CSS (Cascading Style Sheets)
UK

The following table provides summary statistics for permanent job vacancies with a requirement for CSS skills. Included is a benchmarking guide to the salaries offered in vacancies that have cited CSS over the 6 months to 19 April 2024 with a comparison to the same period in the previous 2 years.

6 months to
19 Apr 2024
Same period 2023 Same period 2022
Rank 58 45 34
Rank change year-on-year -13 -11 -10
Permanent jobs citing CSS 4,088 6,692 12,918
As % of all permanent jobs advertised in the UK 4.21% 6.28% 8.44%
As % of the Libraries, Frameworks & Software Standards category 19.53% 20.62% 21.12%
Number of salaries quoted 2,888 3,411 6,169
10th Percentile £31,500 £37,500 £32,500
25th Percentile £38,938 £43,875 £40,000
Median annual salary (50th Percentile) £52,500 £57,500 £55,000
Median % change year-on-year -8.70% +4.55% +10.00%
75th Percentile £68,750 £76,250 £70,000
90th Percentile £81,250 £92,500 £86,250
UK excluding London median annual salary £50,000 £52,500 £48,500
% change year-on-year -4.76% +8.25% +7.78%

All Software Libraries and Frameworks
UK

CSS is in the Software Libraries and Frameworks category. The following table is for comparison with the above and provides summary statistics for all permanent job vacancies with a requirement for technical specification, industry standards, software libraries and framework skills.

Permanent vacancies with a requirement for technical specification, industry standards, software libraries and framework skills 20,929 32,454 61,171
As % of all permanent jobs advertised in the UK 21.53% 30.47% 39.95%
Number of salaries quoted 15,703 19,819 30,667
10th Percentile £36,250 £41,250 £37,500
25th Percentile £45,000 £50,000 £47,500
Median annual salary (50th Percentile) £60,000 £67,500 £62,500
Median % change year-on-year -11.11% +8.00% +13.64%
75th Percentile £80,000 £87,500 £82,500
90th Percentile £100,000 £106,250 £100,000
UK excluding London median annual salary £55,000 £57,500 £55,000
% change year-on-year -4.35% +4.55% +10.00%

CSS
Job Vacancy Trend

Job postings citing CSS as a proportion of all IT jobs advertised.

Job vacancy trend for CSS in the UK

CSS
Salary Trend

3-month moving average salary quoted in jobs citing CSS.

Salary trend for CSS in the UK

CSS
Salary Histogram

Salary distribution for jobs citing CSS over the 6 months to 19 April 2024.

Salary histogram for CSS in the UK

CSS
Top 17 Job Locations

The table below looks at the demand and provides a guide to the median salaries quoted in IT jobs citing CSS within the UK over the 6 months to 19 April 2024. The 'Rank Change' column provides an indication of the change in demand within each location based on the same 6 month period last year.

Location Rank Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Matching
Permanent
IT Job Ads
Median Salary
Past 6 Months
Median Salary
% Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Live
Jobs
England -15 3,345 £52,500 -8.70% 932
UK excluding London -18 3,197 £50,000 -4.76% 654
Work from Home -2 1,729 £55,000 -4.35% 458
North of England -17 760 £47,500 -9.52% 190
London -34 755 £70,000 - 334
South East -22 694 £55,000 +7.84% 110
North West -17 494 £50,000 -3.85% 106
Midlands -20 447 £46,000 -16.36% 136
Scotland -7 427 £60,000 +14.29% 52
South West +15 416 £47,500 - 74
East of England +3 282 £50,000 -9.09% 67
East Midlands +6 236 £45,000 -15.09% 55
Yorkshire -9 206 £45,000 -10.00% 61
West Midlands -38 206 £47,500 -13.64% 81
Wales +16 109 £47,500 +5.56% 20
Northern Ireland +12 62 £45,000 -14.29% 13
North East -2 60 £42,500 -22.73% 23

CSS
Co-occurring Skills and Capabilities by Category

The follow tables expand on the table above by listing co-occurrences grouped by category. The same employment type, locality and period is covered with up to 20 co-occurrences shown in each of the following categories:

Application Platforms
1 291 (7.12%) ArcGIS
2 282 (6.90%) GeoServer
3 241 (5.90%) WordPress
4 226 (5.53%) CMS
5 92 (2.25%) SharePoint
6 72 (1.76%) IIS
7 52 (1.27%) Drupal
8 50 (1.22%) FileNet
8 50 (1.22%) Umbraco
9 36 (0.88%) Apache
10 33 (0.81%) nginx
11 25 (0.61%) SAS
12 21 (0.51%) Confluence
13 18 (0.44%) Cloud Foundry
14 15 (0.37%) Apache Solr
15 12 (0.29%) Headless CMS
16 11 (0.27%) Microsoft Exchange
17 10 (0.24%) Moodle
17 10 (0.24%) Sitecore CMS
18 7 (0.17%) Joomla!
Applications
1 62 (1.52%) Photoshop
2 45 (1.10%) Adobe XD
3 35 (0.86%) Microsoft Excel
4 33 (0.81%) Microsoft Office
5 32 (0.78%) Adobe Creative Suite
5 32 (0.78%) Adobe Illustrator
6 24 (0.59%) Sketch
7 11 (0.27%) InVision
8 9 (0.22%) Trello
9 8 (0.20%) Adobe After Effects
9 8 (0.20%) InDesign
9 8 (0.20%) Microsoft PowerPoint
10 7 (0.17%) Acrobat
11 5 (0.12%) Adobe Premiere
12 4 (0.098%) SPSS
13 3 (0.073%) Final Cut Pro
13 3 (0.073%) Spreadsheet
13 3 (0.073%) UserZoom
14 2 (0.049%) FileZilla
15 1 (0.024%) SketchUp
Business Applications
1 63 (1.54%) Magento
2 53 (1.30%) Shopify
3 38 (0.93%) Dynamics CRM
4 25 (0.61%) Remedy ITSM
5 23 (0.56%) SDL Web 8
6 18 (0.44%) Payment Gateway
7 10 (0.24%) Salesforce CRM
8 6 (0.15%) SAP PLM
8 6 (0.15%) Teamcenter
9 5 (0.12%) NetSuite
10 3 (0.073%) Maximo
10 3 (0.073%) Sage 200
10 3 (0.073%) SAP Business One
11 2 (0.049%) CiviCRM
11 2 (0.049%) Dynamics NAV
11 2 (0.049%) nopCommerce
11 2 (0.049%) SAP GRC
12 1 (0.024%) Sage 50
12 1 (0.024%) Towers Watson Igloo
Cloud Services
1 1,498 (36.64%) Azure
2 851 (20.82%) AWS
3 390 (9.54%) Azure DevOps
4 196 (4.79%) Serverless
5 192 (4.70%) IBM Cloud
6 184 (4.50%) SaaS
7 146 (3.57%) Azure Functions
7 146 (3.57%) GitHub
8 135 (3.30%) Azure Service Bus
9 131 (3.20%) Power Platform
10 128 (3.13%) Azure Logic Apps
11 109 (2.67%) Azure API Management
12 93 (2.27%) GCP
13 91 (2.23%) Figma
14 83 (2.03%) Amazon S3
15 67 (1.64%) Power Automate
16 62 (1.52%) PowerApps
17 58 (1.42%) Dynamics 365
18 57 (1.39%) Google Analytics
19 55 (1.35%) Microsoft 365
Communications & Networking
1 81 (1.98%) Internet
2 57 (1.39%) HTTP
3 56 (1.37%) TCP/IP
4 49 (1.20%) DNS
5 38 (0.93%) SSL
6 24 (0.59%) MQTT
7 23 (0.56%) Firewall
7 23 (0.56%) LAN
7 23 (0.56%) WAN
8 17 (0.42%) SNMP
8 17 (0.42%) SSH
8 17 (0.42%) VPN
9 14 (0.34%) Network Security
10 13 (0.32%) Modbus
11 8 (0.20%) Intranet
12 7 (0.17%) OpenVPN
13 6 (0.15%) VoIP
13 6 (0.15%) Wi-Fi
14 5 (0.12%) FTP
14 5 (0.12%) Reverse Proxy
Database & Business Intelligence
1 817 (19.99%) SQL Server
2 678 (16.59%) PostgreSQL
3 488 (11.94%) MySQL
4 387 (9.47%) NoSQL
5 321 (7.85%) Relational Database
6 314 (7.68%) MongoDB
7 312 (7.63%) GIS
8 282 (6.90%) QGIS
9 194 (4.75%) DB2
10 185 (4.53%) Azure SQL Database
11 106 (2.59%) Elasticsearch
12 81 (1.98%) Power BI
13 52 (1.27%) Apache Cassandra
14 45 (1.10%) Redis
15 34 (0.83%) Tableau
16 25 (0.61%) DynamoDB
16 25 (0.61%) Looker
17 24 (0.59%) SQL Server Reporting Services
18 23 (0.56%) MariaDB
18 23 (0.56%) Oracle Database
Development Applications
1 808 (19.77%) Git
2 195 (4.77%) JIRA
3 178 (4.35%) Visual Studio
4 137 (3.35%) JUnit
