CI/CD Contracts

CI/CD
UK

The table below provides summary statistics for contract job vacancies requiring CI/CD skills. It includes a benchmarking guide to the contractor rates offered in vacancies that cited CI/CD over the 6 months leading up to 25 June 2025, comparing them to the same period in the previous two years.

6 months to
25 Jun 2025
Same period 2024 Same period 2023
Rank 19 27 23
Rank change year-on-year +8 -4 -4
Contract jobs citing CI/CD 2,746 2,608 4,213
As % of all contract jobs advertised in the UK 9.10% 5.99% 7.59%
As % of the Processes & Methodologies category 10.00% 7.03% 8.47%
Number of daily rates quoted 1,904 1,807 2,995
10th Percentile £360 £400 £450
25th Percentile £425 £463 £500
Median daily rate (50th Percentile) £512 £550 £600
Median % change year-on-year -6.86% -8.33% -
75th Percentile £625 £651 £697
90th Percentile £735 £775 £788
UK excluding London median daily rate £475 £526 £550
% change year-on-year -9.61% -4.45% +4.76%
Number of hourly rates quoted 32 73 69
10th Percentile £42.70 £51.25 £53.75
25th Percentile £49.75 £62.00 £60.91
Median hourly rate £62.50 £65.00 £65.61
Median % change year-on-year -3.85% -0.92% +0.93%
75th Percentile £65.50 £70.00 £75.00
90th Percentile £88.17 £71.45 £79.60
UK excluding London median hourly rate £65.00 £67.00 £65.61
% change year-on-year -2.99% +2.13% +0.93%

All Process and Methodology Skills
UK

CI/CD falls under the Processes and Methodologies category. For comparison with the information above, the following table provides summary statistics for all contract job vacancies requiring process or methodology skills.

Contract vacancies with a requirement for process or methodology skills 27,473 37,081 49,734
As % of all contract IT jobs advertised in the UK 91.06% 85.12% 89.57%
Number of daily rates quoted 17,374 23,644 34,319
10th Percentile £300 £300 £325
25th Percentile £406 £413 £438
Median daily rate (50th Percentile) £505 £525 £550
Median % change year-on-year -3.81% -4.55% +1.85%
75th Percentile £625 £638 £650
90th Percentile £738 £750 £750
UK excluding London median daily rate £475 £500 £500
% change year-on-year -5.00% - +1.01%
Number of hourly rates quoted 1,294 2,582 1,699
10th Percentile £14.20 £12.65 £11.45
25th Percentile £17.44 £16.06 £15.83
Median hourly rate £25.15 £37.50 £35.00
Median % change year-on-year -32.93% +7.14% +34.62%
75th Percentile £54.56 £61.30 £64.50
90th Percentile £70.92 £72.50 £75.00
UK excluding London median hourly rate £24.83 £38.12 £32.50
% change year-on-year -34.86% +17.29% +54.76%

CI/CD
Job Vacancy Trend

Job postings citing CI/CD as a proportion of all IT jobs advertised.

Job vacancy trend for CI/CD in the UK

CI/CD
Contractor Daily Rate Trend

3-month moving average daily rate quoted in jobs citing CI/CD.

Daily rate trend for CI/CD in the UK

CI/CD
Daily Rate Histogram

Daily rate distribution for jobs citing CI/CD over the 6 months to 25 June 2025.

Daily rate histogram for CI/CD in the UK

CI/CD
Contractor Hourly Rate Trend

3-month moving average hourly rates quoted in jobs citing CI/CD.

Hourly rate trend for CI/CD in the UK

CI/CD
Hourly Rate Histogram

Hourly rate distribution of jobs citing CI/CD over the 6 months to 25 June 2025.

Hourly rate histogram for CI/CD in the UK

CI/CD
Top 17 Contract Locations

The table below looks at the demand and provides a guide to the median contractor rates quoted in IT jobs citing CI/CD within the UK over the 6 months to 25 June 2025. The 'Rank Change' column provides an indication of the change in demand within each location based on the same 6 month period last year.

