SQL (Structured Query Language)
UK

The following table provides summary statistics for contract job vacancies with a requirement for SQL skills. Included is a benchmarking guide to the contractor rates offered in vacancies that have cited SQL over the 6 months to 15 May 2024 with a comparison to the same period in the previous 2 years.

6 months to
15 May 2024
Same period 2023 Same period 2022
Rank 13 12 10
Rank change year-on-year -1 -2 -2
Contract jobs citing SQL 4,199 6,634 10,754
As % of all contract jobs advertised in the UK 9.87% 11.62% 12.30%
As % of the Programming Languages category 33.09% 33.49% 33.95%
Number of daily rates quoted 3,044 4,787 7,762
10th Percentile £356 £363 £363
25th Percentile £425 £425 £431
Median daily rate (50th Percentile) £538 £538 £525
Median % change year-on-year - +2.38% +7.69%
75th Percentile £638 £650 £638
90th Percentile £750 £750 £744
UK excluding London median daily rate £475 £485 £465
% change year-on-year -2.06% +4.30% +9.41%
Number of hourly rates quoted 62 89 147
10th Percentile £22.88 £20.20 £16.25
25th Percentile £31.65 £26.48 £20.75
Median hourly rate £44.25 £51.00 £35.00
Median % change year-on-year -13.24% +45.71% +29.63%
75th Percentile £58.24 £70.25 £53.88
90th Percentile £63.00 £85.00 £64.25
UK excluding London median hourly rate £42.50 £40.59 £26.98
% change year-on-year +4.71% +50.44% +12.42%

All Programming Languages
UK

SQL is in the Programming Languages category. The following table is for comparison with the above and provides summary statistics for all contract job vacancies with a requirement for coding skills.

Contract vacancies with a requirement for coding skills 12,689 19,807 31,680
As % of all contract IT jobs advertised in the UK 29.82% 34.69% 36.23%
Number of daily rates quoted 9,016 14,288 23,102
10th Percentile £350 £392 £385
25th Percentile £425 £463 £455
Median daily rate (50th Percentile) £533 £550 £550
Median % change year-on-year -3.09% - +10.00%
75th Percentile £650 £675 £653
90th Percentile £763 £785 £750
UK excluding London median daily rate £489 £500 £490
% change year-on-year -2.20% +2.04% +15.29%
Number of hourly rates quoted 491 450 512
10th Percentile £32.25 £26.24 £19.56
25th Percentile £46.25 £50.00 £35.00
Median hourly rate £62.50 £62.50 £50.10
Median % change year-on-year - +24.75% +16.95%
75th Percentile £70.00 £70.00 £60.00
90th Percentile £78.75 £78.00 £74.30
UK excluding London median hourly rate £62.50 £62.50 £50.00
% change year-on-year - +25.00% +24.05%

SQL
Job Vacancy Trend

Job postings citing SQL as a proportion of all IT jobs advertised.

Job vacancy trend for SQL in the UK

SQL
Contractor Daily Rate Trend

3-month moving average daily rate quoted in jobs citing SQL.

Daily rate trend for SQL in the UK

SQL
Daily Rate Histogram

Daily rate distribution for jobs citing SQL over the 6 months to 15 May 2024.

Daily rate histogram for SQL in the UK

SQL
Contractor Hourly Rate Trend

3-month moving average hourly rates quoted in jobs citing SQL.

Hourly rate trend for SQL in the UK

SQL
Hourly Rate Histogram

Hourly rate distribution of jobs citing SQL over the 6 months to 15 May 2024.

Hourly rate histogram for SQL in the UK

SQL
Top 17 Contract Locations

The table below looks at the demand and provides a guide to the median contractor rates quoted in IT jobs citing SQL within the UK over the 6 months to 15 May 2024. The 'Rank Change' column provides an indication of the change in demand within each location based on the same 6 month period last year.

