £49.25
90th Percentile £72.50 £75.00 £63.75
UK excluding London median hourly rate £36.00 £36.00 £20.00
% change year-on-year - +80.00% -8.17%

Unit Testing
Job Vacancy Trend

Job postings citing Unit Testing as a proportion of all IT jobs advertised.

Job vacancy trend for Unit Testing in the UK

Unit Testing
Contractor Daily Rate Trend

3-month moving average daily rate quoted in jobs citing Unit Testing.

Daily rate trend for Unit Testing in the UK

Unit Testing
Daily Rate Histogram

Daily rate distribution for jobs citing Unit Testing over the 6 months to 27 April 2024.

Daily rate histogram for Unit Testing in the UK

Unit Testing
Contractor Hourly Rate Trend

3-month moving average hourly rates quoted in jobs citing Unit Testing.

Hourly rate trend for Unit Testing in the UK

Unit Testing
Hourly Rate Histogram

Hourly rate distribution of jobs citing Unit Testing over the 6 months to 27 April 2024.

Hourly rate histogram for Unit Testing in the UK

Unit Testing
Top 15 Contract Locations

The table below looks at the demand and provides a guide to the median contractor rates quoted in IT jobs citing Unit Testing within the UK over the 6 months to 27 April 2024. The 'Rank Change' column provides an indication of the change in demand within each location based on the same 6 month period last year.

Location Rank Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Matching
Contract
IT Job Ads
Median
Daily Rate
Past 6 Months
Median Daily Rate
% Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Live
Jobs
England -4 450 £540 -9.24% 252
UK excluding London +8 262 £525 +0.96% 194
London -14 215 £550 -11.29% 72
Work from Home -7 204 £500 -4.76% 125
North of England +27 64 £495 -10.00% 39
South East +29 62 £625 +19.05% 44
East of England +20 48 £575 +91.67% 29
Scotland +14 47 £486 +1.46% 17
North West +16 46 £495 -5.71% 25
South West -34 27 £650 +10.69% 27
Yorkshire +18 18 £450 -18.18% 10
Wales +19 7 £538 +2.92% 4
Midlands -1 7 £450 -14.29% 36
West Midlands +11 4 £450 -18.18% 24
East Midlands +13 3 £500 +12.99% 12

Unit Testing
Co-occurring Skills and Capabilities by Category

The follow tables expand on the table above by listing co-occurrences grouped by category. The same employment type, locality and period is covered with up to 20 co-occurrences shown in each of the following categories:

Application Platforms
1 18 (3.30%) Confluence
2 15 (2.75%) Apache
2 15 (2.75%) Apache Spark
3 13 (2.38%) Apache Airflow
4 7 (1.28%) CMS
5 4 (0.73%) ArcGIS
5 4 (0.73%) Mule
6 3 (0.55%) JBoss
6 3 (0.55%) WebLogic
6 3 (0.55%) WebSphere
7 2 (0.37%) Alfresco
7 2 (0.37%) Anypoint
7 2 (0.37%) EPiServer
7 2 (0.37%) nginx
7 2 (0.37%) SharePoint
7 2 (0.37%) Tomcat
7 2 (0.37%) Traefik
7 2 (0.37%) WildFly
8 1 (0.18%) Adobe Experience Manager
8 1 (0.18%) GeoServer
Applications
1 4 (0.73%) Microsoft Excel
2 3 (0.55%) Microsoft Office
3 1 (0.18%) Chatbot
Business Applications
1 12 (2.20%) SAP S/4HANA
2 7 (1.28%) Dynamics CRM
3 4 (0.73%) SAP EWM
3 4 (0.73%) SAP PP
4 3 (0.55%) Oracle Procure-to-Pay
4 3 (0.55%) SAP QM
4 3 (0.55%) SAP Retail
4 3 (0.55%) SAP VC
5 2 (0.37%) Advent Geneva
5 2 (0.37%) Front Arena
5 2 (0.37%) Oracle Cash Management
5 2 (0.37%) Oracle EBS
5 2 (0.37%) Oracle EBS R12
5 2 (0.37%) Oracle Financials
5 2 (0.37%) Oracle Payables
5 2 (0.37%) Oracle Receivables
5 2 (0.37%) SAP R/3
5 2 (0.37%) SAP SD
5 2 (0.37%) Shopify
6 1 (0.18%) SAP Oil and Gas
Cloud Services
1 139 (25.46%) AWS
2 109 (19.96%) Azure
3 48 (8.79%) Azure DevOps
4 47 (8.61%) Serverless
5 32 (5.86%) GCP
6 25 (4.58%) AWS Lambda
7 23 (4.21%) Azure Data Factory
8 22 (4.03%) Amazon S3
8 22 (4.03%) GitHub
9 17 (3.11%) AWS CloudFormation
9 17 (3.11%) Azure Cosmos DB
9 17 (3.11%) Azure Functions
9 17 (3.11%) dbt
9 17 (3.11%) Dynamics 365
9 17 (3.11%) Power Platform
10 16 (2.93%) GitHub Actions
11 15 (2.75%) Azure Monitor
12 14 (2.56%) Amazon CloudWatch
13 13 (2.38%) Azure Service Bus
14 12 (2.20%) OpenShift
Communications & Networking
1 36 (6.59%) Modbus
1 36 (6.59%) RS-422
1 36 (6.59%) RS-485
2 13 (2.38%) BGP
2 13 (2.38%) Ethernet VPN
2 13 (2.38%) MPLS
2 13 (2.38%) VPN
3 12 (2.20%) Radio Access Network
4 8 (1.47%) TCP/IP
5 7 (1.28%) HTTP
6 6 (1.10%) Ethernet
7 4 (0.73%) SSL
8 2 (0.37%) 5G
8 2 (0.37%) DNS
8 2 (0.37%) FTP
8 2 (0.37%) Tactical Data Link
9 1 (0.18%) HTTPS
9 1 (0.18%) Internet
9 1 (0.18%) PPP
9 1 (0.18%) SNMP
Database & Business Intelligence
1 85 (15.57%) PostgreSQL
2 61 (11.17%) NoSQL
3 49 (8.97%) SQL Server
4 40 (7.33%) Relational Database
5 30 (5.49%) Oracle Database
6 25 (4.58%) SQL Server Integration Services
7 20 (3.66%) Data Warehouse
7 20 (3.66%) Oracle Database 11g
8 19 (3.48%) MongoDB
9 14 (2.56%) Amazon Aurora
9 14 (2.56%) MySQL
10 13 (2.38%) Azure SQL Database
11 11 (2.01%) DynamoDB
12 10 (1.83%) SQL Server Reporting Services
13 9 (1.65%) Apache Cassandra
14 8 (1.47%) Amazon RDS
14 8 (1.47%) Big Data
14 8 (1.47%) Power BI
15 7 (1.28%) Hadoop
16 6 (1.10%) Amazon Redshift
Development Applications
1 128 (23.44%) Git
2 75 (13.74%) JIRA
3 33 (6.04%) Jenkins
4 32 (5.86%) JUnit
5 21 (3.85%) Cypress.io