Location Rank Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Matching
Contract
IT Job Ads
Median
Daily Rate
Past 6 Months
Median Daily Rate
% Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Live
Jobs
England +10 2,239 £515 -7.33% 4,883
London +4 1,296 £538 -6.11% 2,194
UK excluding London +14 1,035 £475 -9.61% 3,145
Work from Home +11 1,005 £519 -5.73% 3,578
North of England +7 329 £485 -7.62% 947
South East +29 199 £500 -16.67% 772
Scotland +7 178 £496 +2.69% 189
North West +9 169 £490 -14.78% 558
Midlands +57 155 £461 -5.38% 404
Yorkshire +6 141 £500 +5.26% 323
South West +3 100 £534 -9.53% 349
West Midlands +36 86 £500 -9.09% 244
East Midlands +42 69 £440 -7.47% 141
East of England +30 65 £450 -15.73% 335
North East +6 23 £423 +2.74% 66
Wales -6 16 £513 +0.84% 108
Northern Ireland - 6 £425 - 91

CI/CD
Co-occurring Skills and Capabilities by Category

The follow tables expand on the table above by listing co-occurrences grouped by category. The same employment type, locality and period is covered with up to 20 co-occurrences shown in each of the following categories:

Application Platforms
1 100 (3.64%) Apache Spark
2 94 (3.42%) Confluence
3 88 (3.20%) Apache
4 65 (2.37%) Apache Airflow
5 22 (0.80%) JBoss
6 20 (0.73%) WebSphere
7 19 (0.69%) nginx
8 15 (0.55%) OpenStack
9 14 (0.51%) Anypoint
9 14 (0.51%) WebLogic
10 13 (0.47%) SharePoint
11 11 (0.40%) Tomcat
12 10 (0.36%) Camunda
12 10 (0.36%) CMS
12 10 (0.36%) IIS
13 9 (0.33%) Mule
13 9 (0.33%) WebSphere Application Server
14 7 (0.25%) WordPress
15 6 (0.22%) Oracle Service Bus
15 6 (0.22%) Oracle SOA Suite
Applications
1 14 (0.51%) Microsoft Excel
2 6 (0.22%) MS Visio
2 6 (0.22%) Trello
3 4 (0.15%) Chatbot
4 2 (0.073%) Microsoft Project
4 2 (0.073%) Mozilla Thunderbird
4 2 (0.073%) Sketch
5 1 (0.036%) Adobe XD
5 1 (0.036%) InVision
5 1 (0.036%) MadCap Flare
5 1 (0.036%) Microsoft Office
5 1 (0.036%) Microsoft PowerPoint
5 1 (0.036%) Spreadsheet
5 1 (0.036%) Stateflow
Business Applications
1 20 (0.73%) Oracle BPM
2 14 (0.51%) FLEXCUBE
3 9 (0.33%) Payment Gateway
4 8 (0.29%) Dynamics CRM
5 6 (0.22%) Oracle EBS
6 5 (0.18%) Maximo
7 4 (0.15%) Aladdin
7 4 (0.15%) Endur
8 3 (0.11%) NEC Housing
8 3 (0.11%) NetSuite
8 3 (0.11%) Salesforce CRM
8 3 (0.11%) Shopify
9 2 (0.073%) Remedy ITSM
9 2 (0.073%) SAP HCM
9 2 (0.073%) SAP Hybris
9 2 (0.073%) SAP PM
9 2 (0.073%) SAP S/4HANA
10 1 (0.036%) Oracle Applications
10 1 (0.036%) Oracle ERP
10 1 (0.036%) Summit
Cloud Services
1 1,230 (44.79%) AWS
2 938 (34.16%) Azure
3 448 (16.31%) GitHub
4 387 (14.09%) GCP
5 353 (12.86%) Azure DevOps
6 330 (12.02%) Serverless
7 241 (8.78%) GitHub Actions
8 232 (8.45%) AWS Lambda
9 207 (7.54%) Amazon S3