Location Rank Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Matching
Contract
IT Job Ads
Median
Daily Rate
Past 6 Months
Median Daily Rate
% Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Live
Jobs
England -1 3,616 £550 - 2,635
London +1 2,284 £575 -0.86% 1,136
Work from Home +3 1,716 £538 +4.37% 1,480
UK excluding London -6 1,469 £475 -2.06% 1,599
North of England -3 398 £475 -1.45% 416
South East -8 353 £475 -7.32% 314
North West -3 239 £475 - 227
Midlands -5 226 £405 -10.00% 360
Scotland 0 215 £466 -1.84% 96
South West -13 158 £538 +7.50% 206
West Midlands -5 153 £425 -15.00% 225
Yorkshire -4 127 £485 -3.00% 148
East of England -23 77 £450 +5.88% 147
East Midlands -1 72 £394 -1.56% 135
Wales +12 34 £425 -22.02% 52
North East +14 32 £475 -5.00% 46
Northern Ireland -5 13 £400 -11.11% 27

SQL
Co-occurring Skills and Capabilities by Category

The follow tables expand on the table above by listing co-occurrences grouped by category. The same employment type, locality and period is covered with up to 20 co-occurrences shown in each of the following categories:

Application Platforms
1 131 (3.12%) Apache
2 119 (2.83%) Apache Spark
3 114 (2.71%) Apache Airflow
4 82 (1.95%) SharePoint
5 81 (1.93%) Confluence
6 70 (1.67%) SAS
7 59 (1.41%) Microsoft Exchange
8 41 (0.98%) IIS
9 18 (0.43%) Oracle Workflow
10 14 (0.33%) BizTalk Server
11 13 (0.31%) CMS
11 13 (0.31%) OpenStack
12 12 (0.29%) MTS
13 10 (0.24%) nginx
14 8 (0.19%) SharePoint Server
14 8 (0.19%) Tomcat
14 8 (0.19%) WebSphere
15 7 (0.17%) JBoss
15 7 (0.17%) SharePoint 2010
15 7 (0.17%) WebLogic
Applications
1 190 (4.52%) Microsoft Excel
2 121 (2.88%) Chatbot
3 53 (1.26%) MS Visio
4 41 (0.98%) Microsoft Office
5 27 (0.64%) Microsoft PowerPoint
6 23 (0.55%) Spreadsheet
7 11 (0.26%) SPSS
8 8 (0.19%) CATIA
9 6 (0.14%) Microsoft Project
10 3 (0.071%) Trello
11 2 (0.048%) FileZilla
11 2 (0.048%) Mingle
Business Applications
1 44 (1.05%) Endur
2 29 (0.69%) Dynamics CRM
3 25 (0.60%) Aladdin
4 23 (0.55%) Oracle EBS
5 21 (0.50%) NEC Housing
6 19 (0.45%) Teamcenter
7 17 (0.40%) Dynamics GP
8 15 (0.36%) Oracle Payables
9 14 (0.33%) Oracle EBS R12
10 13 (0.31%) Elite 3E
10 13 (0.31%) Oracle Receivables
10 13 (0.31%) SAP S/4HANA
11 12 (0.29%) EuroRunner
11 12 (0.29%) SimCorp Dimension
12 11 (0.26%) Aligne
12 11 (0.26%) Oracle Financials
13 10 (0.24%) Oracle Assets
14 9 (0.21%) Adobe Campaign
14 9 (0.21%) Oracle General Ledger
14 9 (0.21%) Salesforce CRM
Cloud Services
1 1,156 (27.53%) Azure
2 785 (18.69%) AWS
3 601 (14.31%) Power Platform
4 265 (6.31%) Azure DevOps
5 238 (5.67%) Serverless
6 216 (5.14%) GCP
7 215 (5.12%) Azure Data Factory
8 149 (3.55%) GitHub
9 141 (3.36%) AWS Lambda
10 127 (3.02%) Amazon S3
