Machine Learning (ML)
UK

The following table provides summary statistics for permanent job vacancies with a requirement for Machine Learning skills. Included is a benchmarking guide to the salaries offered in vacancies that have cited Machine Learning over the 6 months to 25 April 2024 with a comparison to the same period in the previous 2 years.

6 months to
25 Apr 2024
Same period 2023 Same period 2022
Rank 72 98 59
Rank change year-on-year +26 -39 +20
Permanent jobs citing Machine Learning 3,526 3,630 8,264
As % of all permanent jobs advertised in the UK 3.59% 3.45% 5.37%
As % of the Processes & Methodologies category 4.17% 3.61% 5.62%
Number of salaries quoted 1,626 1,660 2,702
10th Percentile £43,750 £45,000 £42,500
25th Percentile £52,500 £55,000 £53,750
Median annual salary (50th Percentile) £70,000 £70,000 £72,100
Median % change year-on-year - -2.91% +10.92%
75th Percentile £92,500 £88,750 £90,000
90th Percentile £112,500 £110,000 £110,000
UK excluding London median annual salary £62,500 £65,000 £60,000
% change year-on-year -3.85% +8.33% +9.09%

All Process and Methodology Skills
UK

Machine Learning is in the Processes and Methodologies category. The following table is for comparison with the above and provides summary statistics for all permanent job vacancies with a requirement for process or methodology skills.

Permanent vacancies with a requirement for process or methodology skills 84,476 100,576 147,122
As % of all permanent jobs advertised in the UK 86.05% 95.63% 95.59%
Number of salaries quoted 59,789 58,947 82,930
10th Percentile £29,000 £34,000 £33,476
25th Percentile £40,000 £45,000 £43,750
Median annual salary (50th Percentile) £55,000 £61,700 £60,000
Median % change year-on-year -10.86% +2.83% +9.09%
75th Percentile £72,500 £82,500 £80,000
90th Percentile £92,500 £100,000 £96,250
UK excluding London median annual salary £50,000 £55,000 £52,500
% change year-on-year -9.09% +4.76% +9.38%

Machine Learning
Job Vacancy Trend

Job postings citing Machine Learning as a proportion of all IT jobs advertised.

Job vacancy trend for Machine Learning in the UK

Machine Learning
Salary Trend

3-month moving average salary quoted in jobs citing Machine Learning.

Salary trend for Machine Learning in the UK

Machine Learning
Salary Histogram

Salary distribution for jobs citing Machine Learning over the 6 months to 25 April 2024.

Salary histogram for Machine Learning in the UK

Machine Learning
Top 19 Job Locations

The table below looks at the demand and provides a guide to the median salaries quoted in IT jobs citing Machine Learning within the UK over the 6 months to 25 April 2024. The 'Rank Change' column provides an indication of the change in demand within each location based on the same 6 month period last year.

Location Rank Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Matching
Permanent
IT Job Ads
Median Salary
Past 6 Months
Median Salary
% Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Live
Jobs
UK excluding London +31 2,524 £62,500 -3.85% 511
England -21 1,976 £70,000 - 1,116
Scotland +74 1,455 £70,288 +8.14% 37
Work from Home -20 903 £65,000 -6.61% 592
London +13 901 £85,000 +13.18% 622
South East -4 345 £65,000 -7.14% 166
South West -33 231 £65,000 - 59
North of England -133 194 £57,500 -6.01% 89
Midlands -49 172 £57,500 - 46
West Midlands -42 131 £57,500 +4.55% 28
North West -109 112 £60,000 +4.35% 55
East of England -13 100 £70,000 +7.69% 114
Yorkshire -77 69 £58,750 -15.40% 29
East Midlands -37 41 £47,500 -33.33% 18
Wales -10 15 £60,000 +9.01% 8
North East -14 13 £47,500 -26.92% 5
Northern Ireland +24 9 £100,000 +33.33% 9
Channel Islands - 2 - -
Isle of Man - 2 £82,500 -

Machine Learning
Co-occurring Skills and Capabilities by Category

The follow tables expand on the table above by listing co-occurrences grouped by category. The same employment type, locality and period is covered with up to 20 co-occurrences shown in each of the following categories:

Application Platforms
1 395 (11.20%) Apache Spark
2 155 (4.40%) Apache
3 131 (3.72%) Apache Airflow
4 99 (2.81%) FileNet
5 61 (1.73%) SAS
6 28 (0.79%) Confluence
7 19 (0.54%) SharePoint
8 13 (0.37%) Jupyter
9 11 (0.31%) CICS
9 11 (0.31%) nginx
10 5 (0.14%) Appian
10 5 (0.14%) WordPress
11 3 (0.085%) Alfresco
11 3 (0.085%) CMS
11 3 (0.085%) Documentum
11 3 (0.085%) IIS
11 3 (0.085%) Kinematics
12 2 (0.057%) ArcGIS
13 1 (0.028%) Luigi
13 1 (0.028%) Tuxedo
Applications
1 62 (1.76%) Microsoft Excel
2 49 (1.39%) Simulink
3 21 (0.60%) Microsoft Office
4 19 (0.54%) Microsoft PowerPoint
5 9 (0.26%) MS Visio
6 7 (0.20%) Microsoft Project
7 6 (0.17%) Chatbot
7 6 (0.17%) EViews
7 6 (0.17%) Stateflow
8 4 (0.11%) Spreadsheet
8 4 (0.11%) Trello
9 2 (0.057%) SPSS
10 1 (0.028%) Blender
Business Applications
1 13 (0.37%) Aladdin
2 8 (0.23%) Siebel CRM
3 3 (0.085%) Sparx Enterprise Architect
4 2 (0.057%) Magento
5 1 (0.028%) Data Workbench
5 1 (0.028%) Dynamics CRM
5 1 (0.028%) Dynamics NAV
5 1 (0.028%) Salesforce CRM
5 1 (0.028%) SAP Business One
5 1 (0.028%) SAP S/4HANA
Cloud Services
1 1,283 (36.39%) AWS
2 840 (23.82%) Azure
3 374 (10.61%) GCP
4 373 (10.58%) Power Platform
5 143 (4.06%) GitHub
6 122 (3.46%) SaaS
7 121 (3.43%) Amazon S3
8 117 (3.32%) Cloud Computing
9 94 (2.67%) Serverless
10 91 (2.58%) Snowflake
11 89 (2.52%) Azure DevOps
12 83 (2.35%) Azure Data Factory
13 79 (2.24%) Datadog
14 71 (2.01%) Azure Synapse Analytics
15 68 (1.93%) Matillion
16 58 (1.64%) Azure Cosmos DB
16 58 (1.64%) Azure Machine Learning
17 55 (1.56%) Amazon CloudWatch
18 48 (1.36%) PowerApps
19 45 (1.28%) Amazon EKS
Communications & Networking
1 31 (0.88%) DNS
2 28 (0.79%) HTTP
3 20 (0.57%) Firewall
4 18 (0.51%) DSL
5 14 (0.40%) Network Security
5 14 (0.40%) TCP/IP
6 13 (0.37%) VPN
7 12 (0.34%) Internet
8 11 (0.31%) Wireless
9 9 (0.26%) LAN
9 9 (0.26%) WAN
9 9 (0.26%) WLAN
10 8 (0.23%) MQTT
11 7 (0.20%) OpenVPN
12 5 (0.14%) Modbus
12 5 (0.14%) SSL
13 4 (0.11%) SD-WAN
13 4 (0.11%) ZigBee
14 3 (0.085%) Ethernet
14 3 (0.085%) NaaS
Database & Business Intelligence
1 513 (14.55%) NoSQL
2 361 (10.24%) Big Data
3 349 (9.90%) Power BI
4 274 (7.77%) Data Warehouse
5 250 (7.09%) SQL Server
6 242 (6.86%) Data Lake
7 178 (5.05%) Tableau
8 174 (4.93%) Hadoop
9 155 (4.40%) Elasticsearch
10 137 (3.89%) Apache Hive
11 134 (3.80%) Apache Cassandra
12 125 (3.55%) PostgreSQL
13 111 (3.15%) SQL Server Integration Services
14 104 (2.95%) HBase
15 93 (2.64%) MongoDB
16 90 (2.55%) Relational Database
17 71 (2.01%) Apache Ignite
18 67 (1.90%) MySQL
19 64 (1.82%) Data Mining
20 42 (1.19%) Star Schema
Development Applications
1 295 (8.37%) Git
2 202 (5.73%) Jenkins
3 200 (5.67%) JUnit
4 123 (3.49%) Cypress.io
5 104 (2.95%) Jasmine
6 86 (2.44%) Bitbucket Server
7 84 (2.38%) Selenium
8 60 (1.70%) Karma Test Runner
8 60 (1.70%) Protractor
8 60 (1.70%) WebDriver
9 52 (1.47%) JIRA
10 45 (1.28%) GitLab
11 44 (1.25%) Mockito
12 24 (0.68%) Android Studio
13 20 (0.57%) SoapUI
14 17 (0.48%) CircleCI
14 17 (0.48%) JMeter
14 17 (0.48%) MLflow
15 11 (0.31%) Bitbucket
15 11 (0.31%) ChangeMan
