Job Vacancy Trend Salary Trend Salary Histogram Job Locations Skill Sets
Period
to 31 July 2021

The table below looks at the prevalence of the term PKI in permanent job vacancies. Included is a benchmarking guide to the salaries offered in vacancies that have cited PKI over the 6 months to 31 July 2021 with a comparison to the same period over the previous 2 years.

Public-Key Infrastructure (PKI)
UK
6 months to
31 Jul 2021		 Same period 2020 Same period 2019
Rank 662 531 672
Rank change year-on-year -131 +141 -8
Permanent jobs citing PKI 344 281 469
As % of all permanent jobs advertised in the UK 0.30% 0.41% 0.33%
As % of the Miscellaneous category 0.77% 1.16% 0.93%
Number of salaries quoted 227 220 320
10th Percentile £40,000 £38,000 £40,000
25th Percentile £45,375 £50,938 £42,500
Median annual salary (50th Percentile) £55,000 £60,000 £57,500
Median % change year-on-year -8.33% +4.35% -4.17%
75th Percentile £73,750 £82,500 £76,250
90th Percentile £85,000 £95,000 £90,050
UK excluding London median annual salary £55,000 £52,500 £50,000
% change year-on-year +4.76% +5.00% -9.09%

PKI is in the Generic IT Skills category. The following table is for comparison with the above and provides summary statistics for all permanent job vacancies with a requirement for generic IT skills.

All Generic IT Skills
UK
Permanent vacancies with a requirement for generic IT skills 44,456 24,157 50,520
As % of all permanent IT jobs advertised in the UK 39.13% 35.52% 35.14%
Number of salaries quoted 26,974 19,221 38,650
10th Percentile £32,500 £31,750 £30,000
25th Percentile £42,500 £41,250 £37,500
Median annual salary (50th Percentile) £57,500 £55,000 £52,723
Median % change year-on-year +4.55% +4.32% +0.42%
75th Percentile £78,750 £76,250 £72,500
90th Percentile £97,500 £96,750 £90,000
UK excluding London median annual salary £50,000 £47,500 £45,000
% change year-on-year +5.26% +5.56% -

PKI
Job Vacancy Trend

Job postings citing PKI as a proportion of all IT jobs advertised.

Job vacancy trend for PKI in the UK

PKI
Salary Trend

3-month moving average salary quoted in jobs citing PKI.

Salary trend for PKI in the UK

PKI
Salary Histogram

Salary distribution for jobs citing PKI over the 6 months to 31 July 2021.

Salary histogram for PKI in the UK

PKI
Top 16 Job Locations

The table below looks at the demand and provides a guide to the median salaries quoted in IT jobs citing PKI within the UK over the 6 months to 31 July 2021. The 'Rank Change' column provides an indication of the change in demand within each location based on the same 6 month period last year.

Location Rank Change
on Same Period
Last Year		 Matching
Permanent
IT Job Ads		 Median Salary
Past 6 Months		 Median Salary
% Change
on Same Period
Last Year		 Live
Job
Vacancies
England -137 272 £61,500 -1.60% 52
UK excluding London -146 174 £55,000 +4.76% 40
London -133 99 £65,000 -18.75% 15
Work from Home -204 88 £80,000 - 10
South East -82 83 £62,500 +19.05% 15
South West -62 37 £55,000 -38.89% 5
Midlands -69 18 £47,500 -5.00% 10
North of England -86 17 £57,500 +7.48% 6
West Midlands -62 15 £47,500 -5.00% 6
Scotland -75 12 £55,000 +4.76% 2
North West -54 10 £50,000 -6.54% 3
Wales -26 7 - - 1
East of England -42 7 £48,500 -3.00% 1
Yorkshire -65 6 £57,500 -20.69% 2
East Midlands -51 3 £48,250 - 4
North East -26 1 - - 1

For the 6 months to 31 July 2021, IT jobs citing PKI also mentioned the following skills in order of popularity. The figures indicate the absolute number co-occurrences and as a proportion of all permanent job ads with a requirement for PKI.

1 178 (51.74%) Microsoft
2 145 (42.15%) Active Directory
3 128 (37.21%) Linux
4 125 (36.34%) Windows
5 120 (34.88%) Azure
6 78 (22.67%) Gemalto
7 76 (22.09%) PowerShell
8 75 (21.80%) VMware
9 71 (20.64%) DNS
10 67 (19.48%) Windows Server
11 61 (17.73%) Firewall
12 60 (17.44%) SSL
13 58 (16.86%) Social Skills
14 56 (16.28%) Microsoft 365
15 55 (15.99%) AWS
16 53 (15.41%) VMware Infrastructure
16 53 (15.41%) DevOps
16 53 (15.41%) Agile Software Development
17 52 (15.12%) SQL
17 52 (15.12%) Security Cleared
17 52 (15.12%) Azure Active Directory
18 49 (14.24%) Bash Shell
19 48 (13.95%) TCP/IP
20 47 (13.66%) Problem-Solving
21 44 (12.79%) Kubernetes
22 42 (12.21%) Infrastructure Engineering
22 42 (12.21%) Python
22 42 (12.21%) Git (software)
23 41 (11.92%) Docker
23 41 (11.92%) HTML