11 124 (2.95%) Snowflake
12 109 (2.60%) Azure Synapse Analytics
13 81 (1.93%) PowerApps
14 78 (1.86%) Power Automate
15 77 (1.83%) Azure Logic Apps
16 76 (1.81%) Azure Cosmos DB
16 76 (1.81%) PaaS
17 75 (1.79%) Azure Service Bus
18 72 (1.71%) Microsoft 365
19 67 (1.60%) Azure Functions
Communications & Networking
1 50 (1.19%) Firewall
2 42 (1.00%) DNS
3 36 (0.86%) DHCP
4 34 (0.81%) Internet
5 30 (0.71%) VPN
6 21 (0.50%) TCP/IP
7 19 (0.45%) SAN
7 19 (0.45%) Wi-Fi
8 17 (0.40%) BGP
9 15 (0.36%) HTTP
9 15 (0.36%) MPLS
9 15 (0.36%) Network Security
10 14 (0.33%) WAN
11 13 (0.31%) FTP
12 12 (0.29%) LAN
13 11 (0.26%) Ethernet VPN
13 11 (0.26%) FIX Connectivity
13 11 (0.26%) Radio Access Network
14 10 (0.24%) Fibre Channel
15 9 (0.21%) Skype
Database & Business Intelligence
1 731 (17.41%) SQL Server
2 560 (13.34%) Power BI
3 422 (10.05%) Data Warehouse
4 314 (7.48%) NoSQL
5 264 (6.29%) Relational Database
6 257 (6.12%) PostgreSQL
7 212 (5.05%) Tableau
8 195 (4.64%) Oracle Database
9 191 (4.55%) Data Lake
10 189 (4.50%) SQL Server Integration Services
11 181 (4.31%) Azure SQL Database
12 180 (4.29%) Big Data
13 136 (3.24%) SQL Server Reporting Services
14 132 (3.14%) MySQL
15 106 (2.52%) MongoDB
16 94 (2.24%) Amazon Redshift
17 91 (2.17%) Amazon RDS
18 89 (2.12%) BigQuery
19 79 (1.88%) Metadata
20 68 (1.62%) Oracle Reports
Development Applications
1 298 (7.10%) Git
2 260 (6.19%) JIRA
3 136 (3.24%) Jenkins
4 83 (1.98%) TeamCity
5 69 (1.64%) Visual Studio
6 65 (1.55%) GitLab
7 53 (1.26%) Cucumber
8 49 (1.17%) Selenium
9 44 (1.05%) Postman
10 43 (1.02%) JUnit
11 41 (0.98%) SQL Server Management Studio (SSMS)
12 34 (0.81%) Cypress.io
13 33 (0.79%) Oracle APEX
14 27 (0.64%) Maven
15 26 (0.62%) NUnit
16 24 (0.57%) SpecFlow
17 22 (0.52%) Team Foundation Server
18 19 (0.45%) Artifactory
18 19 (0.45%) Bitbucket
18 19 (0.45%) TestRail
General
1 1,030 (24.53%) Finance
2 912 (21.72%) Social Skills
3 574 (13.67%) Analytical Skills
4 428 (10.19%) Banking
5 282 (6.72%) Public Sector
6 268 (6.38%) Front Office
7 126 (3.00%) Investment Banking
8 115 (2.74%) Retail
9 111 (2.64%) Marketing
10 100 (2.38%) Back Office
11 78 (1.86%) Presentation Skills
12 70 (1.67%) Inclusion and Diversity
12 70 (1.67%) Telecoms
13 65 (1.55%) Manufacturing
14 47 (1.12%) Financial Institution
15 40 (0.95%) Legal
16 37 (0.88%) Local Government
16 37 (0.88%) Pharmaceutical
17 30 (0.71%) Billing
17 30 (0.71%) Publishing
Job Titles
1 1,412 (33.63%) Developer
2 618 (14.72%) Analyst
3 439 (10.45%) Data Engineer
4 438 (10.43%) Senior
5 254 (6.05%) Data Analyst
6 246 (5.86%) Architect
7 195 (4.64%) Business Analyst
8 193 (4.60%) Software Developer
9 168 (4.00%) SQL Developer
10 166 (3.95%) Lead
11 165 (3.93%) Consultant
