Machine Learning (ML)
UK

The following table provides summary statistics for permanent job vacancies with a requirement for Machine Learning skills. Included is a benchmarking guide to the salaries offered in vacancies that have cited Machine Learning over the 6 months to 27 April 2024 with a comparison to the same period in the previous 2 years.

6 months to
27 Apr 2024
Same period 2023 Same period 2022
Rank 71 101 59
Rank change year-on-year +30 -42 +21
Permanent jobs citing Machine Learning 3,516 3,557 8,251
As % of all permanent jobs advertised in the UK 3.59% 3.40% 5.35%
As % of the Processes & Methodologies category 4.17% 3.55% 5.60%
Number of salaries quoted 1,614 1,658 2,721
10th Percentile £43,750 £45,000 £42,500
25th Percentile £52,500 £55,000 £53,750
Median annual salary (50th Percentile) £70,000 £70,000 £72,500
Median % change year-on-year - -3.45% +14.17%
75th Percentile £92,500 £87,500 £90,000
90th Percentile £112,500 £108,569 £110,000
UK excluding London median annual salary £62,500 £65,000 £60,000
% change year-on-year -3.85% +8.33% +9.09%

All Process and Methodology Skills
UK

Machine Learning is in the Processes and Methodologies category. The following table is for comparison with the above and provides summary statistics for all permanent job vacancies with a requirement for process or methodology skills.

Permanent vacancies with a requirement for process or methodology skills 84,305 100,095 147,310
As % of all permanent jobs advertised in the UK 85.99% 95.64% 95.57%
Number of salaries quoted 59,591 58,745 83,129
10th Percentile £29,000 £34,000 £33,500
25th Percentile £40,000 £45,000 £43,750
Median annual salary (50th Percentile) £55,000 £62,000 £60,000
Median % change year-on-year -11.29% +3.33% +9.09%
75th Percentile £72,500 £82,500 £80,000
90th Percentile £92,500 £100,000 £96,250
UK excluding London median annual salary £50,000 £55,000 £52,500
% change year-on-year -9.09% +4.76% +9.38%

Machine Learning
Job Vacancy Trend

Job postings citing Machine Learning as a proportion of all IT jobs advertised.

Job vacancy trend for Machine Learning in the UK

Machine Learning
Salary Trend

3-month moving average salary quoted in jobs citing Machine Learning.

Salary trend for Machine Learning in the UK

Machine Learning
Salary Histogram

Salary distribution for jobs citing Machine Learning over the 6 months to 27 April 2024.

Salary histogram for Machine Learning in the UK

Machine Learning
Top 19 Job Locations

The table below looks at the demand and provides a guide to the median salaries quoted in IT jobs citing Machine Learning within the UK over the 6 months to 27 April 2024. The 'Rank Change' column provides an indication of the change in demand within each location based on the same 6 month period last year.

Location Rank Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Matching
Permanent
IT Job Ads
Median Salary
Past 6 Months
Median Salary
% Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Live
Jobs
UK excluding London +33 2,521 £62,500 -3.85% 462
England -26 1,961 £70,000 - 930
Scotland +68 1,460 £70,288 +8.14% 32
Work from Home -16 900 £65,000 -6.40% 496
London +15 895 £85,000 +12.84% 480
South East +1 342 £65,000 -7.14% 140
South West -24 230 £65,000 - 58
North of England -130 193 £57,500 -7.02% 82
Midlands -45 171 £57,500 - 43
West Midlands -31 130 £57,500 +6.98% 29
North West -105 112 £60,000 +4.35% 51
East of England -25 98 £70,000 +3.70% 103
Yorkshire -72 68 £57,500 -17.20% 26
East Midlands -32 41 £47,500 -33.33% 14
Wales -2 15 £60,000 +9.01% 10
North East -17 13 £47,500 -26.92% 5
Northern Ireland +34 9 £100,000 +33.33% 11
Channel Islands - 2 - -
Isle of Man - 2 £82,500 -

Machine Learning
Co-occurring Skills and Capabilities by Category

The follow tables expand on the table above by listing co-occurrences grouped by category. The same employment type, locality and period is covered with up to 20 co-occurrences shown in each of the following categories:

Application Platforms
1 391 (11.12%) Apache Spark
2 151 (4.29%) Apache
3 131 (3.73%) Apache Airflow
4 99 (2.82%) FileNet
5 60 (1.71%) SAS
6 26 (0.74%) Confluence
7 19 (0.54%) SharePoint
8 13 (0.37%) Jupyter
9 11 (0.31%) CICS
9 11 (0.31%) nginx
10 5 (0.14%) Appian
10 5 (0.14%) WordPress
11 3 (0.085%) Alfresco
11 3 (0.085%) CMS
11 3 (0.085%) Documentum
11 3 (0.085%) IIS
11 3 (0.085%) Kinematics
12 2 (0.057%) ArcGIS
13 1 (0.028%) Microsoft Exchange
13 1 (0.028%) Tuxedo
Applications
1 62 (1.76%) Microsoft Excel
2 49 (1.39%) Simulink
3 21 (0.60%) Microsoft Office
4 19 (0.54%) Microsoft PowerPoint
5 9 (0.26%) MS Visio
6 7 (0.20%) Microsoft Project
7 6 (0.17%) Chatbot
7 6 (0.17%) EViews
7 6 (0.17%) Stateflow
8 4 (0.11%) Spreadsheet
8 4 (0.11%) Trello
9 2 (0.057%) SPSS
10 1 (0.028%) Blender
Business Applications
1 13 (0.37%) Aladdin
2 8 (0.23%) Siebel CRM
3 3 (0.085%) Sparx Enterprise Architect
4 2 (0.057%) Magento
5 1 (0.028%) Data Workbench
5 1 (0.028%) Dynamics CRM
5 1 (0.028%) Dynamics NAV
5 1 (0.028%) Salesforce CRM
5 1 (0.028%) SAP Business One
5 1 (0.028%) SAP S/4HANA
Cloud Services
1 1,284 (36.52%) AWS
2 834 (23.72%) Azure
3 369 (10.49%) GCP
4 366 (10.41%) Power Platform
5 138 (3.92%) GitHub
6 120 (3.41%) SaaS
7 119 (3.38%) Amazon S3
8 115 (3.27%) Cloud Computing
9 93 (2.65%) Serverless
10 90 (2.56%) Snowflake
11 87 (2.47%) Azure DevOps
12 83 (2.36%) Azure Data Factory
13 79 (2.25%) Datadog
14 71 (2.02%) Azure Synapse Analytics
15 67 (1.91%) Matillion
16 58 (1.65%) Azure Machine Learning
17 57 (1.62%) Azure Cosmos DB
18 55 (1.56%) Amazon CloudWatch
19 48 (1.37%) PowerApps
20 45 (1.28%) Amazon EKS
Communications & Networking
1 31 (0.88%) DNS
2 28 (0.80%) HTTP
3 20 (0.57%) Firewall
4 18 (0.51%) DSL
5 15 (0.43%) Network Security
6 14 (0.40%) TCP/IP
7 13 (0.37%) VPN
8 12 (0.34%) Internet
9 11 (0.31%) Wireless
10 9 (0.26%) LAN
10 9 (0.26%) WAN
10 9 (0.26%) WLAN
11 8 (0.23%) MQTT
12 7 (0.20%) OpenVPN
13 5 (0.14%) Modbus
13 5 (0.14%) SSL
14 4 (0.11%) SD-WAN
14 4 (0.11%) ZigBee
15 3 (0.085%) GPRS
15 3 (0.085%) NaaS
Database & Business Intelligence
1 507 (14.42%) NoSQL
2 357 (10.15%) Big Data
3 342 (9.73%) Power BI
4 273 (7.76%) Data Warehouse
5 250 (7.11%) SQL Server
6 237 (6.74%) Data Lake
7 177 (5.03%) Tableau
8 173 (4.92%) Hadoop
9 153 (4.35%) Elasticsearch
10 137 (3.90%) Apache Hive
11 134 (3.81%) Apache Cassandra
12 121 (3.44%) PostgreSQL
13 111 (3.16%) SQL Server Integration Services
14 104 (2.96%) HBase
15 93 (2.65%) MongoDB
16 86 (2.45%) Relational Database
17 71 (2.02%) Apache Ignite
18 64 (1.82%) Data Mining
19 63 (1.79%) MySQL
20 42 (1.19%) Star Schema
Development Applications
1 298 (8.48%) Git
2 200 (5.69%) JUnit
3 198 (5.63%) Jenkins
4 123 (3.50%) Cypress.io
5 104 (2.96%) Jasmine
6 86 (2.45%) Bitbucket Server
7 84 (2.39%) Selenium
8 60 (1.71%) Karma Test Runner
8 60 (1.71%) Protractor
8 60 (1.71%) WebDriver
9 52 (1.48%) JIRA
10 45 (1.28%) GitLab
11 44 (1.25%) Mockito
12 24 (0.68%) Android Studio
13 20 (0.57%) SoapUI
14 18 (0.51%) JMeter
15 17 (0.48%) CircleCI
16 16 (0.46%) MLflow
17 11 (0.31%) ChangeMan
