Job Vacancy Trend Salary Trend Salary Histogram Job Locations Skill Sets
Period
to 12 April 2021

The table below looks at the prevalence of the term PKI in permanent job vacancies. Included is a benchmarking guide to the salaries offered in vacancies that have cited PKI over the 6 months to 12 April 2021 with a comparison to the same period over the previous 2 years.

Public-Key Infrastructure (PKI)
UK
6 months to
12 Apr 2021		 Same period 2020 Same period 2019
Rank 583 646 675
Rank change year-on-year +63 +29 +86
Permanent jobs citing PKI 269 379 481
As % of all permanent jobs advertised in the UK 0.33% 0.33% 0.32%
As % of the Miscellaneous category 0.82% 0.87% 0.82%
Number of salaries quoted 176 281 381
10th Percentile £40,000 £37,500 £40,000
25th Percentile £45,000 £46,250 £45,000
Median annual salary (50th Percentile) £62,500 £67,500 £55,000
Median % change year-on-year -7.41% +22.73% +4.76%
75th Percentile £78,750 £85,000 £76,250
90th Percentile £88,125 £95,000 £90,000
UK excluding London median annual salary £50,000 £52,500 £50,000
% change year-on-year -4.76% +5.00% +11.11%

PKI is in the Generic IT Skills category. The following table is for comparison with the above and provides summary statistics for all permanent job vacancies with a requirement for generic IT skills.

All Generic IT Skills
UK
Permanent vacancies with a requirement for generic IT skills 32,608 43,803 58,696
As % of all permanent IT jobs advertised in the UK 39.51% 38.59% 39.42%
Number of salaries quoted 23,207 34,115 44,835
10th Percentile £32,500 £30,750 £29,250
25th Percentile £41,250 £39,750 £37,500
Median annual salary (50th Percentile) £55,000 £55,000 £52,500
Median % change year-on-year - +4.76% +5.00%
75th Percentile £75,000 £75,000 £71,655
90th Percentile £95,000 £93,750 £87,500
UK excluding London median annual salary £47,500 £47,500 £45,000
% change year-on-year - +5.56% -

PKI
Job Vacancy Trend

Job postings citing PKI as a proportion of all IT jobs advertised.

Job vacancy trend for PKI in the UK

PKI
Salary Trend

3-month moving average salary quoted in jobs citing PKI.

Salary trend for PKI in the UK

PKI
Salary Histogram

Salary distribution for jobs citing PKI over the 6 months to 12 April 2021.

Salary histogram for PKI in the UK

PKI
Top 16 Job Locations

The table below looks at the demand and provides a guide to the median salaries quoted in IT jobs citing PKI within the UK over the 6 months to 12 April 2021. The 'Rank Change' column provides an indication of the change in demand within each location based on the same 6 month period last year.

Location Rank Change
on Same Period
Last Year		 Matching
Permanent
IT Job Ads		 Median Salary
Past 6 Months		 Median Salary
% Change
on Same Period
Last Year		 Live
Job
Vacancies
England +18 220 £62,500 -10.71% 57
UK excluding London +19 125 £50,000 -4.76% 51
London +76 100 £77,500 -3.13% 14
Work from Home -64 81 £75,000 -6.25% 8
South East +47 52 £62,000 +7.83% 15
South West +1 28 £55,000 +35.80% 9
Midlands +20 18 £50,000 - 7
North of England +33 15 £48,250 +20.63% 8
North West +31 12 £44,500 -33.59% 1
West Midlands +13 12 £50,000 - 5
Wales +34 9 £47,500 +18.01% 2
Scotland 0 7 £31,250 -40.48% 6
East Midlands +29 6 £45,000 - 2
East of England +47 2 £51,000 +7.37% 4
Yorkshire +14 2 £57,500 +27.78% 6
North East +10 1 £50,000 +42.86% 1

For the 6 months to 12 April 2021, IT jobs citing PKI also mentioned the following skills in order of popularity. The figures indicate the absolute number co-occurrences and as a proportion of all permanent job ads with a requirement for PKI.

1 135 (50.19%) Microsoft
2 107 (39.78%) Active Directory
3 102 (37.92%) Windows
4 97 (36.06%) Azure
5 90 (33.46%) Linux
6 67 (24.91%) PowerShell
7 61 (22.68%) Firewall
8 60 (22.30%) DevOps
9 54 (20.07%) Docker
10 53 (19.70%) VMware
11 52 (19.33%) DNS
12 51 (18.96%) Security Cleared
13 47 (17.47%) AWS
14 46 (17.10%) DevSecOps
15 45 (16.73%) Gemalto
16 44 (16.36%) Cybersecurity
17 42 (15.61%) Azure Active Directory
17 42 (15.61%) Information Security
18 41 (15.24%) Kubernetes
19 39 (14.50%) VMware Infrastructure
19 39 (14.50%) Python
20 37 (13.75%) Infrastructure as Code
21 36 (13.38%) Agile Software Development
22 35 (13.01%) Unix
22 35 (13.01%) Microsoft 365
22 35 (13.01%) Windows Server
23 34 (12.64%) TCP/IP
24 33 (12.27%) SQL
25 31 (11.52%) SIEM
25 31 (11.52%) Identity Access Management

