SQL (Structured Query Language)
UK

The table below provides summary statistics for permanent job vacancies requiring SQL skills. It includes a benchmarking guide to the annual salaries offered in vacancies that cited SQL over the 6 months leading up to 1 May 2025, comparing them to the same period in the previous two years.

6 months to
1 May 2025
Same period 2024 Same period 2023
Rank 13 10 8
Rank change year-on-year -3 -2 +1
Permanent jobs citing SQL 5,030 12,228 17,282
As % of all permanent jobs advertised in the UK 9.67% 12.42% 16.63%
As % of the Programming Languages category 32.20% 36.74% 38.34%
Number of salaries quoted 3,805 8,942 10,426
10th Percentile £32,500 £32,500 £36,250
25th Percentile £43,750 £41,250 £45,000
Median annual salary (50th Percentile) £60,000 £55,000 £59,526
Median % change year-on-year +9.09% -7.60% +8.23%
75th Percentile £77,500 £73,250 £76,250
90th Percentile £97,500 £91,991 £92,500
UK excluding London median annual salary £52,500 £50,000 £52,500
% change year-on-year +5.00% -4.76% +5.00%

All Programming Languages
UK

SQL falls under the Programming Languages category. For comparison with the information above, the following table provides summary statistics for all permanent job vacancies requiring coding skills.

Permanent vacancies with a requirement for coding skills 15,622 33,278 45,076
As % of all permanent jobs advertised in the UK 30.02% 33.79% 43.37%
Number of salaries quoted 11,533 25,047 28,788
10th Percentile £37,500 £35,000 £38,750
25th Percentile £47,683 £45,000 £49,500
Median annual salary (50th Percentile) £60,000 £60,000 £65,000
Median % change year-on-year - -7.69% +4.00%
75th Percentile £82,500 £77,500 £86,250
90th Percentile £107,250 £100,000 £106,250
UK excluding London median annual salary £55,000 £53,635 £55,000
% change year-on-year +2.54% -2.48% +2.33%

SQL
Job Vacancy Trend

Job postings citing SQL as a proportion of all IT jobs advertised.

Job vacancy trend for SQL in the UK

SQL
Salary Trend

3-month moving average salary quoted in jobs citing SQL.

Salary trend for SQL in the UK

SQL
Salary Histogram

Salary distribution for jobs citing SQL over the 6 months to 1 May 2025.

Salary histogram for SQL in the UK

SQL
Top 19 Job Locations

The table below looks at the demand and provides a guide to the median salaries quoted in IT jobs citing SQL within the UK over the 6 months to 1 May 2025. The 'Rank Change' column provides an indication of the change in demand within each location based on the same 6 month period last year.

Location Rank Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Matching
Permanent
IT Job Ads
Median Salary
Past 6 Months
Median Salary
% Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Live
Jobs
England -3 4,573 £60,000 +9.09% 4,951
UK excluding London -8 2,968 £52,500 +5.00% 2,898
Work from Home 0 2,147 £62,500 +8.70% 2,521
London -3 1,800 £75,000 +7.14% 2,745
North of England -22 756 £52,500 +5.00% 717
South East -4 729 £55,000 +10.00% 1,022
Midlands -11 585 £52,500 +10.53% 507
East of England +8 385 £66,200 +39.37% 223
North West -46 385 £52,500 - 415
West Midlands -8 350 £52,500 +5.00% 299
Yorkshire -5 301 £50,000 +5.26% 220
South West -4 251 £50,000 - 261
East Midlands -12 233 £48,500 +7.78% 183
Scotland -20 192 £47,500 -13.64% 153
North East -12 72 £50,000 - 89
Wales -16 55 £65,000 +44.44% 46
Northern Ireland +7 27 £52,500 -4.55% 51
Isle of Man +13 2 £38,000 -15.56%
Channel Islands +1 2 £78,750 - 2

SQL
Co-occurring Skills and Capabilities by Category

The follow tables expand on the table above by listing co-occurrences grouped by category. The same employment type, locality and period is covered with up to 20 co-occurrences shown in each of the following categories:

