Unit Testing Contracts

Unit Testing
UK

The following table provides summary statistics for contract job vacancies with a requirement for Unit Testing skills. Included is a benchmarking guide to the contractor rates offered in vacancies that have cited Unit Testing over the 6 months to 5 May 2024 with a comparison to the same period in the previous 2 years.

6 months to
5 May 2024
Same period 2023 Same period 2022
Rank 186 173 184
Rank change year-on-year -13 +11 -23
Contract jobs citing Unit Testing 561 903 1,395
As % of all contract jobs advertised in the UK 1.30% 1.53% 1.57%
As % of the Processes & Methodologies category 1.51% 1.70% 1.74%
Number of daily rates quoted 358 639 946
10th Percentile £375 £406 £381
25th Percentile £450 £463 £451
Median daily rate (50th Percentile) £535 £575 £550
Median % change year-on-year -6.96% +4.55% +10.00%
75th Percentile £638 £650 £650
90th Percentile £688 £738 £750
UK excluding London median daily rate £525 £525 £513
% change year-on-year - +2.44% +16.15%
Number of hourly rates quoted 51 40 21
10th Percentile - £47.07 £36.50
25th Percentile £61.25 £50.42 £52.50
Median hourly rate £65.00 £65.00 £57.50
Median % change year-on-year - +13.04% +25.00%
75th Percentile - £69.63 £63.25
90th Percentile - £75.30 £67.50
UK excluding London median hourly rate £65.00 £65.00 £55.00
% change year-on-year - +18.18% +22.22%

All Process and Methodology Skills
UK

Unit Testing is in the Processes and Methodologies category. The following table is for comparison with the above and provides summary statistics for all contract job vacancies with a requirement for process or methodology skills.

Contract vacancies with a requirement for process or methodology skills 37,268 53,074 80,383
As % of all contract IT jobs advertised in the UK 86.35% 89.85% 90.59%
Number of daily rates quoted 24,016 36,805 56,451
10th Percentile £300 £325 £340
25th Percentile £413 £438 £425
Median daily rate (50th Percentile) £525 £550 £530
Median % change year-on-year -4.55% +3.77% +8.72%
75th Percentile £638 £650 £638
90th Percentile £750 £750 £738
UK excluding London median daily rate £500 £500 £475
% change year-on-year - +5.26% +8.57%
Number of hourly rates quoted 2,439 1,749 1,911
10th Percentile £12.75 £11.00 £12.50
25th Percentile £16.00 £16.25 £15.50
Median hourly rate £35.95 £35.80 £25.00
Median % change year-on-year +0.42% +43.20% +2.04%
75th Percentile £60.00 £65.00 £49.25
90th Percentile £72.50 £75.00 £65.00
UK excluding London median hourly rate £37.50 £35.00 £20.00
% change year-on-year +7.14% +75.00% -6.98%

Unit Testing
Job Vacancy Trend

Job postings citing Unit Testing as a proportion of all IT jobs advertised.

Job vacancy trend for Unit Testing in the UK

Unit Testing
Contractor Daily Rate Trend

3-month moving average daily rate quoted in jobs citing Unit Testing.

Daily rate trend for Unit Testing in the UK

Unit Testing
Daily Rate Histogram

Daily rate distribution for jobs citing Unit Testing over the 6 months to 5 May 2024.

Daily rate histogram for Unit Testing in the UK

Unit Testing
Contractor Hourly Rate Trend

3-month moving average hourly rates quoted in jobs citing Unit Testing.

Hourly rate trend for Unit Testing in the UK

Unit Testing
Hourly Rate Histogram

Hourly rate distribution of jobs citing Unit Testing over the 6 months to 5 May 2024.

Hourly rate histogram for Unit Testing in the UK

Unit Testing
Top 15 Contract Locations

The table below looks at the demand and provides a guide to the median contractor rates quoted in IT jobs citing Unit Testing within the UK over the 6 months to 5 May 2024. The 'Rank Change' column provides an indication of the change in demand within each location based on the same 6 month period last year.