PKI
Co-occurring IT Skills by Category

The follow tables expand on the table above by listing co-occurrences grouped by category. The same job type, locality and period is covered with up to 20 co-occurrences shown in each of the following categories:

Application Platforms
1 11 (4.09%) IIS
2 9 (3.35%) Confluence
3 8 (2.97%) MS Exchange
4 7 (2.60%) SharePoint
5 4 (1.49%) Apache
6 3 (1.12%) Elasticsearch
6 3 (1.12%) JBoss
6 3 (1.12%) Tomcat
6 3 (1.12%) WebLogic
7 2 (0.74%) Skype for Business
7 2 (0.74%) WebSphere
7 2 (0.74%) WebSphere Application Server
8 1 (0.37%) Apache Spark
8 1 (0.37%) nginx
Applications
1 14 (5.20%) Microsoft Office
2 2 (0.74%) Microsoft PowerPoint
3 1 (0.37%) Microsoft Excel
3 1 (0.37%) Microsoft Project
3 1 (0.37%) MS Visio
Business Applications
1 19 (7.06%) R3 Corda
2 3 (1.12%) Distributed Ledger
2 3 (1.12%) Payment Gateway
3 1 (0.37%) SAP Oil and Gas
Cloud Services
1 97 (36.06%) Azure
2 47 (17.47%) AWS
3 42 (15.61%) Azure Active Directory
4 35 (13.01%) Microsoft 365
5 26 (9.67%) PaaS
6 24 (8.92%) IaaS
7 17 (6.32%) SaaS
8 6 (2.23%) Azure ExpressRoute
9 5 (1.86%) Cloud Computing
9 5 (1.86%) Virtual Private Cloud
10 4 (1.49%) Amazon EC2
10 4 (1.49%) Google Workspace
11 3 (1.12%) Akamai
11 3 (1.12%) Amazon CloudWatch
11 3 (1.12%) Amazon ELB
11 3 (1.12%) Amazon GuardDuty
12 2 (0.74%) Apigee
12 2 (0.74%) GCP
12 2 (0.74%) IBM Cloud
13 1 (0.37%) AWS CloudFormation
Communications & Networking
1 61 (22.68%) Firewall
2 52 (19.33%) DNS
3 34 (12.64%) TCP/IP
4 28 (10.41%) VPN
5 25 (9.29%) WAN
6 23 (8.55%) DHCP
6 23 (8.55%) Network Security
7 18 (6.69%) SSL
8 16 (5.95%) Intrusion Detection
8 16 (5.95%) LAN
9 12 (4.46%) IPsec
10 8 (2.97%) Remote Desktop
11 7 (2.60%) Cisco IOS
11 7 (2.60%) Cisco ISE
12 6 (2.23%) Cisco ASA
12 6 (2.23%) HTTP
13 5 (1.86%) Internet
13 5 (1.86%) NetScaler
14 4 (1.49%) Wireshark
15 3 (1.12%) Unified Communications
Database & Business Intelligence
1 19 (7.06%) Blockchain
2 12 (4.46%) Big Data
3 10 (3.72%) SQL Server
4 9 (3.35%) Amazon RDS
5 7 (2.60%) NoSQL
6 6 (2.23%) Azure SQL Database
6 6 (2.23%) Cosmos DB
6 6 (2.23%) Hadoop
6 6 (2.23%) MongoDB
7 5 (1.86%) Apache Accumulo
7 5 (1.86%) MySQL
8 4 (1.49%) Relational Database
9 3 (1.12%) MariaDB
9 3 (1.12%) Oracle Database
9 3 (1.12%) Oracle Database 11g
10 2 (0.74%) Apache Cassandra
11 1 (0.37%) PostgreSQL
Development Applications
1 12 (4.46%) Jenkins
2 9 (3.35%) JIRA
3 6 (2.23%) Bitbucket
4 5 (1.86%) Git (software)
5 4 (1.49%) GitLab
6 3 (1.12%) Maven
7 2 (0.74%) Atlassian Bamboo
7 2 (0.74%) Oracle APEX
7 2 (0.74%) Subversion
7 2 (0.74%) Team Foundation Server
7 2 (0.74%) WinDbg
8 1 (0.37%) Automake
8 1 (0.37%) Cucumber
8 1 (0.37%) JUnit
8 1 (0.37%) Mockito
8 1 (0.37%) VSS/SourceSafe
General
1 29 (10.78%) Finance
2 17 (6.32%) Legal
3 8 (2.97%) Telecoms
4 7 (2.60%) Public Sector