Application Platforms
1 166 (3.30%) SharePoint
2 157 (3.12%) Apache Spark
3 138 (2.74%) Apache
4 118 (2.35%) Apache Airflow
5 114 (2.27%) Confluence
6 82 (1.63%) Microsoft Exchange
7 79 (1.57%) SAS
8 68 (1.35%) IIS
9 61 (1.21%) CMS
10 25 (0.50%) Umbraco
11 17 (0.34%) Tomcat
12 13 (0.26%) Oracle SOA Suite
13 10 (0.20%) Jupyter
14 7 (0.14%) Headless CMS
14 7 (0.14%) IBM Domino
14 7 (0.14%) Mule
15 6 (0.12%) nginx
16 5 (0.099%) WebSphere
16 5 (0.099%) WordPress
17 4 (0.080%) Oracle Workflow
Applications
1 388 (7.71%) Microsoft Excel
2 152 (3.02%) Microsoft Office
3 123 (2.45%) Chatbot
4 47 (0.93%) Microsoft PowerPoint
5 19 (0.38%) MS Visio
6 12 (0.24%) Spreadsheet
7 8 (0.16%) Trello
8 7 (0.14%) SPSS
9 6 (0.12%) Microsoft Project
10 5 (0.099%) InDesign
11 2 (0.040%) Adobe XD
12 1 (0.020%) Adobe Creative Suite
12 1 (0.020%) Adobe Illustrator
12 1 (0.020%) Photoshop
12 1 (0.020%) Simulink
12 1 (0.020%) Sketch
12 1 (0.020%) S-PLUS
Business Applications
1 56 (1.11%) NEC Housing
2 53 (1.05%) Aladdin
3 50 (0.99%) Oracle EBS
4 42 (0.83%) Dynamics CRM
5 29 (0.58%) Dynamics NAV
5 29 (0.58%) thinkFolio
6 28 (0.56%) NetSuite
7 24 (0.48%) Oracle Applications
8 20 (0.40%) Sage 200
9 17 (0.34%) Sage 50
10 14 (0.28%) Endur
11 11 (0.22%) Fidessa
11 11 (0.22%) JDE OneWorld
12 10 (0.20%) SAP Business One
13 9 (0.18%) Elite 3E
14 8 (0.16%) Infor M3
14 8 (0.16%) Oracle Payables
15 7 (0.14%) Infor CloudSuite
15 7 (0.14%) Infor CloudSuite Industrial (formerly SyteLine)
15 7 (0.14%) Oracle Receivables
Cloud Services
1 1,761 (35.01%) Azure
2 1,047 (20.82%) Power Platform
3 856 (17.02%) AWS
4 357 (7.10%) GCP
5 328 (6.52%) Azure DevOps
6 287 (5.71%) Azure Data Factory
7 284 (5.65%) SaaS
8 236 (4.69%) Snowflake
9 226 (4.49%) GitHub
10 212 (4.21%) Microsoft 365
11 195 (3.88%) Serverless
12 176 (3.50%) Azure Synapse Analytics
13 148 (2.94%) Power Automate
14 138 (2.74%) Dynamics 365
15 122 (2.43%) dbt
16 111 (2.21%) PowerApps
17 103 (2.05%) Azure Logic Apps
18 92 (1.83%) Amazon S3
19 85 (1.69%) AWS Lambda
20 78 (1.55%) Azure Service Bus
Communications & Networking
1 152 (3.02%) Firewall
2 130 (2.58%) DNS
3 82 (1.63%) DHCP
4 78 (1.55%) TCP/IP
5 49 (0.97%) VLAN
5 49 (0.97%) VPN
6 48 (0.95%) LAN
7 47 (0.93%) WAN
8 46 (0.91%) Network Security
9 44 (0.87%) SAN
10 39 (0.78%) HTTP
11 35 (0.70%) VoIP
12 24 (0.48%) Wi-Fi
13 23 (0.46%) FTP
13 23 (0.46%) Intranet
14 22 (0.44%) Wireless
15 20 (0.40%) BGP
15 20 (0.40%) OSPF
16 18 (0.36%) MPLS
17 17 (0.34%) Internet