12 162 (3.86%) C# Developer
13 152 (3.62%) Azure Engineer
14 148 (3.52%) DBA
15 140 (3.33%) .NET Developer
16 132 (3.14%) Java Developer
17 130 (3.10%) Senior Developer
18 112 (2.67%) Full Stack Developer
19 111 (2.64%) Business Intelligence Developer
19 111 (2.64%) Python Developer
Libraries, Frameworks & Software Standards
1 505 (12.03%) .NET
2 353 (8.41%) HTML
3 221 (5.26%) REST
4 209 (4.98%) React
5 191 (4.55%) XML
6 161 (3.83%) CSS
7 159 (3.79%) Kafka
8 146 (3.48%) Spring
9 144 (3.43%) AngularJS
10 143 (3.41%) JSON
10 143 (3.41%) RESTful
11 118 (2.81%) SOAP
11 118 (2.81%) Web Services
12 112 (2.67%) PySpark
13 107 (2.55%) .NET Core
14 106 (2.52%) Spring Boot
15 101 (2.41%) .NET Framework
16 91 (2.17%) Node.js
17 77 (1.83%) ASP.NET
18 63 (1.50%) LDAP
Miscellaneous
1 150 (3.57%) Derivative
2 130 (3.10%) Product Ownership
3 115 (2.74%) Hedge funds
4 99 (2.36%) Fixed Income
4 99 (2.36%) Management Information System
5 95 (2.26%) Equities
6 85 (2.02%) Onboarding
7 71 (1.69%) Legacy Systems
8 69 (1.64%) Algorithms
8 69 (1.64%) Self-Motivation
9 68 (1.62%) Data Structures
10 65 (1.55%) Replication
11 62 (1.48%) Cloud Native
11 62 (1.48%) Foreign Exchange (FX)
12 61 (1.45%) Enterprise Software
13 57 (1.36%) Data Protection Act
14 56 (1.33%) Greenfield Project
15 48 (1.14%) Distributed Systems
16 45 (1.07%) Public Cloud
17 42 (1.00%) Data Centre
Operating Systems
1 370 (8.81%) Windows
2 261 (6.22%) Linux
3 225 (5.36%) Unix
4 140 (3.33%) Windows Server
5 45 (1.07%) Windows Server 2012
6 35 (0.83%) VMS
7 34 (0.81%) Red Hat Enterprise Linux
8 31 (0.74%) Windows 10
8 31 (0.74%) Windows Server 2016
9 25 (0.60%) Windows Server 2019
10 17 (0.40%) Apple iOS
11 15 (0.36%) Windows 7
12 14 (0.33%) CentOS
13 12 (0.29%) Solaris
14 11 (0.26%) Windows Server 2008
15 9 (0.21%) AIX
16 8 (0.19%) Android
17 7 (0.17%) OpenVMS
18 5 (0.12%) Ubuntu
19 4 (0.095%) Embedded Linux
Processes & Methodologies
1 983 (23.41%) Agile
2 745 (17.74%) Business Intelligence
3 638 (15.19%) DevOps
4 629 (14.98%) Data Modelling
5 583 (13.88%) Analytics
6 551 (13.12%) ETL
7 550 (13.10%) Problem-Solving
8 464 (11.05%) CI/CD
9 463 (11.03%) Software Engineering
10 444 (10.57%) Migration
11 329 (7.84%) Data Analysis
12 309 (7.36%) Visualisation
13 294 (7.00%) Scrum
14 271 (6.45%) Computer Science
15 270 (6.43%) Data Pipeline
16 264 (6.29%) Artificial Intelligence
17 252 (6.00%) Test Automation
18 243 (5.79%) Data Engineering
19 240 (5.72%) Microservices
20 216 (5.14%) Full Stack Development
Programming Languages
1 1,312 (31.25%) Python
2 782 (18.62%) C#
3 584 (13.91%) Java
4 505 (12.03%) JavaScript
5 321 (7.64%) PL/SQL
6 269 (6.41%) PowerShell
7 238 (5.67%) T-SQL
8 159 (3.79%) TypeScript
9 92 (2.19%) R
10 87 (2.07%) C++