4 7 (2.60%) Retail
5 4 (1.49%) Banking
6 3 (1.12%) Law
6 3 (1.12%) Marketing
7 2 (0.74%) Aerospace
7 2 (0.74%) Back Office
7 2 (0.74%) Electronics
7 2 (0.74%) Japanese Language
7 2 (0.74%) Manufacturing
7 2 (0.74%) Military
8 1 (0.37%) French Language
8 1 (0.37%) German Language
8 1 (0.37%) Spanish Language
Job Titles
1 38 (14.13%) Consultant
2 28 (10.41%) Security Engineer
3 23 (8.55%) Architect
4 17 (6.32%) Infrastructure Engineer
5 13 (4.83%) Cryptography Engineer
5 13 (4.83%) Cybersecurity Engineer
5 13 (4.83%) Security Consultant
6 12 (4.46%) DevOps Engineer
7 11 (4.09%) Cloud Architect
7 11 (4.09%) Developer
8 10 (3.72%) Analyst
8 10 (3.72%) DevSecOps Engineer
9 9 (3.35%) Cloud Engineer
9 9 (3.35%) Systems Engineer
10 8 (2.97%) Ethical Hacker
10 8 (2.97%) Network Engineer
10 8 (2.97%) Penetration Tester
10 8 (2.97%) Security Architect
10 8 (2.97%) Solutions Architect
10 8 (2.97%) Tester
Libraries, Frameworks & Software Standards
1 26 (9.67%) Kafka
2 16 (5.95%) SAML
3 14 (5.20%) LDAP
4 12 (4.46%) REST
4 12 (4.46%) SOAP
5 9 (3.35%) Web Services
6 8 (2.97%) HTML
6 8 (2.97%) JSON
7 7 (2.60%) CSS
7 7 (2.60%) RESTful
7 7 (2.60%) SailPoint
7 7 (2.60%) XML
8 6 (2.23%) OpenID
9 5 (1.86%) .NET
9 5 (1.86%) AngularJS
9 5 (1.86%) Apache NiFi
9 5 (1.86%) jQuery
9 5 (1.86%) OAuth
10 4 (1.49%) LAMP
10 4 (1.49%) Spring
Miscellaneous
1 23 (8.55%) Public Cloud
2 19 (7.06%) Data Centre
3 17 (6.32%) Management Information System
4 14 (5.20%) Cloud Native
5 13 (4.83%) Algorithms
5 13 (4.83%) Distributed Denial-of-Service
6 10 (3.72%) Analytical Skills
7 9 (3.35%) Private Cloud
8 8 (2.97%) Hybrid Cloud
8 8 (2.97%) Self-Motivation
9 6 (2.23%) Cyberattack
9 6 (2.23%) Replication
10 4 (1.49%) Mobile App
11 3 (1.12%) Client/Server
11 3 (1.12%) Clustering
12 2 (0.74%) DataPower
12 2 (0.74%) EPoS
13 1 (0.37%) Blog
13 1 (0.37%) iPhone
13 1 (0.37%) Social Media
Operating Systems
1 102 (37.92%) Windows
2 90 (33.46%) Linux
3 35 (13.01%) Unix
3 35 (13.01%) Windows Server
4 30 (11.15%) Windows Server 2012
5 25 (9.29%) Windows Server 2016
6 20 (7.43%) Windows Server 2019
7 19 (7.06%) Mac OS
8 16 (5.95%) Android
9 11 (4.09%) Windows Server 2008
10 10 (3.72%) Apple iOS
10 10 (3.72%) Red Hat Enterprise Linux
11 8 (2.97%) Windows 10
12 7 (2.60%) CentOS
12 7 (2.60%) Solaris
12 7 (2.60%) Windows Server 2003
13 6 (2.23%) Mac OS X
14 4 (1.49%) MVS
15 2 (0.74%) Windows Mobile
16 1 (0.37%) Windows XP
Processes & Methodologies
1 60 (22.30%) DevOps
2 46 (17.10%) DevSecOps
3 44 (16.36%) Cybersecurity
4 42 (15.61%) Information Security
5 37 (13.75%) Infrastructure as Code
6 36 (13.38%) Agile Software Development
7 31 (11.52%) Identity Access Management
7 31 (11.52%) Problem-Solving
7 31 (11.52%) SIEM
8 27 (10.04%) Continuous Improvement
8 27 (10.04%) Fintech
9 26 (9.67%) Security Operations
10 25 (9.29%) Infrastructure Engineering