Database & Business Intelligence
1 945 (18.79%) Power BI
2 911 (18.11%) SQL Server
3 475 (9.44%) Data Warehouse
4 368 (7.32%) Tableau
5 353 (7.02%) NoSQL
6 284 (5.65%) Relational Database
7 261 (5.19%) SQL Server Reporting Services
8 251 (4.99%) PostgreSQL
9 237 (4.71%) Data Lake
10 230 (4.57%) SQL Server Integration Services
11 223 (4.43%) Azure SQL Database
12 193 (3.84%) MySQL
13 182 (3.62%) Big Data
14 152 (3.02%) Power Query
15 145 (2.88%) MongoDB
16 117 (2.33%) GIS
17 102 (2.03%) Geospatial Data
18 89 (1.77%) Amazon Redshift
19 85 (1.69%) BigQuery
20 83 (1.65%) Metadata
Development Applications
1 499 (9.92%) Git
2 273 (5.43%) JIRA
3 174 (3.46%) Visual Studio
4 166 (3.30%) Jenkins
5 81 (1.61%) GitLab
5 81 (1.61%) Selenium
6 72 (1.43%) JUnit
7 69 (1.37%) Postman
8 61 (1.21%) Eclipse
9 57 (1.13%) Octopus Deploy
10 46 (0.91%) Team Foundation Server
11 45 (0.89%) Maven
12 44 (0.87%) SQL Server Management Studio (SSMS)
13 40 (0.80%) Mockito
14 35 (0.70%) MSBuild
15 33 (0.66%) JMeter
16 31 (0.62%) Bitbucket
16 31 (0.62%) Oracle Forms
16 31 (0.62%) SoapUI
16 31 (0.62%) TeamCity
General
1 1,571 (31.23%) Social Skills
2 1,358 (27.00%) Finance
3 869 (17.28%) Analytical Skills
4 441 (8.77%) Banking
5 274 (5.45%) Retail
6 260 (5.17%) Law
7 189 (3.76%) Marketing
7 189 (3.76%) Public Sector
8 181 (3.60%) Inclusion and Diversity
9 177 (3.52%) Front Office
10 169 (3.36%) Manufacturing
11 148 (2.94%) Legal
12 123 (2.45%) Presentation Skills
13 82 (1.63%) Local Government
14 81 (1.61%) Back Office
15 72 (1.43%) Investment Banking
16 68 (1.35%) Police
17 67 (1.33%) Games
18 54 (1.07%) Advertising
19 53 (1.05%) Organisational Skills
Job Titles
1 1,203 (23.92%) Developer
2 1,026 (20.40%) Analyst
3 890 (17.69%) Senior
4 438 (8.71%) Data Engineer
5 436 (8.67%) Lead
6 405 (8.05%) Software Engineer
7 283 (5.63%) Data Analyst
8 255 (5.07%) Support Analyst
9 246 (4.89%) Senior Developer
10 221 (4.39%) Applications Support
11 216 (4.29%) Senior Analyst
12 210 (4.17%) Architect
13 180 (3.58%) Consultant
14 167 (3.32%) .NET Developer
15 150 (2.98%) Support Engineer
16 147 (2.92%) Software Developer
17 140 (2.78%) SQL Developer
18 136 (2.70%) C# Developer
19 133 (2.64%) Full-Stack Developer
20 125 (2.49%) Senior Data Engineer
Libraries, Frameworks & Software Standards
1 814 (16.18%) .NET
2 593 (11.79%) HTML
3 398 (7.91%) CSS
4 365 (7.26%) React
5 288 (5.73%) REST
6 260 (5.17%) ASP.NET
7 248 (4.93%) .NET Framework
8 246 (4.89%) AngularJS
9 238 (4.73%) XML
10 226 (4.49%) JSON