10 171 (6.23%) AWS CloudFormation
11 119 (4.33%) Amazon CloudWatch
11 119 (4.33%) Amazon EC2
12 114 (4.15%) Amazon EKS
13 106 (3.86%) OpenShift
14 84 (3.06%) SaaS
15 83 (3.02%) Power Platform
16 82 (2.99%) Amazon ECS
17 81 (2.95%) Azure AKS
18 71 (2.59%) Azure Data Factory
18 71 (2.59%) PaaS
Communications & Networking
1 81 (2.95%) Firewall
2 75 (2.73%) DNS
3 48 (1.75%) VPN
4 47 (1.71%) TCP/IP
5 46 (1.68%) Network Security
6 40 (1.46%) HTTP
7 26 (0.95%) SSL
8 15 (0.55%) BGP
8 15 (0.55%) DHCP
8 15 (0.55%) HTTPS
9 14 (0.51%) SAN
10 11 (0.40%) Ethernet
10 11 (0.40%) OSPF
10 11 (0.40%) SMTP
11 9 (0.33%) NAS
12 8 (0.29%) WAN
13 7 (0.25%) VSAN
14 6 (0.22%) DMZ
14 6 (0.22%) Fibre Channel
14 6 (0.22%) FTP
Database & Business Intelligence
1 226 (8.23%) PostgreSQL
2 163 (5.94%) Relational Database
3 135 (4.92%) NoSQL
4 123 (4.48%) SQL Server
5 109 (3.97%) MongoDB
6 98 (3.57%) Amazon RDS
7 88 (3.20%) Data Warehouse
8 79 (2.88%) DynamoDB
9 74 (2.69%) MySQL
10 71 (2.59%) Big Data
11 66 (2.40%) Power BI
12 62 (2.26%) Data Lake
13 54 (1.97%) BigQuery
14 48 (1.75%) Azure SQL Database
15 47 (1.71%) Elasticsearch
16 44 (1.60%) Amazon Athena
17 43 (1.57%) Oracle Database
18 37 (1.35%) Hadoop
19 36 (1.31%) RDBMS
20 33 (1.20%) Amazon Aurora
Development Applications
1 651 (23.71%) Jenkins
2 525 (19.12%) Git
3 381 (13.87%) GitLab
4 239 (8.70%) JIRA
5 129 (4.70%) JUnit
6 125 (4.55%) Selenium
7 91 (3.31%) Cypress.io
8 78 (2.84%) Bitbucket
8 78 (2.84%) SonarQube
9 77 (2.80%) Gradle
10 75 (2.73%) Maven
11 69 (2.51%) Postman
12 68 (2.48%) Mockito
13 67 (2.44%) Cucumber
13 67 (2.44%) TeamCity
14 58 (2.11%) Artifactory
14 58 (2.11%) JMeter
15 52 (1.89%) REST Assured
16 47 (1.71%) Liquibase
17 38 (1.38%) Sonatype Nexus
General
1 718 (26.15%) Social Skills
2 568 (20.68%) Finance
3 330 (12.02%) Analytical Skills
4 290 (10.56%) Public Sector
5 218 (7.94%) Banking
6 75 (2.73%) Telecoms
7 58 (2.11%) Investment Banking
8 57 (2.08%) Marketing
8 57 (2.08%) Presentation Skills
9 49 (1.78%) Manufacturing
10 45 (1.64%) Inclusion and Diversity
11 43 (1.57%) Front Office
11 43 (1.57%) Military
12 39 (1.42%) Retail
13 38 (1.38%) Electronics
14 36 (1.31%) Financial Institution
15 33 (1.20%) Organisational Skills
16 30 (1.09%) Documentation Skills
17 17 (0.62%) Law
18 15 (0.55%) Legal
Job Titles
1 784 (28.55%) Developer
2 412 (15.00%) DevOps Engineer
3 375 (13.66%) Senior
4 284 (10.34%) Architect
5 213 (7.76%) Lead
6 196 (7.14%) Java Developer
7 181 (6.59%) AWS Engineer
8 149 (5.43%) Data Engineer
9 136 (4.95%) Software Engineer
10 132 (4.81%) Senior Developer
11 117 (4.26%) Azure Engineer
12 112 (4.08%) Cloud Engineer
13 111 (4.04%) AWS DevOps
13 111 (4.04%) Full-Stack Developer