General
1 2,039 (57.83%) Finance
2 1,548 (43.90%) Inclusion and Diversity
3 1,475 (41.83%) Law
4 769 (21.81%) Marketing
5 755 (21.41%) Social Skills
6 516 (14.63%) Legal
7 515 (14.61%) Banking
8 308 (8.74%) Analytical Skills
9 287 (8.14%) Investment Banking
10 243 (6.89%) Retail
11 193 (5.47%) Public Sector
12 116 (3.29%) Front Office
12 116 (3.29%) Presentation Skills
13 95 (2.69%) Influencing Skills
14 93 (2.64%) Financial Institution
15 87 (2.47%) Games
16 56 (1.59%) Manufacturing
17 37 (1.05%) Organisational Skills
18 33 (0.94%) Automotive
18 33 (0.94%) Electronics
Job Titles
1 1,486 (42.14%) Software Engineer
2 608 (17.24%) Lead
3 606 (17.19%) Senior
4 582 (16.51%) Java Engineer
5 576 (16.34%) Java Software Engineer
6 462 (13.10%) Developer
7 400 (11.34%) Lead Software Engineer
8 346 (9.81%) Data Engineer
9 321 (9.10%) Python Engineer
10 288 (8.17%) Data Scientist
11 279 (7.91%) Full Stack Engineer
12 270 (7.66%) Python Software Engineer
13 269 (7.63%) Full Stack Software Engineer
14 232 (6.58%) Architect
15 202 (5.73%) AWS Engineer
16 190 (5.39%) AWS Software Engineer
17 169 (4.79%) Senior Software Engineer
18 151 (4.28%) Lead Java Engineer
19 149 (4.23%) Developer/Software Engineer
19 149 (4.23%) Senior Data Scientist
Libraries, Frameworks & Software Standards
1 525 (14.89%) React
2 409 (11.60%) Spring
3 350 (9.93%) AngularJS
4 316 (8.96%) Kafka
5 249 (7.06%) HTML
6 219 (6.21%) J2EE
7 208 (5.90%) CSS
8 199 (5.64%) Node.js
9 178 (5.05%) Hibernate
10 170 (4.82%) JMS
11 164 (4.65%) Twitter Bootstrap
12 160 (4.54%) JSON
13 158 (4.48%) TensorFlow
14 152 (4.31%) PySpark
15 143 (4.06%) .NET
16 136 (3.86%) PyTorch
17 134 (3.80%) Spring Boot
18 133 (3.77%) jQuery
19 113 (3.20%) Pandas
20 110 (3.12%) GraphQL
Miscellaneous
1 941 (26.69%) Algorithms
2 497 (14.10%) Cloud Native
3 208 (5.90%) Data Structures
4 197 (5.59%) Onboarding
5 192 (5.45%) Public Cloud
6 167 (4.74%) Product Ownership
7 119 (3.37%) Hedge funds
8 115 (3.26%) Fixed Income
9 109 (3.09%) Management Information System
10 83 (2.35%) Equities
11 67 (1.90%) Self-Motivation
12 64 (1.82%) IoT
13 59 (1.67%) Foreign Exchange (FX)
14 54 (1.53%) Distributed Systems
15 47 (1.33%) Reference Data
16 46 (1.30%) Derivative
17 43 (1.22%) Legacy Code
18 41 (1.16%) Credit Risk
19 40 (1.13%) Blockchain
20 38 (1.08%) Taxonomies
Operating Systems
1 174 (4.93%) Linux
2 157 (4.45%) Unix
3 63 (1.79%) Windows
4 47 (1.33%) Android
5 17 (0.48%) CentOS
6 14 (0.40%) Windows Server
7 13 (0.37%) Embedded Linux
8 12 (0.34%) Apple iOS
8 12 (0.34%) Red Hat Enterprise Linux
9 10 (0.28%) Ubuntu
10 7 (0.20%) Windows Server 2019
11 6 (0.17%) Windows Server 2016
12 2 (0.057%) Mac OS
13 1 (0.028%) Solaris
13 1 (0.028%) VMS
13 1 (0.028%) Windows 10
13 1 (0.028%) Windows Server 2003
Processes & Methodologies
1 2,698 (76.52%) Artificial Intelligence
2 1,923 (54.54%) Agile
3 1,801 (51.08%) Software Engineering
4 1,445 (40.98%) CI/CD
5 1,282 (36.36%) SDLC
6 1,207 (34.23%) Operational Stability
7 982 (27.85%) Visualisation
8 900 (25.52%) Data Science
9 895 (25.38%) Community of Practice