5 21 (3.85%) GitLab
5 21 (3.85%) TeamCity
6 17 (3.11%) Android Studio
7 16 (2.93%) Mockito
8 15 (2.75%) Selenium
8 15 (2.75%) Visual Studio
9 14 (2.56%) TestRail
10 13 (2.38%) Robot Framework
11 11 (2.01%) NUnit
12 10 (1.83%) Maven
13 9 (1.65%) Octopus Deploy
13 9 (1.65%) Storybook
14 8 (1.47%) Subversion
14 8 (1.47%) Team Foundation Server
15 7 (1.28%) Rational DOORS
General
1 123 (22.53%) Social Skills
2 82 (15.02%) Finance
3 59 (10.81%) Public Sector
4 58 (10.62%) Analytical Skills
5 40 (7.33%) Electronics
6 22 (4.03%) Banking
7 14 (2.56%) Presentation Skills
8 9 (1.65%) Inclusion and Diversity
8 9 (1.65%) Retail
9 8 (1.47%) Manufacturing
9 8 (1.47%) Marketing
10 7 (1.28%) Law
10 7 (1.28%) Telecoms
11 6 (1.10%) Legal
11 6 (1.10%) Military
12 5 (0.92%) Aerospace
12 5 (0.92%) Investment Banking
12 5 (0.92%) Pharmaceutical
13 3 (0.55%) Wearables
14 2 (0.37%) Influencing Skills
Job Titles
1 318 (58.24%) Developer
2 67 (12.27%) Software Engineer
3 53 (9.71%) Full Stack Developer
4 50 (9.16%) Senior
5 42 (7.69%) Java Developer
6 41 (7.51%) Lead
7 34 (6.23%) C++ Software Engineer
8 33 (6.04%) C# Developer
9 30 (5.49%) .NET Developer
10 26 (4.76%) Senior Developer
11 21 (3.85%) Data Engineer
12 20 (3.66%) Android Developer
12 20 (3.66%) Consultant
13 19 (3.48%) Azure Developer
14 17 (3.11%) C# .NET Developer
14 17 (3.11%) Python Developer
14 17 (3.11%) Software Developer
15 16 (2.93%) Scala Developer
15 16 (2.93%) SQL Developer
15 16 (2.93%) Test Engineer
Libraries, Frameworks & Software Standards
1 99 (18.13%) React
2 92 (16.85%) REST
3 69 (12.64%) .NET
4 63 (11.54%) Spring
5 61 (11.17%) RESTful
6 55 (10.07%) AngularJS
6 55 (10.07%) HTML
7 50 (9.16%) CSS
8 49 (8.97%) Node.js
9 45 (8.24%) Spring Boot
10 41 (7.51%) Web Services
11 36 (6.59%) Hibernate
12 34 (6.23%) Kafka
13 33 (6.04%) SOAP
14 32 (5.86%) JPA
15 30 (5.49%) .NET Core
16 27 (4.95%) Jest
17 26 (4.76%) .NET Framework
18 22 (4.03%) jQuery
19 20 (3.66%) Entity Framework
Miscellaneous
1 32 (5.86%) Self-Motivation
2 22 (4.03%) Product Ownership
3 20 (3.66%) Mobile App
4 15 (2.75%) Legacy Systems
5 12 (2.20%) Distributed Systems
6 9 (1.65%) Algorithms
7 8 (1.47%) Cloud Native
7 8 (1.47%) Greenfield Project
8 7 (1.28%) Data Structures
9 6 (1.10%) iPad
9 6 (1.10%) iPhone
10 5 (0.92%) Data Protection Act
10 5 (0.92%) Hedge funds
10 5 (0.92%) Life Science
10 5 (0.92%) Management Information System
10 5 (0.92%) NHS
11 4 (0.73%) Onboarding
11 4 (0.73%) Public Cloud
11 4 (0.73%) Wiki
12 3 (0.55%) Linux Command Line
Operating Systems
1 28 (5.13%) Linux
2 25 (4.58%) Android
3 24 (4.40%) Unix
4 19 (3.48%) Windows
5 11 (2.01%) Apple iOS
6 4 (0.73%) Embedded Linux
7 2 (0.37%) CentOS
7 2 (0.37%) Red Hat Enterprise Linux
7 2 (0.37%) Ubuntu