Location Rank Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Matching
Contract
IT Job Ads
Median
Daily Rate
Past 6 Months
Median Daily Rate
% Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Live
Jobs
England -6 466 £540 -8.47% 300
UK excluding London -1 269 £525 - 221
London -2 221 £538 -10.42% 97
Work from Home +2 212 £500 -8.26% 163
North of England +31 66 £495 -10.00% 47
South East +18 64 £625 +19.05% 49
East of England +21 51 £600 +100.00% 26
North West +31 48 £495 -5.71% 23
Scotland +18 46 £485 +1.25% 25
South West -28 29 £650 +7.47% 20
Yorkshire +18 18 £550 - 17
Wales +18 7 £538 -1.78% 6
Midlands +2 6 £450 -14.29% 49
West Midlands +3 4 £450 -21.40% 28
East Midlands +12 2 £400 +11.11% 20

Unit Testing
Co-occurring Skills and Capabilities by Category

The follow tables expand on the table above by listing co-occurrences grouped by category. The same employment type, locality and period is covered with up to 20 co-occurrences shown in each of the following categories:

Application Platforms
1 18 (3.21%) Confluence
2 16 (2.85%) Apache Spark
3 15 (2.67%) Apache
4 13 (2.32%) Apache Airflow
5 7 (1.25%) CMS
6 4 (0.71%) ArcGIS
6 4 (0.71%) JBoss
6 4 (0.71%) Mule
7 3 (0.53%) SharePoint
7 3 (0.53%) WebLogic
7 3 (0.53%) WebSphere
8 2 (0.36%) Alfresco
8 2 (0.36%) Anypoint
8 2 (0.36%) nginx
8 2 (0.36%) Tomcat
8 2 (0.36%) Traefik
8 2 (0.36%) WildFly
9 1 (0.18%) Adobe Experience Manager
9 1 (0.18%) EPiServer
9 1 (0.18%) GeoServer
Applications
1 6 (1.07%) Microsoft Excel
2 3 (0.53%) Microsoft Office
3 2 (0.36%) Microsoft PowerPoint
4 1 (0.18%) Chatbot
Business Applications
1 14 (2.50%) SAP S/4HANA
2 7 (1.25%) Dynamics CRM
3 5 (0.89%) SAP EWM
4 4 (0.71%) SAP PP
4 4 (0.71%) SAP QM
5 3 (0.53%) Oracle Procure-to-Pay
5 3 (0.53%) SAP Retail
5 3 (0.53%) SAP VC
6 2 (0.36%) Advent Geneva
6 2 (0.36%) Front Arena
6 2 (0.36%) Oracle Cash Management
6 2 (0.36%) Oracle EBS
6 2 (0.36%) Oracle EBS R12
6 2 (0.36%) Oracle Financials
6 2 (0.36%) Oracle Payables
6 2 (0.36%) Oracle Receivables
6 2 (0.36%) SAP R/3
6 2 (0.36%) SAP SD
6 2 (0.36%) Shopify
7 1 (0.18%) SAP Oil and Gas
Cloud Services
1 139 (24.78%) AWS
2 115 (20.50%) Azure
3 48 (8.56%) Serverless
4 47 (8.38%) Azure DevOps
5 32 (5.70%) GCP
6 24 (4.28%) AWS Lambda
6 24 (4.28%) Azure Data Factory
6 24 (4.28%) GitHub
7 22 (3.92%) Amazon S3
8 19 (3.39%) Azure Cosmos DB
8 19 (3.39%) Azure Functions
9 17 (3.03%) dbt
9 17 (3.03%) Dynamics 365
9 17 (3.03%) Power Platform
10 16 (2.85%) AWS CloudFormation
10 16 (2.85%) Azure Monitor
10 16 (2.85%) GitHub Actions
11 14 (2.50%) Amazon CloudWatch
12 13 (2.32%) Azure Service Bus
13 12 (2.14%) Entra ID
Communications & Networking
1 36 (6.42%) Modbus
1 36 (6.42%) RS-422
1 36 (6.42%) RS-485
2 13 (2.32%) BGP
2 13 (2.32%) Ethernet VPN
2 13 (2.32%) MPLS
2 13 (2.32%) VPN
3 12 (2.14%) Radio Access Network
4 10 (1.78%) TCP/IP
5 8 (1.43%) Ethernet
6 7 (1.25%) HTTP
7 4 (0.71%) SSL
8 2 (0.36%) 5G
8 2 (0.36%) DNS
8 2 (0.36%) FTP
8 2 (0.36%) Tactical Data Link
9 1 (0.18%) HTTPS
9 1 (0.18%) Internet
9 1 (0.18%) PPP
9 1 (0.18%) SNMP
Database & Business Intelligence