17 11 (0.31%) Vagrant
General
1 2,038 (57.96%) Finance
2 1,556 (44.25%) Inclusion and Diversity
3 1,482 (42.15%) Law
4 773 (21.99%) Marketing
5 753 (21.42%) Social Skills
6 516 (14.68%) Legal
7 513 (14.59%) Banking
8 305 (8.67%) Analytical Skills
9 290 (8.25%) Investment Banking
10 239 (6.80%) Retail
11 193 (5.49%) Public Sector
12 117 (3.33%) Front Office
13 116 (3.30%) Presentation Skills
14 93 (2.65%) Influencing Skills
15 91 (2.59%) Financial Institution
16 87 (2.47%) Games
17 56 (1.59%) Manufacturing
18 37 (1.05%) Organisational Skills
19 33 (0.94%) Automotive
19 33 (0.94%) Electronics
Job Titles
1 1,490 (42.38%) Software Engineer
2 607 (17.26%) Lead
3 606 (17.24%) Senior
4 585 (16.64%) Java Engineer
5 579 (16.47%) Java Software Engineer
6 458 (13.03%) Developer
7 400 (11.38%) Lead Software Engineer
8 345 (9.81%) Data Engineer
9 321 (9.13%) Python Engineer
10 291 (8.28%) Data Scientist
11 280 (7.96%) Full Stack Engineer
12 271 (7.71%) Python Software Engineer
13 270 (7.68%) Full Stack Software Engineer
14 227 (6.46%) Architect
15 202 (5.75%) AWS Engineer
16 190 (5.40%) AWS Software Engineer
17 170 (4.84%) Senior Software Engineer
18 152 (4.32%) Lead Java Engineer
18 152 (4.32%) Senior Data Scientist
19 149 (4.24%) Developer/Software Engineer
Libraries, Frameworks & Software Standards
1 529 (15.05%) React
2 409 (11.63%) Spring
3 349 (9.93%) AngularJS
4 312 (8.87%) Kafka
5 249 (7.08%) HTML
6 219 (6.23%) J2EE
7 208 (5.92%) CSS
8 199 (5.66%) Node.js
9 178 (5.06%) Hibernate
10 170 (4.84%) JMS
11 164 (4.66%) Twitter Bootstrap
12 160 (4.55%) JSON
13 158 (4.49%) TensorFlow
14 155 (4.41%) PySpark
15 140 (3.98%) .NET
16 134 (3.81%) Spring Boot
17 133 (3.78%) jQuery
18 131 (3.73%) PyTorch
19 116 (3.30%) Pandas
20 110 (3.13%) GraphQL
Miscellaneous
1 944 (26.85%) Algorithms
2 501 (14.25%) Cloud Native
3 208 (5.92%) Data Structures
4 197 (5.60%) Onboarding
5 191 (5.43%) Public Cloud
6 169 (4.81%) Product Ownership
7 120 (3.41%) Hedge funds
8 116 (3.30%) Fixed Income
9 109 (3.10%) Management Information System
10 84 (2.39%) Equities
11 67 (1.91%) Self-Motivation
12 64 (1.82%) IoT
13 60 (1.71%) Foreign Exchange (FX)
14 54 (1.54%) Distributed Systems
15 47 (1.34%) Derivative
15 47 (1.34%) Reference Data
16 43 (1.22%) Legacy Code
17 41 (1.17%) Credit Risk
18 38 (1.08%) Blockchain
18 38 (1.08%) Taxonomies
Operating Systems
1 174 (4.95%) Linux
2 157 (4.47%) Unix
3 63 (1.79%) Windows
4 47 (1.34%) Android
5 17 (0.48%) CentOS
6 14 (0.40%) Windows Server
7 13 (0.37%) Embedded Linux
8 12 (0.34%) Apple iOS
8 12 (0.34%) Red Hat Enterprise Linux
9 10 (0.28%) Ubuntu
10 7 (0.20%) Windows Server 2019
11 6 (0.17%) Windows Server 2016
12 2 (0.057%) Mac OS
13 1 (0.028%) Solaris
13 1 (0.028%) VMS
13 1 (0.028%) Windows 10
13 1 (0.028%) Windows Server 2003
Processes & Methodologies
1 2,693 (76.59%) Artificial Intelligence
2 1,922 (54.66%) Agile
3 1,803 (51.28%) Software Engineering
4 1,443 (41.04%) CI/CD
5 1,288 (36.63%) SDLC
6 1,211 (34.44%) Operational Stability
7 983 (27.96%) Visualisation
8 900 (25.60%) Data Science
9 898 (25.54%) Community of Practice
