Machine Learning (ML)
UK

The following table provides summary statistics for permanent job vacancies with a requirement for Machine Learning skills. Included is a benchmarking guide to the salaries offered in vacancies that have cited Machine Learning over the 6 months to 30 November 2023 with a comparison to the same period in the previous 2 years.

6 months to
30 Nov 2023
Same period 2022 Same period 2021
Rank 105 77 74
Rank change year-on-year -28 -3 +15
Permanent jobs citing Machine Learning 1,628 5,241 5,455
As % of all permanent jobs advertised in the UK 3.02% 4.15% 4.21%
As % of the Processes & Methodologies category 3.21% 4.33% 4.41%
Number of salaries quoted 1,105 2,140 2,682
10th Percentile £45,750 £42,500 £39,525
25th Percentile £57,750 £53,750 £50,000
Median annual salary (50th Percentile) £75,500 £70,000 £70,000
Median % change year-on-year +7.86% - +12.00%
75th Percentile £96,539 £91,250 £91,438
90th Percentile £120,000 £112,500 £110,000
UK excluding London median annual salary £70,000 £60,000 £60,000
% change year-on-year +16.67% - +14.29%

All Process and Methodology Skills
UK

Machine Learning is in the Processes and Methodologies category. The following table is for comparison with the above and provides summary statistics for all permanent job vacancies with a requirement for process or methodology skills.

Permanent vacancies with a requirement for process or methodology skills 50,664 120,987 123,563
As % of all permanent jobs advertised in the UK 94.08% 95.74% 95.44%
Number of salaries quoted 36,731 73,454 82,144
10th Percentile £32,500 £34,347 £32,500
25th Percentile £43,750 £45,000 £42,500
Median annual salary (50th Percentile) £60,000 £60,000 £59,500
Median % change year-on-year - +0.84% +8.18%
75th Percentile £80,000 £81,250 £77,500
90th Percentile £98,750 £100,000 £95,000
UK excluding London median annual salary £52,500 £53,000 £50,000
% change year-on-year -0.94% +6.00% +4.17%

Machine Learning
Job Vacancy Trend

Job postings citing Machine Learning as a proportion of all IT jobs advertised.

Job vacancy trend for Machine Learning in the UK

Machine Learning
Salary Trend

3-month moving average salary quoted in jobs citing Machine Learning.

Salary trend for Machine Learning in the UK

Machine Learning
Salary Histogram

Salary distribution for jobs citing Machine Learning over the 6 months to 30 November 2023.

Salary histogram for Machine Learning in the UK

Machine Learning
Top 17 Job Locations

The table below looks at the demand and provides a guide to the median salaries quoted in IT jobs citing Machine Learning within the UK over the 6 months to 30 November 2023. The 'Rank Change' column provides an indication of the change in demand within each location based on the same 6 month period last year.

Location Rank Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Matching
Permanent
IT Job Ads
Median Salary
Past 6 Months
Median Salary
% Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Live
Jobs
England -25 1,465 £77,500 +10.71% 1,074
UK excluding London -29 877 £70,000 +16.67% 547
Work from Home -1 730 £70,576 -0.95% 497
London -19 668 £85,000 +6.25% 638
North of England -27 238 £72,500 +11.54% 79
South West +13 215 £69,447 +17.51% 51
South East -20 161 £70,875 +9.04% 172
North West -28 134 £70,000 +14.42% 55
Scotland +1 102 £79,632 +44.79% 39
Yorkshire -27 98 £73,750 +13.46% 20
East of England +25 73 £65,000 -3.70% 124
Midlands -75 71 £60,000 - 63
West Midlands -37 53 £60,616 +1.03% 50
East Midlands -39 18 £60,000 - 13
Wales -44 10 £45,000 - 18
Northern Ireland +4 7 £70,000 +30.23% 7
North East +40 6 £55,000 +10.00% 5

Machine Learning
Co-occurring Skills and Capabilities by Category

The follow tables expand on the table above by listing co-occurrences grouped by category. The same employment type, locality and period is covered with up to 20 co-occurrences shown in each of the following categories:

Application Platforms
1 128 (7.86%) Apache Spark
2 81 (4.98%) Apache
3 44 (2.70%) Apache Airflow
4 30 (1.84%) SAS
5 25 (1.54%) Jupyter
6 23 (1.41%) SharePoint
7 14 (0.86%) Confluence
8 7 (0.43%) Luigi
9 2 (0.12%) Alfresco
9 2 (0.12%) Apache Solr
9 2 (0.12%) CMS
9 2 (0.12%) Documentum
9 2 (0.12%) FileNet
9 2 (0.12%) WordPress
10 1 (0.061%) Apache Pulsar
10 1 (0.061%) IIS
10 1 (0.061%) nginx
10 1 (0.061%) OpenStack
Applications
1 26 (1.60%) Microsoft Excel
2 12 (0.74%) Microsoft Office
3 5 (0.31%) Chatbot
3 5 (0.31%) Microsoft PowerPoint
3 5 (0.31%) SPSS
4 3 (0.18%) Oracle Smart View
4 3 (0.18%) Stata
5 1 (0.061%) Adobe XD
5 1 (0.061%) Microsoft Project
5 1 (0.061%) MS Visio
5 1 (0.061%) Simulink
5 1 (0.061%) Sketch
5 1 (0.061%) Stateflow
Business Applications
1 14 (0.86%) Cloudability
2 4 (0.25%) Dynamics CRM
3 3 (0.18%) Distributed Ledger
4 2 (0.12%) Magento
4 2 (0.12%) Siebel CRM
5 1 (0.061%) FastStats
5 1 (0.061%) SAP S/4HANA
Cloud Services
1 530 (32.56%) Azure
2 475 (29.18%) AWS
3 410 (25.18%) GCP
4 212 (13.02%) Power Platform
5 147 (9.03%) SaaS
6 116 (7.13%) PaaS
7 112 (6.88%) IaaS
8 104 (6.39%) GitHub
9 58 (3.56%) GitHub Actions
10 55 (3.38%) Azure Data Factory
11 53 (3.26%) Vertex AI
12 52 (3.19%) Cloud Computing
13 46 (2.83%) Azure Synapse Analytics
13 46 (2.83%) Serverless
14 40 (2.46%) Azure DevOps
15 38 (2.33%) Snowflake
16 32 (1.97%) Azure Machine Learning
17 30 (1.84%) Microsoft 365
18 27 (1.66%) dbt
19 23 (1.41%) Amazon S3
Communications & Networking
1 27 (1.66%) Internet
2 13 (0.80%) OSPF
3 8 (0.49%) HTTP
3 8 (0.49%) VLAN
4 7 (0.43%) IPv4
4 7 (0.43%) VPN
5 6 (0.37%) BGP
5 6 (0.37%) Cisco IOS
5 6 (0.37%) DMVPN
5 6 (0.37%) DNS
5 6 (0.37%) EIGRP
5 6 (0.37%) Firewall
5 6 (0.37%) Junos
5 6 (0.37%) Multicast
5 6 (0.37%) NX-OS
5 6 (0.37%) Spanning Tree
5 6 (0.37%) TCP/IP
6 4 (0.25%) Anycast
6 4 (0.25%) MPLS
6 4 (0.25%) VXLAN
Database & Business Intelligence
1 251 (15.42%) Data Lake
2 235 (14.43%) Data Warehouse
3 230 (14.13%) Big Data
4 202 (12.41%) Power BI
5 189 (11.61%) NoSQL
6 163 (10.01%) Tableau
7 97 (5.96%) PostgreSQL
8 83 (5.10%) BigQuery
9 82 (5.04%) Relational Database
10 81 (4.98%) SQL Server
11 76 (4.67%) MySQL
12 63 (3.87%) Hadoop
13 60 (3.69%) Looker
14 51 (3.13%) Bigtable
15 47 (2.89%) Data Mining
16 39 (2.40%) Amazon QuickSight
17 32 (1.97%) Metadata
18 28 (1.72%) MongoDB
19 24 (1.47%) Azure SQL Database
20 23 (1.41%) SQL Server Integration Services
Development Applications
1 92 (5.65%) Jenkins
2 81 (4.98%) Git
3 20 (1.23%) JIRA
4 14 (0.86%) GitLab
5 13 (0.80%) Cypress.io
6 10 (0.61%) Sonatype Nexus
7 9 (0.55%) Spinnaker
8 8 (0.49%) MLflow
9 7 (0.43%) git-flow
9 7 (0.43%) Moq
10 6 (0.37%) Selenium
11 5 (0.31%) Gradle
11 5 (0.31%) Maven
11 5 (0.31%) Oracle Forms
12 4 (0.25%) CMake
12 4 (0.25%) RStudio
12 4 (0.25%) Visual Studio Code
13 3 (0.18%) CircleCI
13 3 (0.18%) JUnit
14 2 (0.12%) Visual Studio
General