11 214 (4.25%) .NET Core
12 195 (3.88%) RESTful
13 165 (3.28%) Web Services
14 155 (3.08%) SOAP
15 152 (3.02%) PySpark
16 145 (2.88%) Kafka
17 132 (2.62%) Node.js
18 128 (2.54%) HTML5
19 125 (2.49%) jQuery
20 114 (2.27%) Entity Framework
Miscellaneous
1 247 (4.91%) Algorithms
2 189 (3.76%) Management Information System
3 158 (3.14%) Product Ownership
4 134 (2.66%) Data Structures
5 125 (2.49%) Self-Motivation
6 121 (2.41%) Cloud Native
7 112 (2.23%) Hedge funds
8 111 (2.21%) Derivative
9 103 (2.05%) Fixed Income
10 97 (1.93%) Legacy Systems
10 97 (1.93%) Onboarding
11 78 (1.55%) Mobile App
12 68 (1.35%) Distributed Systems
12 68 (1.35%) Equities
13 66 (1.31%) Credit Risk
13 66 (1.31%) Foreign Exchange (FX)
14 62 (1.23%) Greenfield Project
15 60 (1.19%) Enterprise Software
15 60 (1.19%) NHS
16 46 (0.91%) Data Protection Act
Operating Systems
1 514 (10.22%) Linux
2 465 (9.24%) Windows
3 195 (3.88%) Unix
4 157 (3.12%) Windows Server
5 68 (1.35%) Windows 10
6 38 (0.76%) Windows Server 2019
7 33 (0.66%) Ubuntu
7 33 (0.66%) Windows Server 2016
8 27 (0.54%) Rocky
9 25 (0.50%) Mac OS X
10 20 (0.40%) Solaris
11 19 (0.38%) Windows Server 2012
12 17 (0.34%) CentOS
13 15 (0.30%) Red Hat Enterprise Linux
14 14 (0.28%) Apple iOS
15 13 (0.26%) Android
15 13 (0.26%) VMS
16 12 (0.24%) Mac OS
17 8 (0.16%) AIX
17 8 (0.16%) Windows Server 2008
Processes & Methodologies
1 1,386 (27.55%) Problem-Solving
2 1,191 (23.68%) Agile
3 1,104 (21.95%) Business Intelligence
4 1,073 (21.33%) Analytics
5 772 (15.35%) DevOps
6 660 (13.12%) Software Engineering
7 629 (12.50%) ETL
8 611 (12.15%) CI/CD
9 588 (11.69%) Visualisation
10 543 (10.80%) Data Modelling
11 489 (9.72%) Mentoring
12 474 (9.42%) Computer Science
13 460 (9.15%) Data Management
14 437 (8.69%) Artificial Intelligence
15 425 (8.45%) Data Analysis
16 423 (8.41%) Data Pipeline
17 414 (8.23%) Decision-Making
18 408 (8.11%) Data Engineering
19 395 (7.85%) Microservices
20 362 (7.20%) Data Science
Programming Languages
1 1,668 (33.16%) Python
2 1,100 (21.87%) C#
3 839 (16.68%) JavaScript
4 569 (11.31%) Java
5 343 (6.82%) T-SQL
6 286 (5.69%) PowerShell
7 233 (4.63%) C++
8 222 (4.41%) TypeScript
9 219 (4.35%) PL/SQL
10 163 (3.24%) R
11 109 (2.17%) Data Analysis Expressions
11 109 (2.17%) PHP
12 94 (1.87%) Bash
13 65 (1.29%) Scala
13 65 (1.29%) VB.NET
14 60 (1.19%) C
15 55 (1.09%) Shell Script
16 44 (0.87%) Go
17 43 (0.85%) VBA
18 32 (0.64%) Rust
Qualifications
1 1,155 (22.96%) Degree