10 789 (22.38%) Analytics
11 737 (20.90%) Continuous Improvement
12 609 (17.27%) Computer Science
13 575 (16.31%) Decision-Making
14 535 (15.17%) Problem-Solving
15 522 (14.80%) Risk Management
16 487 (13.81%) Business Intelligence
17 450 (12.76%) Full Stack Development
18 438 (12.42%) ETL
19 436 (12.37%) Microservices
20 367 (10.41%) Data Modelling
Programming Languages
1 1,739 (49.32%) Python
2 1,407 (39.90%) SQL
3 1,258 (35.68%) Java
4 406 (11.51%) JavaScript
5 377 (10.69%) TypeScript
6 228 (6.47%) C#
7 157 (4.45%) R
8 154 (4.37%) Scala
9 129 (3.66%) C++
10 106 (3.01%) PL/SQL
11 94 (2.67%) C
12 66 (1.87%) Kotlin
13 65 (1.84%) MATLAB
14 61 (1.73%) Go
15 55 (1.56%) T-SQL
16 32 (0.91%) Haskell
17 26 (0.74%) Fortran
18 25 (0.71%) Bash
18 25 (0.71%) Data Analysis Expressions
19 21 (0.60%) PowerShell
Qualifications
1 795 (22.55%) Degree
2 236 (6.69%) Master's Degree
3 226 (6.41%) Computer Science Degree
4 192 (5.45%) Security Cleared
5 170 (4.82%) PhD
6 108 (3.06%) SC Cleared
7 53 (1.50%) DV Cleared
8 36 (1.02%) DBS Check
9 29 (0.82%) Microsoft Certification
9 29 (0.82%) PMI Certification
10 25 (0.71%) AWS Certification
11 21 (0.60%) BPSS Clearance
12 19 (0.54%) Numerate Degree
13 18 (0.51%) Azure Certification
14 14 (0.40%) CISM
15 13 (0.37%) CISSP
16 10 (0.28%) MBA
17 8 (0.23%) CRISC
18 6 (0.17%) AWS Certified Cloud Practitioner
18 6 (0.17%) Network+ Certification
Quality Assurance & Compliance
1 144 (4.08%) Data Quality
2 80 (2.27%) QA
3 57 (1.62%) Accessibility
4 54 (1.53%) GDPR
5 20 (0.57%) SLA
6 15 (0.43%) California Consumer Privacy Act
7 11 (0.31%) PMO
8 9 (0.26%) NIST
9 6 (0.17%) Def Stans
9 6 (0.17%) IEC 61508
10 5 (0.14%) PCI DSS
11 4 (0.11%) Actionable Recommendations
11 4 (0.11%) COBIT
12 3 (0.085%) GRC
13 2 (0.057%) SNOMED CT
14 1 (0.028%) HIPAA
14 1 (0.028%) ISO/IEC 27001
14 1 (0.028%) JSP 440
System Software
1 168 (4.76%) Docker
2 112 (3.18%) HDFS
3 24 (0.68%) Virtual Machines
4 21 (0.60%) Firmware
5 11 (0.31%) Time Sharing Option
6 6 (0.17%) Active Directory
6 6 (0.17%) VMware Infrastructure
7 4 (0.11%) Hyper-V
8 2 (0.057%) IAG
9 1 (0.028%) KVM
9 1 (0.028%) Slurm Workload Manager
9 1 (0.028%) VMware ESXi
Systems Management
1 355 (10.07%) Kubernetes
2 328 (9.30%) Terraform
3 95 (2.69%) Grafana
4 35 (0.99%) Ansible
5 23 (0.65%) Prometheus
6 12 (0.34%) Microsoft Intune
7 7 (0.20%) Argo
7 7 (0.20%) Graphite
8 6 (0.17%) Kubeflow
9 4 (0.11%) Progress Chef
10 2 (0.057%) Core Impact
10 2 (0.057%) Podman
10 2 (0.057%) Puppet
11 1 (0.028%) Avamar
11 1 (0.028%) Consul
11 1 (0.028%) EMC VPLEX
11 1 (0.028%) Packer
11 1 (0.028%) Rancher
11 1 (0.028%) vCenter Server
11 1 (0.028%) vRealize
Vendors
1 441 (12.51%) Databricks
2 363 (10.29%) Microsoft
3 288 (8.17%) Oracle
4 202 (5.73%) Google
5 102 (2.89%) Splunk
6 98 (2.78%) Alteryx
7 93 (2.64%) Informatica
8 89 (2.52%) Dynatrace
9 82 (2.33%) Cloudera
10 29 (0.82%) Dell
10 29 (0.82%) OpenAI
11 26 (0.74%) SAP
12 25 (0.71%) Salesforce
13 23 (0.65%) Xilinx
14 21 (0.60%) Dataiku
15 19 (0.54%) Bloomberg
16 18 (0.51%) Cognos
16 18 (0.51%) SaltStack
16 18 (0.51%) Sybase
17 15 (0.43%) Pega