10 25 (9.29%) ITIL
11 23 (8.55%) Analytics
12 22 (8.18%) Information Assurance
12 22 (8.18%) Vulnerability Scanning
13 20 (7.43%) Vulnerability Management
14 19 (7.06%) Validation
15 18 (6.69%) Security Architecture
Programming Languages
1 67 (24.91%) PowerShell
2 39 (14.50%) Python
3 33 (12.27%) SQL
4 24 (8.92%) Bash Shell
5 18 (6.69%) Perl
6 17 (6.32%) Java
7 8 (2.97%) C
7 8 (2.97%) JavaScript
8 7 (2.60%) Shell Script
9 5 (1.86%) VB
10 3 (1.12%) PHP
10 3 (1.12%) PL/SQL
10 3 (1.12%) T-SQL
11 2 (0.74%) Go
11 2 (0.74%) Kotlin
11 2 (0.74%) Rust
11 2 (0.74%) Scala
12 1 (0.37%) C#
12 1 (0.37%) Groovy
12 1 (0.37%) Java 8
Qualifications
1 51 (18.96%) Security Cleared
2 30 (11.15%) SC Cleared
3 20 (7.43%) Microsoft Certification
4 16 (5.95%) DV Cleared
5 9 (3.35%) Cisco Certification
5 9 (3.35%) Degree
5 9 (3.35%) SANS
6 8 (2.97%) CCNA
6 8 (2.97%) CEPT
6 8 (2.97%) EC-Council LPT
6 8 (2.97%) GXPN
6 8 (2.97%) OSCE
6 8 (2.97%) OSWP
7 6 (2.23%) CISSP
7 6 (2.23%) ITIL Foundation Certificate
8 4 (1.49%) CISA
8 4 (1.49%) DBS Check
9 3 (1.12%) CESG Certified Professional
9 3 (1.12%) HNC
10 2 (0.74%) CCNP
Quality Assurance & Compliance
1 11 (4.09%) ISO/IEC 27001
2 7 (2.60%) SLA
3 5 (1.86%) PCI DSS
4 4 (1.49%) GDPR
4 4 (1.49%) NIST
4 4 (1.49%) QA
5 3 (1.12%) NCSC
5 3 (1.12%) NIST 800
6 1 (0.37%) COBIT
6 1 (0.37%) Cyber Essentials
6 1 (0.37%) HMG Security Policy Framework
System Software
1 107 (39.78%) Active Directory
2 54 (20.07%) Docker
3 39 (14.50%) VMware Infrastructure
4 12 (4.46%) VMware ESXi
5 10 (3.72%) BitLocker
6 8 (2.97%) Hyper-V
6 8 (2.97%) XenApp
7 6 (2.23%) vSphere
8 5 (1.86%) Apache ZooKeeper
8 5 (1.86%) Forefront TMG
8 5 (1.86%) Terminal Services
8 5 (1.86%) VMware Workstation
9 4 (1.49%) NDS
9 4 (1.49%) NetIQ eDirectory
10 3 (1.12%) XenDesktop
11 1 (0.37%) KVM
11 1 (0.37%) Snort
11 1 (0.37%) Virtual Desktop
11 1 (0.37%) Virtual Machines
11 1 (0.37%) VMware NSX
Systems Management
1 41 (15.24%) Kubernetes
2 24 (8.92%) Single Sign-On
2 24 (8.92%) Terraform
3 20 (7.43%) SCCM
4 15 (5.58%) Ansible
4 15 (5.58%) Microsoft Intune
5 12 (4.46%) SCOM
6 11 (4.09%) SCOrch
7 10 (3.72%) Jamf Pro
8 8 (2.97%) Microsoft Clustering
8 8 (2.97%) Nessus
9 7 (2.60%) SCVMM
10 6 (2.23%) Forefront Identity Manager
10 6 (2.23%) vCenter Server
11 5 (1.86%) Kibana
11 5 (1.86%) McAfee ePO
11 5 (1.86%) Prometheus
11 5 (1.86%) vRealize
11 5 (1.86%) WSUS
12 4 (1.49%) MIIS
Vendors
1 135 (50.19%) Microsoft
2 53 (19.70%) VMware
3 45 (16.73%) Gemalto
4 21 (7.81%) Cisco
5 15 (5.58%) Citrix
6 11 (4.09%) McAfee
7 10 (3.72%) F5
7 10 (3.72%) Red Hat
8 9 (3.35%) IBM
8 9 (3.35%) Veeam
9 8 (2.97%) Google
9 8 (2.97%) Oracle
10 7 (2.60%) CA
10 7 (2.60%) Fortinet
11 6 (2.23%) Apple
12 5 (1.86%) Atlassian
12 5 (1.86%) SAP
13 4 (1.49%) CyberArk
13 4 (1.49%) EMC
13 4 (1.49%) Juniper
66 PKI job vacancies Nationwide