14 99 (3.61%) AWS DevOps Engineer
15 96 (3.50%) Python Developer
16 87 (3.17%) Python Engineer
17 76 (2.77%) Solutions Architect
18 73 (2.66%) React Developer
19 66 (2.40%) Platform Engineer
Libraries, Frameworks & Software Standards
1 325 (11.84%) React
2 259 (9.43%) RESTful
3 247 (8.99%) Kafka
4 234 (8.52%) Spring
5 233 (8.49%) .NET
6 232 (8.45%) REST
7 206 (7.50%) Spring Boot
8 195 (7.10%) Node.js
9 163 (5.94%) HTML
10 162 (5.90%) CSS
11 130 (4.73%) AngularJS
12 94 (3.42%) Web Services
13 92 (3.35%) GraphQL
14 84 (3.06%) OAuth
15 79 (2.88%) JSON
16 73 (2.66%) SOAP
17 68 (2.48%) .NET Core
18 67 (2.44%) PySpark
19 63 (2.29%) Playwright
20 62 (2.26%) Elastic Stack
Miscellaneous
1 215 (7.83%) Cloud Native
2 120 (4.37%) Product Ownership
3 106 (3.86%) Distributed Systems
4 76 (2.77%) Algorithms
5 73 (2.66%) Mobile App
6 72 (2.62%) Public Cloud
7 55 (2.00%) Data Protection Act
7 55 (2.00%) Legacy Systems
8 49 (1.78%) Greenfield Project
9 45 (1.64%) Enterprise Software
10 43 (1.57%) Management Information System
10 43 (1.57%) Onboarding
11 39 (1.42%) Virtual Team
12 37 (1.35%) Foreign Exchange (FX)
13 35 (1.27%) Hybrid Cloud
14 34 (1.24%) Hedge funds
15 33 (1.20%) Data Structures
16 29 (1.06%) Data Centre
17 27 (0.98%) Derivative
18 25 (0.91%) PKI
Operating Systems
1 369 (13.44%) Linux
2 145 (5.28%) Windows
3 86 (3.13%) Android
4 81 (2.95%) Unix
5 73 (2.66%) Red Hat Enterprise Linux
6 56 (2.04%) Apple iOS
7 39 (1.42%) Windows Server
8 14 (0.51%) VMS
9 11 (0.40%) CentOS
9 11 (0.40%) Solaris
10 7 (0.25%) Rocky
10 7 (0.25%) SUSE
11 6 (0.22%) Mac OS
12 3 (0.11%) AIX
12 3 (0.11%) Ubuntu
12 3 (0.11%) Windows Server 2019
13 2 (0.073%) Amazon Linux
14 1 (0.036%) Debian
14 1 (0.036%) Windows Server 2016
14 1 (0.036%) zOS
Processes & Methodologies
1 1,496 (54.48%) DevOps
2 1,099 (40.02%) Agile
3 623 (22.69%) Infrastructure as Code
4 599 (21.81%) Problem-Solving
5 582 (21.19%) Containerisation
6 557 (20.28%) Test Automation
7 541 (19.70%) Microservices
8 409 (14.89%) Software Engineering
9 341 (12.42%) Continuous Integration
10 309 (11.25%) Scrum
11 308 (11.22%) TDD
12 246 (8.96%) Mentoring
13 245 (8.92%) Full-Stack Development
14 241 (8.78%) Migration
15 237 (8.63%) Analytics
16 219 (7.98%) Continuous Improvement
17 215 (7.83%) Artificial Intelligence
17 215 (7.83%) SDLC
18 188 (6.85%) Observability
19 177 (6.45%) Data Pipeline
Programming Languages
1 1,090 (39.69%) Python
2 725 (26.40%) Java
3 557 (20.28%) SQL
4 455 (16.57%) JavaScript
5 308 (11.22%) TypeScript
6 297 (10.82%) C#
7 294 (10.71%) Bash
8 196 (7.14%) PowerShell
9 127 (4.62%) Go
10 89 (3.24%) C++
11 77 (2.80%) Shell Script
12 70 (2.55%) Kotlin
13 60 (2.18%) Scala
14 51 (1.86%) Bicep