5 136 (3.33%) Cypress.io
6 112 (2.74%) Selenium
7 97 (2.37%) Jasmine
8 81 (1.98%) Karma Test Runner
9 65 (1.59%) WebDriver
9 65 (1.59%) webpack
10 63 (1.54%) GitLab
11 62 (1.52%) Jenkins
11 62 (1.52%) Protractor
12 55 (1.35%) Bitbucket
13 50 (1.22%) gulp
14 48 (1.17%) Team Foundation Server
14 48 (1.17%) Visual Studio Code
15 40 (0.98%) NUnit
15 40 (0.98%) TeamCity
16 36 (0.88%) Moq
General
1 787 (19.25%) Social Skills
2 580 (14.19%) Finance
3 435 (10.64%) Marketing
4 423 (10.35%) Inclusion and Diversity
5 298 (7.29%) Law
6 296 (7.24%) Public Sector
7 206 (5.04%) Analytical Skills
8 203 (4.97%) Banking
9 169 (4.13%) Retail
10 99 (2.42%) Legal
11 90 (2.20%) Investment Banking
12 75 (1.83%) Advertising
13 68 (1.66%) Games
14 56 (1.37%) Manufacturing
15 48 (1.17%) Telecoms
16 40 (0.98%) Organisational Skills
17 33 (0.81%) Electronics
18 26 (0.64%) Presentation Skills
18 26 (0.64%) Tech for Good
19 25 (0.61%) Publishing
Job Titles
1 2,637 (64.51%) Developer
2 899 (21.99%) Senior
3 716 (17.51%) Software Engineer
4 548 (13.41%) .NET Developer
5 498 (12.18%) Full Stack Developer
6 487 (11.91%) Senior Developer
7 324 (7.93%) Software Developer
8 309 (7.56%) Front-End Developer (Client-Side Developer)
8 309 (7.56%) Lead
9 291 (7.12%) PHP Developer
10 277 (6.78%) Senior Software Engineer
11 248 (6.07%) C# Developer
12 235 (5.75%) Full Stack Engineer
13 220 (5.38%) Web Developer
14 165 (4.04%) C# .NET Developer
15 158 (3.86%) Azure Developer
16 139 (3.40%) React Developer
17 128 (3.13%) Lead Software Engineer
18 122 (2.98%) Lead Developer
19 115 (2.81%) Java Engineer
Libraries, Frameworks & Software Standards
1 3,493 (85.45%) HTML
2 1,775 (43.42%) .NET
3 1,712 (41.88%) React
4 1,096 (26.81%) AngularJS
5 883 (21.60%) jQuery
6 865 (21.16%) ASP.NET
7 818 (20.01%) .NET Core
8 798 (19.52%) HTML5
9 658 (16.10%) Node.js
9 658 (16.10%) Vue
10 594 (14.53%) Twitter Bootstrap
11 570 (13.94%) CSS3
12 525 (12.84%) REST
13 524 (12.82%) Web Services
14 422 (10.32%) Entity Framework
15 409 (10.00%) .NET Framework
16 406 (9.93%) RESTful
17 376 (9.20%) ASP.NET MVC
18 364 (8.90%) JSON
19 356 (8.71%) Laravel
Miscellaneous
1 329 (8.05%) Data Structures
2 295 (7.22%) Algorithms
3 203 (4.97%) Blockchain
4 192 (4.70%) Hybrid Cloud
5 157 (3.84%) Greenfield Project
6 135 (3.30%) Cloud Native
7 128 (3.13%) Mobile App
8 118 (2.89%) Self-Motivation
9 105 (2.57%) Product Ownership
10 89 (2.18%) e-Learning
11 63 (1.54%) CMDB
12 59 (1.44%) Onboarding
13 48 (1.17%) IoT
13 48 (1.17%) Public Cloud
14 47 (1.15%) Legacy Systems
15 43 (1.05%) Enterprise Software
16 42 (1.03%) Management Information System
17 40 (0.98%) Virtual Team
18 38 (0.93%) Low-Code
18 38 (0.93%) Social Media
Operating Systems
1 398 (9.74%) Linux
2 340 (8.32%) Windows
3 253 (6.19%) Android
4 244 (5.97%) Apple iOS
5 21 (0.51%) Unix
6 10 (0.24%) Windows Server
7 9 (0.22%) Mac OS
7 9 (0.22%) Ubuntu
8 7 (0.17%) CentOS
9 4 (0.098%) AIX
9 4 (0.098%) Red Hat Enterprise Linux
10 3 (0.073%) VMS
11 2 (0.049%) Mac OS X
Processes & Methodologies
1 1,695 (41.46%) Agile
2 1,298 (31.75%) Full Stack Development