10 784 (22.30%) Analytics
11 738 (20.99%) Continuous Improvement
12 604 (17.18%) Computer Science
13 579 (16.47%) Decision-Making
14 533 (15.16%) Problem-Solving
15 522 (14.85%) Risk Management
16 480 (13.65%) Business Intelligence
17 450 (12.80%) Full Stack Development
18 437 (12.43%) Microservices
19 428 (12.17%) ETL
20 363 (10.32%) Data Modelling
Programming Languages
1 1,737 (49.40%) Python
2 1,408 (40.05%) SQL
3 1,263 (35.92%) Java
4 404 (11.49%) JavaScript
5 374 (10.64%) TypeScript
6 225 (6.40%) C#
7 157 (4.47%) R
8 156 (4.44%) Scala
9 128 (3.64%) C++
10 106 (3.01%) PL/SQL
11 94 (2.67%) C
12 66 (1.88%) Kotlin
13 65 (1.85%) MATLAB
14 59 (1.68%) Go
15 54 (1.54%) T-SQL
16 31 (0.88%) Haskell
17 26 (0.74%) Fortran
18 25 (0.71%) Bash
18 25 (0.71%) Data Analysis Expressions
19 21 (0.60%) PowerShell
Qualifications
1 792 (22.53%) Degree
2 236 (6.71%) Master's Degree
3 225 (6.40%) Computer Science Degree
4 192 (5.46%) Security Cleared
5 167 (4.75%) PhD
6 108 (3.07%) SC Cleared
7 53 (1.51%) DV Cleared
8 39 (1.11%) DBS Check
9 29 (0.82%) Microsoft Certification
9 29 (0.82%) PMI Certification
10 25 (0.71%) AWS Certification
11 21 (0.60%) BPSS Clearance
12 19 (0.54%) Numerate Degree
13 18 (0.51%) Azure Certification
14 15 (0.43%) CISM
15 14 (0.40%) CISSP
16 10 (0.28%) MBA
17 9 (0.26%) CRISC
18 6 (0.17%) CISA
18 6 (0.17%) Network+ Certification
Quality Assurance & Compliance
1 143 (4.07%) Data Quality
2 76 (2.16%) QA
3 59 (1.68%) Accessibility
4 53 (1.51%) GDPR
5 20 (0.57%) SLA
6 15 (0.43%) California Consumer Privacy Act
7 10 (0.28%) NIST
7 10 (0.28%) PMO
8 6 (0.17%) Def Stans
8 6 (0.17%) IEC 61508
9 5 (0.14%) PCI DSS
10 4 (0.11%) Actionable Recommendations
10 4 (0.11%) COBIT
11 3 (0.085%) GRC
12 2 (0.057%) SNOMED CT
13 1 (0.028%) HIPAA
13 1 (0.028%) ISO/IEC 27001
13 1 (0.028%) JSP 440
System Software
1 165 (4.69%) Docker
2 112 (3.19%) HDFS
3 24 (0.68%) Virtual Machines
4 21 (0.60%) Firmware
5 11 (0.31%) Time Sharing Option
6 6 (0.17%) Active Directory
6 6 (0.17%) VMware Infrastructure
7 4 (0.11%) Hyper-V
8 2 (0.057%) IAG
9 1 (0.028%) KVM
9 1 (0.028%) Slurm Workload Manager
9 1 (0.028%) VMware ESXi
Systems Management
1 352 (10.01%) Kubernetes
2 324 (9.22%) Terraform
3 95 (2.70%) Grafana
4 35 (1.00%) Ansible
5 23 (0.65%) Prometheus
6 12 (0.34%) Microsoft Intune
7 7 (0.20%) Argo
7 7 (0.20%) Graphite
8 6 (0.17%) Kubeflow
9 4 (0.11%) Progress Chef
10 2 (0.057%) Core Impact
10 2 (0.057%) Podman
10 2 (0.057%) Puppet
11 1 (0.028%) Avamar
11 1 (0.028%) Consul
11 1 (0.028%) Oracle Identity Management
11 1 (0.028%) Rancher
11 1 (0.028%) Salt
11 1 (0.028%) vCenter Server
11 1 (0.028%) vRealize
Vendors
1 442 (12.57%) Databricks
2 362 (10.30%) Microsoft
3 288 (8.19%) Oracle
4 198 (5.63%) Google
5 102 (2.90%) Splunk
6 98 (2.79%) Alteryx
7 93 (2.65%) Informatica
8 89 (2.53%) Dynatrace
9 82 (2.33%) Cloudera
10 29 (0.82%) OpenAI
11 26 (0.74%) Dell
12 25 (0.71%) Salesforce
13 23 (0.65%) SAP
13 23 (0.65%) Xilinx
14 21 (0.60%) Dataiku
15 19 (0.54%) Bloomberg
16 18 (0.51%) Cognos
16 18 (0.51%) SaltStack
16 18 (0.51%) Sybase
17 15 (0.43%) Pega