1 700 (43.00%) Finance
2 399 (24.51%) Social Skills
3 333 (20.45%) Banking
4 254 (15.60%) Analytical Skills
5 173 (10.63%) Inclusion and Diversity
6 134 (8.23%) Retail
7 121 (7.43%) Marketing
8 68 (4.18%) Law
9 58 (3.56%) Legal
10 52 (3.19%) Presentation Skills
11 50 (3.07%) Manufacturing
12 48 (2.95%) Public Sector
13 39 (2.40%) Electronics
13 39 (2.40%) Front Office
14 29 (1.78%) Influencing Skills
15 23 (1.41%) Financial Institution
15 23 (1.41%) Telecoms
16 22 (1.35%) Automotive
17 20 (1.23%) Aviation
18 19 (1.17%) Pharmaceutical
Job Titles
1 339 (20.82%) Senior
2 271 (16.65%) Architect
3 216 (13.27%) Lead
4 190 (11.67%) Data Scientist
5 178 (10.93%) Data Engineer
6 165 (10.14%) Analyst
7 161 (9.89%) Developer
8 126 (7.74%) Enterprise Architect
8 126 (7.74%) Software Engineer
9 79 (4.85%) Data Architect
10 75 (4.61%) Senior Data Scientist
11 74 (4.55%) Solutions Architect
12 72 (4.42%) Data Analyst
13 63 (3.87%) Product Owner
14 57 (3.50%) Senior Developer
15 45 (2.76%) Machine Learning Engineer
16 43 (2.64%) DevOps Engineer
17 41 (2.52%) Commercial Architect
17 41 (2.52%) Python Engineer
18 40 (2.46%) Lead Data Engineer
Libraries, Frameworks & Software Standards
1 162 (9.95%) Kafka
2 127 (7.80%) .NET
3 109 (6.70%) PyTorch
4 105 (6.45%) TensorFlow
5 102 (6.27%) HTML
6 98 (6.02%) OpenID
7 92 (5.65%) React
8 64 (3.93%) Node.js
9 63 (3.87%) scikit-learn
10 61 (3.75%) Pandas
11 60 (3.69%) REST
12 54 (3.32%) PySpark
13 50 (3.07%) CSS
13 50 (3.07%) Web Services
14 46 (2.83%) NumPy
15 42 (2.58%) JWT
16 34 (2.09%) AngularJS
17 30 (1.84%) Keras
18 24 (1.47%) Django
19 21 (1.29%) JSON
Miscellaneous
1 245 (15.05%) Algorithms
2 159 (9.77%) Public Cloud
3 126 (7.74%) Blockchain
4 114 (7.00%) Product Ownership
5 102 (6.27%) Mainframe
6 89 (5.47%) Cloud Native
7 65 (3.99%) IoT
8 64 (3.93%) Cyberattack
9 42 (2.58%) Data Structures
10 40 (2.46%) Greenfield Project
10 40 (2.46%) Self-Motivation
11 39 (2.40%) Fixed Income
12 38 (2.33%) Onboarding
13 37 (2.27%) Derivative
13 37 (2.27%) Hedge funds
14 32 (1.97%) Equities
15 31 (1.90%) Data Centre
15 31 (1.90%) Foreign Exchange (FX)
16 29 (1.78%) Management Information System
17 28 (1.72%) Linux Command Line
Operating Systems
1 108 (6.63%) Unix
2 97 (5.96%) Linux
3 36 (2.21%) Android
4 28 (1.72%) Apple iOS
5 22 (1.35%) Windows
6 5 (0.31%) Ubuntu
7 2 (0.12%) VMS
7 2 (0.12%) Windows 10
7 2 (0.12%) Windows Server
7 2 (0.12%) Windows Server 2012
8 1 (0.061%) CentOS
8 1 (0.061%) Mac OS
8 1 (0.061%) Windows Server 2016
8 1 (0.061%) Windows Server 2019
Processes & Methodologies
1 886 (54.42%) Artificial Intelligence
2 688 (42.26%) Agile
3 614 (37.71%) Analytics
4 538 (33.05%) Data Science
5 330 (20.27%) Visualisation
6 319 (19.59%) Business Intelligence
7 305 (18.73%) Problem-Solving
8 298 (18.30%) Roadmaps
9 279 (17.14%) Computer Science
10 278 (17.08%) Software Engineering
11 267 (16.40%) DevOps
12 240 (14.74%) CI/CD