PKI
Co-occurring IT Skills by Category

The follow tables expand on the table above by listing co-occurrences grouped by category. The same job type, locality and period is covered with up to 20 co-occurrences shown in each of the following categories:

Application Platforms
1 31 (9.01%) MS Exchange
2 28 (8.14%) IIS
3 20 (5.81%) SharePoint
4 19 (5.52%) Apache
5 13 (3.78%) Elasticsearch
6 10 (2.91%) Confluence
7 3 (0.87%) Skype for Business
7 3 (0.87%) Tomcat
8 2 (0.58%) Apache Spark
8 2 (0.58%) Exchange Server 2013
8 2 (0.58%) WebLogic
9 1 (0.29%) Exchange Server 2010
9 1 (0.29%) SharePoint 2013
Applications
1 21 (6.10%) Microsoft Office
2 1 (0.29%) Microsoft Excel
2 1 (0.29%) Microsoft PowerPoint
2 1 (0.29%) MS Visio
Business Applications
1 19 (5.52%) Payment Gateway
2 7 (2.03%) R3 Corda
3 1 (0.29%) Distributed Ledger
Cloud Services
1 120 (34.88%) Azure
2 56 (16.28%) Microsoft 365
3 55 (15.99%) AWS
4 52 (15.12%) Azure Active Directory
5 31 (9.01%) PaaS
6 24 (6.98%) IaaS
7 23 (6.69%) SaaS
8 11 (3.20%) Cloud Computing
9 10 (2.91%) Azure Stack
9 10 (2.91%) OneDrive
10 9 (2.62%) GCP
11 7 (2.03%) GitHub
12 6 (1.74%) Azure App Service
12 6 (1.74%) Azure Cosmos DB
12 6 (1.74%) Azure ExpressRoute
12 6 (1.74%) Azure Synapse Analytics
13 5 (1.45%) Amazon EKS
14 4 (1.16%) Amazon CloudWatch
14 4 (1.16%) Amazon GuardDuty
14 4 (1.16%) OpenShift
Communications & Networking
1 71 (20.64%) DNS
2 61 (17.73%) Firewall
3 60 (17.44%) SSL
4 48 (13.95%) TCP/IP
5 38 (11.05%) VPN
6 25 (7.27%) DHCP
7 24 (6.98%) WAN
8 23 (6.69%) HTTP
9 21 (6.10%) LAN
10 16 (4.65%) Cisco ASA
11 13 (3.78%) Network Security
12 12 (3.49%) Cisco ISE
13 11 (3.20%) IPsec
14 9 (2.62%) Kerberos
15 8 (2.33%) Cisco IOS
15 8 (2.33%) Internet
15 8 (2.33%) Remote Desktop
15 8 (2.33%) SAN
15 8 (2.33%) Wireless
16 7 (2.03%) Wi-Fi
Database & Business Intelligence
1 38 (11.05%) SQL Server
2 35 (10.17%) MySQL
3 24 (6.98%) MariaDB
4 14 (4.07%) Apache Cassandra
5 12 (3.49%) NoSQL
6 11 (3.20%) Big Data
6 11 (3.20%) Hadoop
7 10 (2.91%) MongoDB
7 10 (2.91%) PostgreSQL
8 8 (2.33%) Blockchain
9 7 (2.03%) Amazon RDS
10 6 (1.74%) Azure SQL Database
11 2 (0.58%) Data Warehouse
11 2 (0.58%) Oracle Database
11 2 (0.58%) Oracle Database 11g
12 1 (0.29%) Relational Database
12 1 (0.29%) SQL Server 2016
Development Applications
1 42 (12.21%) Git (software)
2 26 (7.56%) Jenkins
3 15 (4.36%) JIRA
4 12 (3.49%) GitLab
5 9 (2.62%) Artifactory
6 6 (1.74%) Robot Framework
7 5 (1.45%) CMake
7 5 (1.45%) JMeter
7 5 (1.45%) PHPUnit
8 4 (1.16%) Atlassian Bamboo
9 3 (0.87%) Bitbucket
9 3 (0.87%) Maven
9 3 (0.87%) VSS/SourceSafe
10 2 (0.58%) Subversion
10 2 (0.58%) Team Foundation Server
10 2 (0.58%) WinDbg
11 1 (0.29%) Cucumber
11 1 (0.29%) JUnit
11 1 (0.29%) Mockito
11 1 (0.29%) Oracle APEX
General
1 58 (16.86%) Social Skills
2 36 (10.47%) Finance
3 17 (4.94%) Analytical Skills
4 15 (4.36%) Manufacturing