1 86 (15.33%) PostgreSQL
2 64 (11.41%) NoSQL
3 53 (9.45%) SQL Server
4 42 (7.49%) Relational Database
5 30 (5.35%) Oracle Database
6 24 (4.28%) SQL Server Integration Services
7 21 (3.74%) Data Warehouse
8 20 (3.57%) MongoDB
8 20 (3.57%) Oracle Database 11g
9 16 (2.85%) Azure SQL Database
10 15 (2.67%) MySQL
11 13 (2.32%) Amazon Aurora
12 11 (1.96%) DynamoDB
13 10 (1.78%) Apache Cassandra
14 9 (1.60%) Power BI
14 9 (1.60%) SQL Server Reporting Services
15 8 (1.43%) Amazon RDS
15 8 (1.43%) Big Data
16 7 (1.25%) Hadoop
17 6 (1.07%) Amazon Redshift
Development Applications
1 133 (23.71%) Git
2 76 (13.55%) JIRA
3 36 (6.42%) JUnit
4 34 (6.06%) Jenkins
5 21 (3.74%) GitLab
6 20 (3.57%) Cypress.io
7 19 (3.39%) TeamCity
8 17 (3.03%) Mockito
9 16 (2.85%) Android Studio
9 16 (2.85%) Visual Studio
10 15 (2.67%) Selenium
11 14 (2.50%) TestRail
12 13 (2.32%) Robot Framework
13 10 (1.78%) Maven
13 10 (1.78%) NUnit
14 9 (1.60%) Eclipse
14 9 (1.60%) Storybook
15 8 (1.43%) Cucumber
15 8 (1.43%) Subversion
15 8 (1.43%) Team Foundation Server
General
1 131 (23.35%) Social Skills
2 87 (15.51%) Finance
3 62 (11.05%) Analytical Skills
4 61 (10.87%) Public Sector
5 40 (7.13%) Electronics
6 22 (3.92%) Banking
7 18 (3.21%) Presentation Skills
8 10 (1.78%) Retail
9 9 (1.60%) Inclusion and Diversity
10 8 (1.43%) Manufacturing
10 8 (1.43%) Marketing
10 8 (1.43%) Military
11 7 (1.25%) Law
11 7 (1.25%) Telecoms
12 6 (1.07%) Aerospace
12 6 (1.07%) Investment Banking
12 6 (1.07%) Legal
13 5 (0.89%) Pharmaceutical
14 3 (0.53%) Corporate Banking
14 3 (0.53%) Retail Banking
Job Titles
1 327 (58.29%) Developer
2 69 (12.30%) Software Engineer
3 58 (10.34%) Full Stack Developer
4 51 (9.09%) Senior
5 44 (7.84%) Java Developer
6 43 (7.66%) Lead
7 36 (6.42%) C++ Software Engineer
8 34 (6.06%) C# Developer
9 33 (5.88%) .NET Developer
10 27 (4.81%) Senior Developer
11 22 (3.92%) Data Engineer
12 21 (3.74%) Azure Developer
13 20 (3.57%) Android Developer
14 19 (3.39%) Test Engineer
15 18 (3.21%) Consultant
16 17 (3.03%) C# .NET Developer
16 17 (3.03%) Python Developer
16 17 (3.03%) Software Developer
17 16 (2.85%) React Developer
17 16 (2.85%) SQL Developer
Libraries, Frameworks & Software Standards
1 105 (18.72%) React
2 93 (16.58%) REST
3 73 (13.01%) .NET
4 66 (11.76%) Spring
5 62 (11.05%) RESTful
6 57 (10.16%) AngularJS
7 53 (9.45%) HTML
7 53 (9.45%) Node.js
8 51 (9.09%) CSS
9 48 (8.56%) Spring Boot
10 45 (8.02%) Web Services
11 37 (6.60%) Kafka
12 36 (6.42%) Hibernate
13 32 (5.70%) JPA
13 32 (5.70%) SOAP
14 29 (5.17%) .NET Core
15 26 (4.63%) Jest
16 25 (4.46%) .NET Framework
17 21 (3.74%) jQuery
18 19 (3.39%) GraphQL
Miscellaneous
1 33 (5.88%) Self-Motivation
2 30 (5.35%) Product Ownership
3 19 (3.39%) Mobile App
4 14 (2.50%) Legacy Systems
5 13 (2.32%) Distributed Systems
6 10 (1.78%) Algorithms
7 8 (1.43%) Cloud Native
7 8 (1.43%) Data Structures
7 8 (1.43%) Greenfield Project
8 6 (1.07%) Hedge funds
8 6 (1.07%) iPad
8 6 (1.07%) iPhone
9 5 (0.89%) Data Protection Act
9 5 (0.89%) Life Science
9 5 (0.89%) Management Information System