2 264 (5.25%) Computer Science Degree
3 214 (4.25%) DBS Check
4 192 (3.82%) Security Cleared
5 132 (2.62%) Master's Degree
6 120 (2.39%) SC Cleared
7 108 (2.15%) Microsoft Certification
8 101 (2.01%) Azure Certification
9 49 (0.97%) BPSS Clearance
10 40 (0.80%) PhD
11 37 (0.74%) DV Cleared
11 37 (0.74%) ISTQB
12 35 (0.70%) MCSE
13 32 (0.64%) Numerate Degree
14 30 (0.60%) AWS Certification
15 29 (0.58%) MCSA
16 26 (0.52%) HND
17 22 (0.44%) MCP
18 20 (0.40%) HNC
19 17 (0.34%) Cisco Certification
Quality Assurance & Compliance
1 328 (6.52%) Data Quality
2 257 (5.11%) QA
3 192 (3.82%) Accessibility
4 145 (2.88%) GDPR
5 70 (1.39%) SLA
6 44 (0.87%) ISO/IEC 27001
7 33 (0.66%) ISO 9001
8 22 (0.44%) WCAG
9 19 (0.38%) Actionable Recommendations
10 18 (0.36%) HL7
10 18 (0.36%) PCI DSS
11 17 (0.34%) NIST
12 12 (0.24%) IFRS
12 12 (0.24%) IFRS 9
13 11 (0.22%) HIPAA
14 10 (0.20%) Cyber Essentials
14 10 (0.20%) SOC 2
15 8 (0.16%) Sarbanes-Oxley
16 7 (0.14%) Basel II
16 7 (0.14%) Dodd-Frank
System Software
1 402 (7.99%) Docker
2 181 (3.60%) Active Directory
3 74 (1.47%) VMware Infrastructure
4 49 (0.97%) Virtual Machines
5 42 (0.83%) Hyper-V
6 27 (0.54%) VMware ESXi
7 17 (0.34%) Virtual Desktop
7 17 (0.34%) vSphere
8 14 (0.28%) HDFS
9 10 (0.20%) Firmware
10 8 (0.16%) VMware NSX
11 5 (0.099%) Apache Flume
12 3 (0.060%) Embedded Firmware
12 3 (0.060%) Terminal Server
13 2 (0.040%) EMC RecoverPoint
13 2 (0.040%) Job Entry Subsystem
13 2 (0.040%) KVM
13 2 (0.040%) pfSense
13 2 (0.040%) SRDF
13 2 (0.040%) Veritas Cluster Server
Systems Management
1 345 (6.86%) Kubernetes
2 184 (3.66%) Terraform
3 53 (1.05%) Microsoft Intune
4 40 (0.80%) Ansible
5 35 (0.70%) Grafana
6 28 (0.56%) Prometheus
7 27 (0.54%) Single Sign-On
8 25 (0.50%) SCCM
9 14 (0.28%) Istio
9 14 (0.28%) Progress Chef
10 12 (0.24%) Failover Clustering
10 12 (0.24%) Nagios
11 11 (0.22%) Argo
12 10 (0.20%) Active Directory Federation Services
13 9 (0.18%) Oozie
13 9 (0.18%) WSUS
14 8 (0.16%) FortiGate
14 8 (0.16%) Oracle RMAN
14 8 (0.16%) SCOM
14 8 (0.16%) vCenter Server
Vendors
1 1,092 (21.71%) Microsoft
2 438 (8.71%) Oracle
3 374 (7.44%) Databricks
4 214 (4.25%) Google
5 123 (2.45%) PayPal
6 108 (2.15%) VMware
7 91 (1.81%) Salesforce
8 87 (1.73%) SAP
9 77 (1.53%) ServiceNow
10 63 (1.25%) Cisco
10 63 (1.25%) IBM
11 61 (1.21%) Red Hat
12 56 (1.11%) NEC
13 50 (0.99%) Adobe
14 49 (0.97%) BISAM
15 46 (0.91%) Dell
15 46 (0.91%) Informatica
16 38 (0.76%) Charles River
17 36 (0.72%) Alteryx
18 31 (0.62%) Atlassian