5 11 (3.20%) Telecoms
6 10 (2.91%) Legal
6 10 (2.91%) Public Sector
7 8 (2.33%) Organisational Skills
8 7 (2.03%) Electronics
8 7 (2.03%) Marketing
9 5 (1.45%) Banking
10 4 (1.16%) Inclusion and Diversity
10 4 (1.16%) Military
11 3 (0.87%) French Language
11 3 (0.87%) German Language
11 3 (0.87%) Multimedia
11 3 (0.87%) Retail
12 2 (0.58%) Aerospace
12 2 (0.58%) Japanese Language
12 2 (0.58%) Law
Job Titles
1 65 (18.90%) Consultant
2 38 (11.05%) Developer
3 30 (8.72%) Infrastructure Engineer
4 26 (7.56%) Cryptography Engineer
4 26 (7.56%) Security Consultant
4 26 (7.56%) Senior Developer
5 25 (7.27%) Architect
6 24 (6.98%) PHP Developer
7 19 (5.52%) Senior PHP Developer
8 16 (4.65%) 3rd Line Engineer
9 14 (4.07%) Systems Engineer
10 13 (3.78%) DevOps Engineer
11 12 (3.49%) 3rd Line Infrastructure Engineer
11 12 (3.49%) Cloud Engineer
11 12 (3.49%) NOC Engineer
11 12 (3.49%) Security Engineer
12 11 (3.20%) Network Engineer
13 9 (2.62%) Security Architect
13 9 (2.62%) Site Engineer
13 9 (2.62%) Site Reliability Engineer
Libraries, Frameworks & Software Standards
1 41 (11.92%) HTML
2 34 (9.88%) LAMP
3 33 (9.59%) LDAP
4 29 (8.43%) SAML
5 27 (7.85%) CSS
5 27 (7.85%) Kafka
5 27 (7.85%) REST
5 27 (7.85%) SOAP
6 24 (6.98%) jQuery
7 20 (5.81%) OpenID
8 14 (4.07%) XML
9 12 (3.49%) OAuth
9 12 (3.49%) Web Services
10 10 (2.91%) LAPP Stack
10 10 (2.91%) OAuth2
11 9 (2.62%) JSON
12 8 (2.33%) Elastic Stack
12 8 (2.33%) Spring
12 8 (2.33%) Spring Boot
13 7 (2.03%) SailPoint
Miscellaneous
1 39 (11.34%) Data Centre
2 26 (7.56%) Algorithms
3 25 (7.27%) Public Cloud
4 24 (6.98%) Mobile App
5 20 (5.81%) Clustering
6 16 (4.65%) Self-Motivation
7 15 (4.36%) Hybrid Cloud
8 13 (3.78%) Private Cloud
9 10 (2.91%) Enterprise Storage
9 10 (2.91%) Management Information System
10 6 (1.74%) Cloud Native
10 6 (1.74%) Linux Command Line
11 5 (1.45%) Distributed Denial-of-Service
11 5 (1.45%) Replication
12 4 (1.16%) Client/Server
13 3 (0.87%) Device Driver
13 3 (0.87%) Greenfield Project
13 3 (0.87%) SCADA
14 2 (0.58%) Cybercrime
14 2 (0.58%) iPhone
Operating Systems
1 128 (37.21%) Linux
2 125 (36.34%) Windows
3 67 (19.48%) Windows Server
4 37 (10.76%) Windows Server 2012
5 30 (8.72%) Unix
6 26 (7.56%) Windows Server 2019
7 19 (5.52%) Windows Server 2016
8 16 (4.65%) Mac OS
9 14 (4.07%) Windows Server 2008
10 12 (3.49%) Red Hat Enterprise Linux
11 11 (3.20%) Android
11 11 (3.20%) CentOS
12 10 (2.91%) Windows 10
13 8 (2.33%) Windows Server 2003
14 7 (2.03%) Mac OS X
15 6 (1.74%) Solaris
16 4 (1.16%) Apple iOS
17 2 (0.58%) Ubuntu
17 2 (0.58%) Windows Mobile
Processes & Methodologies
1 53 (15.41%) Agile Software Development
1 53 (15.41%) DevOps
2 47 (13.66%) Problem-Solving
3 42 (12.21%) Infrastructure Engineering
4 33 (9.59%) ITIL
4 33 (9.59%) Validation
5 32 (9.30%) Cryptography
6 28 (8.14%) Information Security
7 26 (7.56%) Cybersecurity