13 234 (14.37%) ETL
14 232 (14.25%) Mentoring
15 230 (14.13%) Data Pipeline
16 226 (13.88%) Microservices
17 220 (13.51%) Data Engineering
18 207 (12.71%) Data Modelling
19 194 (11.92%) Data Visualisation
20 193 (11.86%) Data Analytics
Programming Languages
1 728 (44.72%) Python
2 469 (28.81%) SQL
3 220 (13.51%) Java
4 195 (11.98%) JavaScript
5 179 (11.00%) R
6 141 (8.66%) C#
7 97 (5.96%) C++
8 91 (5.59%) TypeScript
9 72 (4.42%) Go
10 69 (4.24%) Scala
11 51 (3.13%) C
12 43 (2.64%) MATLAB
13 34 (2.09%) Rust
14 27 (1.66%) Bash
14 27 (1.66%) PowerShell
14 27 (1.66%) T-SQL
15 18 (1.11%) Kotlin
16 16 (0.98%) Ruby
17 12 (0.74%) PHP
18 10 (0.61%) Clojure
Qualifications
1 408 (25.06%) Degree
2 142 (8.72%) Security Cleared
3 135 (8.29%) Master's Degree
4 106 (6.51%) Computer Science Degree
5 88 (5.41%) DV Cleared
6 79 (4.85%) PhD
7 43 (2.64%) SC Cleared
8 41 (2.52%) AWS Certification
9 23 (1.41%) AWS Certified Cloud Practitioner
9 23 (1.41%) AWS Certified Developer
9 23 (1.41%) AWS Certified Solutions Architect
9 23 (1.41%) Azure Certification
10 21 (1.29%) Numerate Degree
11 12 (0.74%) Microsoft Certification
12 9 (0.55%) DBS Check
13 6 (0.37%) CCNA
13 6 (0.37%) Cisco Certification
14 4 (0.25%) BPSS Clearance
15 2 (0.12%) PMI Certification
15 2 (0.12%) TOGAF Certification
Quality Assurance & Compliance
1 77 (4.73%) Data Quality
2 49 (3.01%) QA
3 18 (1.11%) PMO
4 12 (0.74%) GDPR
5 10 (0.61%) Accessibility
6 7 (0.43%) Actionable Recommendations
7 3 (0.18%) SLA
8 2 (0.12%) IFRS
8 2 (0.12%) IFRS 9
8 2 (0.12%) ISO 9001
9 1 (0.061%) California Consumer Privacy Act
9 1 (0.061%) Def Stans
9 1 (0.061%) IEC 61508
9 1 (0.061%) ISO/IEC 27001
9 1 (0.061%) JTAG
9 1 (0.061%) SNOMED CT
9 1 (0.061%) Software Quality Assurance
9 1 (0.061%) TickIT
System Software
1 140 (8.60%) Docker
2 6 (0.37%) Active Directory
3 5 (0.31%) Virtual Machines
3 5 (0.31%) VMware Infrastructure
4 4 (0.25%) HDFS
5 3 (0.18%) Firmware
5 3 (0.18%) IAG
5 3 (0.18%) KVM
5 3 (0.18%) VMware ESXi
6 1 (0.061%) Slurm Workload Manager
Systems Management
1 198 (12.16%) Kubernetes
2 143 (8.78%) Terraform
3 45 (2.76%) Ansible
4 20 (1.23%) Puppet
5 9 (0.55%) Progress Chef
6 8 (0.49%) Prometheus
7 6 (0.37%) Grafana
8 4 (0.25%) Nagios
9 3 (0.18%) vCenter Server
9 3 (0.18%) vRealize
10 2 (0.12%) Istio
10 2 (0.12%) Kustomize
10 2 (0.12%) Oracle Identity Management
11 1 (0.061%) Docker Swarm
11 1 (0.061%) Kubeflow
11 1 (0.061%) Mesos
11 1 (0.061%) Oozie
11 1 (0.061%) Rancher
Vendors
1 174 (10.69%) Google
2 123 (7.56%) Databricks
3 114 (7.00%) Microsoft
4 33 (2.03%) SAP
5 24 (1.47%) Alteryx
5 24 (1.47%) IBM
5 24 (1.47%) Oracle
6 20 (1.23%) Dataiku
7 17 (1.04%) Dell
8 16 (0.98%) OpenAI
9 13 (0.80%) ESRI
10 12 (0.74%) Teradata
11 11 (0.68%) Confluent
12 10 (0.61%) YouTube
13 8 (0.49%) Informatica
14 7 (0.43%) Revolut
14 7 (0.43%) Splunk
14 7 (0.43%) Spotify
15 6 (0.37%) Facebook
15 6 (0.37%) Remedy