3 1,148 (28.08%) Web Development
4 1,003 (24.54%) Software Engineering
5 971 (23.75%) DevOps
6 901 (22.04%) MVC
7 767 (18.76%) User Experience
8 744 (18.20%) Problem-Solving
9 622 (15.22%) Front End Development
10 481 (11.77%) Artificial Intelligence
11 440 (10.76%) CI/CD
11 440 (10.76%) TDD
12 427 (10.45%) OO
13 423 (10.35%) OOP
14 410 (10.03%) Design Patterns
15 396 (9.69%) Mentoring
16 392 (9.59%) Computer Science
17 346 (8.46%) E-Commerce
18 318 (7.78%) Actionable Insight
19 311 (7.61%) Responsive Web Design
Programming Languages
1 3,396 (83.07%) JavaScript
2 1,760 (43.05%) C#
3 1,357 (33.19%) SQL
4 799 (19.55%) TypeScript
5 733 (17.93%) PHP
6 718 (17.56%) Python
7 616 (15.07%) Java
8 184 (4.50%) T-SQL
9 64 (1.57%) PowerShell
10 57 (1.39%) C++
11 48 (1.17%) Go
12 43 (1.05%) C
12 43 (1.05%) Ruby
13 42 (1.03%) VB.NET
14 37 (0.91%) VB
15 32 (0.78%) JSX
16 25 (0.61%) Kotlin
16 25 (0.61%) VBA
17 24 (0.59%) PL/SQL
18 23 (0.56%) XAML
Qualifications
1 624 (15.26%) Degree
2 363 (8.88%) Security Cleared
3 335 (8.19%) SC Cleared
4 208 (5.09%) Computer Science Degree
5 62 (1.52%) Microsoft Certification
6 27 (0.66%) BPSS Clearance
7 21 (0.51%) CTC Cleared
7 21 (0.51%) Master's Degree
8 18 (0.44%) DBS Check
9 12 (0.29%) Postgraduate
10 11 (0.27%) Azure Certification
11 6 (0.15%) HND
11 6 (0.15%) ITIL Foundation Certificate
12 4 (0.098%) ISEB
12 4 (0.098%) ISTQB
12 4 (0.098%) MCT
12 4 (0.098%) PMI Certification
13 3 (0.073%) AWS Certification
13 3 (0.073%) MCPD
14 2 (0.049%) MCP
Quality Assurance & Compliance
1 213 (5.21%) Accessibility
2 175 (4.28%) QA
3 79 (1.93%) WCAG
4 32 (0.78%) PMO
5 26 (0.64%) GDPR
6 23 (0.56%) SLA
7 19 (0.46%) WAI
8 4 (0.098%) Data Quality
8 4 (0.098%) GRC
8 4 (0.098%) ISO/IEC 27001
8 4 (0.098%) PCI DSS
9 3 (0.073%) HIPAA
9 3 (0.073%) ISO 9001
9 3 (0.073%) MiFID
10 2 (0.049%) Cyber Essentials
10 2 (0.049%) HL7
11 1 (0.024%) ISO 13485
11 1 (0.024%) NIST
11 1 (0.024%) Software Quality Assurance
System Software
1 261 (6.38%) Docker
2 24 (0.59%) Active Directory
3 16 (0.39%) Firmware
4 5 (0.12%) VMware Infrastructure
5 2 (0.049%) Terminal Services
5 2 (0.049%) Virtual Desktop
6 1 (0.024%) NFS
6 1 (0.024%) Varnish
Systems Management
1 208 (5.09%) Kubernetes
2 36 (0.88%) Terraform
3 22 (0.54%) Single Sign-On
4 13 (0.32%) WMI
5 10 (0.24%) MIIS
6 9 (0.22%) HP UCMDB
7 6 (0.15%) cPanel
8 5 (0.12%) Ansible
9 3 (0.073%) Galera Cluster
9 3 (0.073%) logstash
10 2 (0.049%) Active Directory Federation Services
10 2 (0.049%) Istio
10 2 (0.049%) Nagios
10 2 (0.049%) Plesk
10 2 (0.049%) Progress Chef
10 2 (0.049%) Puppet
10 2 (0.049%) RSA Archer
11 1 (0.024%) Kibana
11 1 (0.024%) systemd
11 1 (0.024%) TeamSite
Vendors
1 585 (14.31%) Microsoft
2 292 (7.14%) ESRI
3 215 (5.26%) Oracle
4 194 (4.75%) Red Hat
5 192 (4.70%) IBM
6 159 (3.89%) Adobe
7 130 (3.18%) Google
8 65 (1.59%) ServiceNow
9 53 (1.30%) Facebook
10 50 (1.22%) WooCommerce
11 47 (1.15%) Salesforce
12 46 (1.13%) SAP
13 38 (0.93%) Atlassian
14 35 (0.86%) Xamarin
15 28 (0.68%) HP
16 25 (0.61%) BMC
16 25 (0.61%) Remedy
17 19 (0.46%) Splunk
18 16 (0.39%) F5
18 16 (0.39%) OpenAI