8 1 (0.18%) AIX
8 1 (0.18%) VMS
8 1 (0.18%) Windows Server
Processes & Methodologies
1 273 (50.00%) Agile
2 198 (36.26%) DevOps
3 136 (24.91%) Software Engineering
4 131 (23.99%) CI/CD
5 129 (23.63%) TDD
6 116 (21.25%) Test Automation
7 104 (19.05%) Continuous Integration
8 92 (16.85%) Scrum
9 87 (15.93%) Microservices
10 84 (15.38%) Software Testing
11 70 (12.82%) Integration Testing
12 69 (12.64%) Full Stack Development
13 62 (11.36%) Continuous Improvement
13 62 (11.36%) Problem-Solving
14 60 (10.99%) OO
15 58 (10.62%) Pair Programming
16 52 (9.52%) Front End Development
17 47 (8.61%) Analytics
18 44 (8.06%) Mentoring
19 43 (7.88%) Customer Requirements
Programming Languages
1 165 (30.22%) SQL
2 146 (26.74%) Java
3 123 (22.53%) C#
3 123 (22.53%) Python
4 98 (17.95%) JavaScript
5 75 (13.74%) TypeScript
6 65 (11.90%) C
7 62 (11.36%) C++
8 46 (8.42%) PL/SQL
9 25 (4.58%) Kotlin
10 24 (4.40%) Scala
11 17 (3.11%) PowerShell
12 13 (2.38%) Bash
12 13 (2.38%) PHP
13 12 (2.20%) T-SQL
14 11 (2.01%) Perl
15 8 (1.47%) Bicep
15 8 (1.47%) Shell Script
15 8 (1.47%) Swift
16 7 (1.28%) Go
Qualifications
1 113 (20.70%) Security Cleared
2 96 (17.58%) SC Cleared
3 33 (6.04%) Degree
4 32 (5.86%) DV Cleared
5 16 (2.93%) Computer Science Degree
6 7 (1.28%) Master's Degree
7 3 (0.55%) CTC Cleared
8 1 (0.18%) BPSS Clearance
8 1 (0.18%) ISTQB
8 1 (0.18%) Numerate Degree
8 1 (0.18%) PMI Certification
8 1 (0.18%) PMP
Quality Assurance & Compliance
1 52 (9.52%) QA
2 26 (4.76%) Accessibility
3 9 (1.65%) Data Quality
4 8 (1.47%) GDPR
5 7 (1.28%) Disclosure Scotland
6 4 (0.73%) SLA
7 3 (0.55%) MiFID
7 3 (0.55%) NCSC
7 3 (0.55%) WCAG
8 1 (0.18%) HIPAA
8 1 (0.18%) HL7
8 1 (0.18%) PCI DSS
System Software
1 88 (16.12%) Docker
2 11 (2.01%) Active Directory
3 7 (1.28%) VMware Infrastructure
4 5 (0.92%) HDFS
5 4 (0.73%) Virtual Machines
Systems Management
1 66 (12.09%) Kubernetes
2 32 (5.86%) Terraform
3 24 (4.40%) Grafana
4 8 (1.47%) Prometheus
5 6 (1.10%) Kibana
5 6 (1.10%) Puppet
6 5 (0.92%) Ansible
6 5 (0.92%) Hadoop YARN
7 4 (0.73%) Istio
8 3 (0.55%) Progress Chef
9 2 (0.37%) Consul
9 2 (0.37%) Docker Swarm
9 2 (0.37%) Graphite
9 2 (0.37%) HAProxy
9 2 (0.37%) linkerd
9 2 (0.37%) Packer
9 2 (0.37%) Podman
9 2 (0.37%) ZABBIX
10 1 (0.18%) Active Directory Federation Services
10 1 (0.18%) BladeLogic
Vendors
1 76 (13.92%) Oracle
2 50 (9.16%) Microsoft
3 28 (5.13%) SAP
4 15 (2.75%) Avaloq
4 15 (2.75%) Google
5 12 (2.20%) OpenAI
6 8 (1.47%) VMware
7 6 (1.10%) Databricks
8 5 (0.92%) Adobe
8 5 (0.92%) Salesforce
8 5 (0.92%) Typelevel
9 4 (0.73%) Micro Focus
9 4 (0.73%) MuleSoft
10 3 (0.55%) Blue Prism
10 3 (0.55%) Citrix
10 3 (0.55%) IBM
10 3 (0.55%) JDA
10 3 (0.55%) Optimizely
10 3 (0.55%) Xamarin
11 2 (0.37%) Siemens