7 26 (7.56%) Server Management
7 26 (7.56%) Unit Testing
8 25 (7.27%) Software Engineering
9 24 (6.98%) Configuration Management
9 24 (6.98%) Infrastructure as Code
10 23 (6.69%) Mentoring
11 21 (6.10%) DevSecOps
11 21 (6.10%) Fintech
12 20 (5.81%) Scaled Agile Framework
12 20 (5.81%) SIEM
12 20 (5.81%) Technical Leadership
Programming Languages
1 76 (22.09%) PowerShell
2 52 (15.12%) SQL
3 49 (14.24%) Bash Shell
4 42 (12.21%) Python
5 37 (10.76%) JavaScript
6 29 (8.43%) Java
7 24 (6.98%) PHP
8 22 (6.40%) C#
9 18 (5.23%) Perl
10 17 (4.94%) Shell Script
11 13 (3.78%) Ruby
12 12 (3.49%) C
13 9 (2.62%) C++
14 7 (2.03%) Go
15 5 (1.45%) Kotlin
16 4 (1.16%) VB
17 3 (0.87%) Java 11
17 3 (0.87%) Java 8
18 2 (0.58%) PL/SQL
18 2 (0.58%) T-SQL
Qualifications
1 52 (15.12%) Security Cleared
2 38 (11.05%) Microsoft Certification
3 32 (9.30%) SC Cleared
4 23 (6.69%) Cisco Certification
5 20 (5.81%) DV Cleared
6 18 (5.23%) CCNA
6 18 (5.23%) Degree
7 9 (2.62%) CISSP
8 7 (2.03%) CCNP
8 7 (2.03%) ITIL Foundation Certificate
9 6 (1.74%) CISM
9 6 (1.74%) MCSE
10 5 (1.45%) Computer Science Degree
10 5 (1.45%) ISTQB
11 4 (1.16%) (ISC)2 CCSP
11 4 (1.16%) AWS Certification
11 4 (1.16%) CISA
11 4 (1.16%) HNC
11 4 (1.16%) MCSA
12 3 (0.87%) OSCE
Quality Assurance & Compliance
1 24 (6.98%) PCI DSS
2 11 (3.20%) ISO/IEC 27001
3 10 (2.91%) SLA
4 7 (2.03%) QA
5 5 (1.45%) NIST
6 2 (0.58%) GDPR
7 1 (0.29%) Cyber Essentials
7 1 (0.29%) NIST 800
System Software
1 145 (42.15%) Active Directory
2 53 (15.41%) VMware Infrastructure
3 41 (11.92%) Docker
4 26 (7.56%) VMware ESXi
5 15 (4.36%) Hyper-V
5 15 (4.36%) vSphere
6 10 (2.91%) Terminal Services
7 9 (2.62%) BitLocker
8 6 (1.74%) Forefront TMG
8 6 (1.74%) VMware Workstation
8 6 (1.74%) XenApp
9 4 (1.16%) ProxySG
9 4 (1.16%) Virtual Machines
10 3 (0.87%) NDS
10 3 (0.87%) NetIQ eDirectory
11 2 (0.58%) NFS
12 1 (0.29%) KVM
12 1 (0.29%) Microsoft App-V
12 1 (0.29%) Snort
Systems Management
1 44 (12.79%) Kubernetes
2 32 (9.30%) Terraform
3 31 (9.01%) SCCM
4 30 (8.72%) Active Directory Federation Services
5 26 (7.56%) Ansible
5 26 (7.56%) Single Sign-On
6 17 (4.94%) SCOM
7 13 (3.78%) Jamf Pro
7 13 (3.78%) Microsoft Intune
7 13 (3.78%) Puppet
8 10 (2.91%) Microsoft Clustering
8 10 (2.91%) Prometheus
8 10 (2.91%) SCOrch
9 9 (2.62%) Grafana
9 9 (2.62%) Nessus
9 9 (2.62%) Opscode Chef
10 8 (2.33%) SCVMM
11 7 (2.03%) Kibana
11 7 (2.03%) vCenter Server
11 7 (2.03%) WSUS
Vendors
1 178 (51.74%) Microsoft
2 78 (22.67%) Gemalto
3 75 (21.80%) VMware
4 35 (10.17%) Cisco
5 19 (5.52%) Citrix
6 17 (4.94%) Apple
6 17 (4.94%) Red Hat
7 14 (4.07%) F5
8 12 (3.49%) McAfee
9 11 (3.20%) NetIQ
10 10 (2.91%) 3PAR
10 10 (2.91%) CyberArk
10 10 (2.91%) Scality
11 9 (2.62%) Atlassian
11 9 (2.62%) Dell
12 7 (2.03%) CA
12 7 (2.03%) Meraki
12 7 (2.03%) SAP
13 6 (1.74%) Oracle
13 6 (1.74%) Veeam
58 PKI job vacancies Nationwide