11 80 (1.91%) Bash
12 78 (1.86%) Shell Script
13 75 (1.79%) Scala
14 70 (1.67%) Data Analysis Expressions
15 66 (1.57%) VBA
16 56 (1.33%) C
17 54 (1.29%) Go
18 51 (1.21%) Perl
19 50 (1.19%) VB
20 40 (0.95%) PHP
Qualifications
1 548 (13.05%) Degree
2 450 (10.72%) Security Cleared
3 350 (8.34%) SC Cleared
4 141 (3.36%) Computer Science Degree
5 81 (1.93%) DV Cleared
6 65 (1.55%) Master's Degree
7 54 (1.29%) Microsoft Certification
8 48 (1.14%) Azure Certification
9 35 (0.83%) BPSS Clearance
10 31 (0.74%) MCSE
11 22 (0.52%) PhD
12 21 (0.50%) ISTQB
13 19 (0.45%) MCSA
13 19 (0.45%) VMware Certified Professional (VCP)
14 17 (0.40%) CISSP
15 14 (0.33%) AWS Certification
16 13 (0.31%) ISEB
17 10 (0.24%) Numerate Degree
18 9 (0.21%) ISTQB Foundation Certification
18 9 (0.21%) PMP
Quality Assurance & Compliance
1 252 (6.00%) Data Quality
2 231 (5.50%) QA
3 43 (1.02%) Accessibility
4 38 (0.90%) SLA
5 36 (0.86%) GDPR
6 35 (0.83%) MiFID
7 25 (0.60%) EMIR
7 25 (0.60%) PCI DSS
8 21 (0.50%) Dodd-Frank
9 15 (0.36%) HL7
10 13 (0.31%) Sarbanes-Oxley
11 12 (0.29%) GxP
12 10 (0.24%) WCAG
13 9 (0.21%) IFRS
13 9 (0.21%) PMO
14 8 (0.19%) CDISC
14 8 (0.19%) ISO 20022
15 7 (0.17%) GRC
15 7 (0.17%) ISO/IEC 27001
16 6 (0.14%) California Consumer Privacy Act
System Software
1 244 (5.81%) Docker
2 223 (5.31%) Active Directory
3 58 (1.38%) VMware Infrastructure
4 57 (1.36%) Virtual Machines
5 40 (0.95%) IAG
6 37 (0.88%) ACF2
6 37 (0.88%) RACF
7 12 (0.29%) vSphere
8 9 (0.21%) Virtual Servers
9 6 (0.14%) HDFS
9 6 (0.14%) Hyper-V
9 6 (0.14%) Virtual Desktop
10 5 (0.12%) NFS
10 5 (0.12%) Veritas Cluster Server
10 5 (0.12%) VMware ESXi
11 4 (0.095%) GPFS
11 4 (0.095%) Microsoft Virtual Server
11 4 (0.095%) VirtualBox
11 4 (0.095%) VMware NSX
12 3 (0.071%) Oracle RAC
Systems Management
1 229 (5.45%) Kubernetes
2 172 (4.10%) Terraform
3 85 (2.02%) Ansible
4 68 (1.62%) Grafana
5 33 (0.79%) Prometheus
6 28 (0.67%) Single Sign-On
7 19 (0.45%) ITRS Geneos
8 14 (0.33%) SCCM
8 14 (0.33%) SCOM
9 12 (0.29%) Kibana
9 12 (0.29%) PingFederate
10 11 (0.26%) Microsoft Clustering
10 11 (0.26%) Progress Chef
11 9 (0.21%) BladeLogic
11 9 (0.21%) Control-M
11 9 (0.21%) Data Guard
11 9 (0.21%) Microsoft Intune
12 8 (0.19%) Docker Swarm
12 8 (0.19%) WSUS
13 7 (0.17%) Podman
Vendors
1 719 (17.12%) Oracle
2 659 (15.69%) Microsoft
3 246 (5.86%) Databricks
4 160 (3.81%) SAP
5 133 (3.17%) Google
6 121 (2.88%) PayPal
7 91 (2.17%) ServiceNow
8 84 (2.00%) VMware
9 78 (1.86%) Salesforce
10 63 (1.50%) Splunk
11 61 (1.45%) Informatica
12 54 (1.29%) IBM
13 51 (1.21%) Sybase
14 41 (0.98%) Citrix
15 35 (0.83%) Bloomberg
16 33 (0.79%) CyberArk
17 28 (0.67%) Alteryx
17 28 (0.67%) Cisco
18 27 (0.64%) Dynatrace
19 26 (0.62%) Avaloq