15 45 (1.64%) PL/SQL
16 38 (1.38%) Perl
17 36 (1.31%) Groovy
18 32 (1.17%) PHP
19 31 (1.13%) Ruby
20 30 (1.09%) Rust
Qualifications
1 517 (18.83%) Security Cleared
2 435 (15.84%) SC Cleared
3 188 (6.85%) Degree
4 103 (3.75%) AWS Certification
5 95 (3.46%) Computer Science Degree
6 63 (2.29%) Azure Certification
7 49 (1.78%) DV Cleared
8 39 (1.42%) AWS Certified Solutions Architect
9 31 (1.13%) BPSS Clearance
10 27 (0.98%) Master's Degree
11 25 (0.91%) ISTQB
12 22 (0.80%) Microsoft Certification
13 17 (0.62%) AWS Certified DevOps Engineer
13 17 (0.62%) Cisco Certification
13 17 (0.62%) CREST Certified
14 16 (0.58%) CISSP
15 13 (0.47%) OSCP
16 12 (0.44%) OCP
16 12 (0.44%) Oracle Certification
16 12 (0.44%) Tigerscheme
Quality Assurance & Compliance
1 235 (8.56%) QA
2 114 (4.15%) Accessibility
3 79 (2.88%) Data Quality
4 76 (2.77%) GDPR
5 34 (1.24%) ISO/IEC 27001
6 29 (1.06%) PCI DSS
7 27 (0.98%) HIPAA
8 25 (0.91%) NIST
9 24 (0.87%) WCAG
10 21 (0.76%) NCSC
11 10 (0.36%) SOC 2
12 9 (0.33%) Disclosure Scotland
12 9 (0.33%) Sarbanes-Oxley
12 9 (0.33%) SLA
13 8 (0.29%) Cyber Essentials
13 8 (0.29%) Cyber Essentials PLUS
13 8 (0.29%) Software Quality Assurance
14 7 (0.25%) SEPA
15 5 (0.18%) Actionable Recommendations
16 4 (0.15%) HL7
System Software
1 782 (28.48%) Docker
2 63 (2.29%) Active Directory
3 34 (1.24%) VMware Infrastructure
4 32 (1.17%) Virtual Machines
5 23 (0.84%) vSphere
6 12 (0.44%) VMware ESXi
7 8 (0.29%) VMware NSX
8 7 (0.25%) Apache ZooKeeper
9 6 (0.22%) Veritas Cluster Server
9 6 (0.22%) Virtual Desktop
10 5 (0.18%) Hyper-V
10 5 (0.18%) NFS
11 4 (0.15%) Ceph
12 3 (0.11%) Firmware
12 3 (0.11%) LXC
12 3 (0.11%) OpenAM
12 3 (0.11%) OpenDJ
12 3 (0.11%) OpenIDM
13 2 (0.073%) Postfix
13 2 (0.073%) Veritas Volume Manager
Systems Management
1 913 (33.25%) Kubernetes
2 808 (29.42%) Terraform
3 383 (13.95%) Ansible
4 170 (6.19%) Grafana
5 139 (5.06%) Prometheus
6 77 (2.80%) Puppet
7 65 (2.37%) Progress Chef
8 48 (1.75%) Argo
9 40 (1.46%) Kibana
10 28 (1.02%) Single Sign-On
11 20 (0.73%) Istio
12 18 (0.66%) Packer
13 17 (0.62%) Podman
14 13 (0.47%) Microsoft Intune
14 13 (0.47%) Nmap
15 12 (0.44%) Consul
15 12 (0.44%) Kustomize
15 12 (0.44%) logstash
16 10 (0.36%) CloudHub
16 10 (0.36%) QRadar
Vendors
1 267 (9.72%) Microsoft
2 167 (6.08%) Oracle
3 143 (5.21%) Google
4 129 (4.70%) Splunk
5 106 (3.86%) Databricks
6 73 (2.66%) SAP
7 68 (2.48%) Red Hat
8 64 (2.33%) Salesforce
9 60 (2.18%) ServiceNow
10 50 (1.82%) VMware
11 44 (1.60%) IBM
12 40 (1.46%) Dynatrace
13 32 (1.17%) MuleSoft
14 31 (1.13%) AppDynamics
15 29 (1.06%) Cisco
16 19 (0.69%) Veracode
17 17 (0.62%) Atlassian
18 16 (0.58%) Dell
19 14 (0.51%) Fortinet
20 13 (0.47%) Qualys