9 5 (0.89%) NHS
9 5 (0.89%) Renewable Energy
10 4 (0.71%) Onboarding
10 4 (0.71%) Public Cloud
10 4 (0.71%) Wiki
Operating Systems
1 31 (5.53%) Linux
2 24 (4.28%) Android
2 24 (4.28%) Unix
3 20 (3.57%) Windows
4 10 (1.78%) Apple iOS
5 4 (0.71%) Embedded Linux
6 2 (0.36%) CentOS
6 2 (0.36%) Red Hat Enterprise Linux
6 2 (0.36%) Ubuntu
7 1 (0.18%) AIX
7 1 (0.18%) VMS
7 1 (0.18%) Windows Server
Processes & Methodologies
1 289 (51.52%) Agile
2 205 (36.54%) DevOps
3 143 (25.49%) CI/CD
4 138 (24.60%) Software Engineering
5 133 (23.71%) TDD
6 129 (22.99%) Test Automation
7 104 (18.54%) Continuous Integration
8 95 (16.93%) Scrum
9 92 (16.40%) Microservices
10 88 (15.69%) Software Testing
11 74 (13.19%) Full Stack Development
12 69 (12.30%) Integration Testing
13 65 (11.59%) Problem-Solving
14 63 (11.23%) Continuous Improvement
14 63 (11.23%) OO
15 56 (9.98%) Pair Programming
16 52 (9.27%) Front End Development
17 50 (8.91%) Analytics
18 47 (8.38%) High Availability
19 44 (7.84%) Mentoring
Programming Languages
1 163 (29.06%) SQL
2 153 (27.27%) Java
3 131 (23.35%) C#
4 125 (22.28%) Python
5 99 (17.65%) JavaScript
6 81 (14.44%) TypeScript
7 68 (12.12%) C++
8 66 (11.76%) C
9 46 (8.20%) PL/SQL
10 25 (4.46%) Kotlin
11 23 (4.10%) Scala
12 17 (3.03%) PowerShell
13 13 (2.32%) Bash
13 13 (2.32%) Bicep
14 11 (1.96%) Perl
14 11 (1.96%) PHP
14 11 (1.96%) T-SQL
15 9 (1.60%) Go
16 8 (1.43%) Shell Script
16 8 (1.43%) Swift
Qualifications
1 114 (20.32%) Security Cleared
2 96 (17.11%) SC Cleared
3 37 (6.60%) Degree
4 32 (5.70%) DV Cleared
5 18 (3.21%) Computer Science Degree
6 7 (1.25%) Master's Degree
7 4 (0.71%) BPSS Clearance
8 3 (0.53%) CTC Cleared
9 1 (0.18%) ISTQB
9 1 (0.18%) Numerate Degree
9 1 (0.18%) PMI Certification
9 1 (0.18%) PMP
Quality Assurance & Compliance
1 57 (10.16%) QA
2 26 (4.63%) Accessibility
3 10 (1.78%) Data Quality
4 8 (1.43%) GDPR
5 7 (1.25%) Disclosure Scotland
6 4 (0.71%) SLA
7 3 (0.53%) MiFID
7 3 (0.53%) NCSC
7 3 (0.53%) WCAG
8 2 (0.36%) PCI DSS
9 1 (0.18%) HIPAA
9 1 (0.18%) HL7
System Software
1 91 (16.22%) Docker
2 13 (2.32%) Active Directory
3 7 (1.25%) VMware Infrastructure
4 5 (0.89%) HDFS
5 4 (0.71%) Virtual Machines
Systems Management
1 67 (11.94%) Kubernetes
2 36 (6.42%) Terraform
3 25 (4.46%) Grafana
4 8 (1.43%) Kibana
4 8 (1.43%) Prometheus
5 6 (1.07%) Puppet
6 5 (0.89%) Ansible
6 5 (0.89%) Hadoop YARN
7 4 (0.71%) Istio
8 3 (0.53%) Progress Chef
9 2 (0.36%) Consul
9 2 (0.36%) Docker Swarm
9 2 (0.36%) Graphite
9 2 (0.36%) HAProxy
9 2 (0.36%) linkerd
9 2 (0.36%) Packer
9 2 (0.36%) Podman
9 2 (0.36%) ZABBIX
10 1 (0.18%) Active Directory Federation Services
10 1 (0.18%) HP ALM
Vendors
1 74 (13.19%) Oracle
2 52 (9.27%) Microsoft
3 32 (5.70%) SAP
4 15 (2.67%) Avaloq
4 15 (2.67%) Google
5 12 (2.14%) OpenAI
6 8 (1.43%) VMware
7 6 (1.07%) Databricks
7 6 (1.07%) Salesforce
8 5 (0.89%) Adobe
8 5 (0.89%) Typelevel
9 4 (0.71%) Micro Focus
9 4 (0.71%) MuleSoft
10 3 (0.53%) Blue Prism
10 3 (0.53%) Citrix
10 3 (0.53%) IBM
10 3 (0.53%) JDA
10 3 (0.53%) Siemens
10 3 (0.53%) Splunk
10 3 (0.53%) Xamarin